Can adiponectin have an additional effect on the regulation of food intake by inducing gastric motor changes?

The regulation of food intake is a complex mechanism, and the hypothalamus is the main central structure implicated. In particular, the arcuate nucleus appears to be the most critical area in the integration of multiple peripheral signals.Among these signals, those originating from the white adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract are known to be involved in the regulation of food intake.The present paper focuses on adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by white adipose tissue, which is reported to have a role in the control of feeding by acting centrally. The recent observation that adiponectin is also able to influence gastric motility raises the question of whether this action represents an additional peripheral mechanism that concurs with the central effects of the hormone on food intake. This possibility, which represents an emerging aspect correlating the central and peripheral effects of adiponectin in the hunger-satiety cycle, is discussed in the present paper.     

2008～2009年茂名市食源性致病菌监测分析

目的监测茂名市主要食源性致病菌污染状况,为预防食源性疾病和食物中毒提供科学依据。方法在本市的大型超市、农贸市场、餐饮店和养殖场等随机采集六类食品,依据《食品卫生微生物学检验）GB／T4789-200312008,对采集样品分剐进行沙门菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌0157：1-17和副溶血性弧菌分离、生化及血清学鉴定。结果共监测生禽畜肉、熟肉制品、凉拌菜、豆类制品、水产品及生奶等6类样品273份,检出食源性致病菌33株,总检出率12．09％（33／273）。其中沙门菌22株,检出率8．70％（22／253）;单增李斯特菌3株,检出率1．19％（3／253）;副溶血弧菌5株,,检出率8．93％（5／56）;金黄色葡萄球菌3株,检出率2．65％（3,113）;大肠杆菌0157：H7未检出。结论茂名市食品存在食源性致病菌污染较严重,其中生禽畜肉、生奶、水产品和熟肉制品是主要受污染食品;应加强食源性致病菌的监测,防止食派挂疾病和食物中毒发生。     

江门市区2004-2011年食源性致病菌监测研究

目的了解江门市区2004-2011年食品中沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌(Lm)、副溶血性弧菌及大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157∶H7的污染状况,确定可能污染上述致病菌的高危食品,为食源性疾病监测工作提供科学依据。方法依据国标方法,按《广东省食源性致病菌监测计划》检测技术要求,对采集的食品样本分别进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、Lm、副溶血性弧菌及EHEC O157∶H7菌分离和生化及血清学鉴定,对结果作统计分析。结果 12类1 237份食品中共检出致病菌98株,总检出阳性率为7.92%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌检出23株,检出率为4.14%(23/556);其次沙门菌检出34株,检出率为2.75%(34/1 237);Lm检出30株,检出率为2.43%(30/1 237);副溶血性弧菌检出11株,检出率为2.14%(11/513);未检出大肠杆菌O157∶H7。以非定型包装熟肉、生禽肉、水产品和凉拌菜污染较为严重。结论应加强非定型包装熟肉、生禽肉、水产品和凉拌菜食品食源性致病菌污染的监测。     

用权利制约权力--论病人权利与医师权力的关系

医师在医疗服务中拥有的医学治疗权不是一项个人权利,而是一项社会权力.医师权力来源病人权利的部分让渡.其目的是为了维护和增进病人的健康利益,但在现实生活中,市场经济的负面因素诱发医师权力部分地背离了它的本始目的,这一现象就是医师权力异化.异化了的医师权力侵犯病人权利,引起医患双方利益冲突,形成医疗纠纷.在立法上全面确定病人的权利与医师的义务,用病人权利制约医师权力,这是和谐医患关系的一条有效途径.     

Emerging food allergens: Identification of polyphenol oxidase as an important allergen in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Although many allergens have been detected in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), their identity have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an important eggplant enzyme, acts as an allergen. The proteins of eggplant peel extract were separated on phenyl-Sepharose (PS), and analyzed by skin prick test (SPT), ELISA and IgE-immunoblotting; the components were analyzed for PPO activity, presence of protein–bound copper, and recognition by rabbit polyclonal anti-sweet potato PPO antiserum. LC–MS/MS and in silico analysis were employed to identify the separated allergens and prediction of IgE epitopes. Eggplant allergens were separated into 5 components (PS1–PS5), of which component PS2 exhibited high specific PPO activity. SPT and ELISA with PPO-rich pool (PS2) were positive in all 6 eggplant-allergic subjects; the 43, 64 and 71 kDa proteins displayed strong IgE-binding ability. The 64 and 71 kDa IgE-binding proteins show PPO activity, presence of copper, and recognition by anti-sweet potato PPO antiserum, clearly identifying them as PPOs; the 43 kDa protein appears to be a degradation product of the 64 or 71 kDa proteins based on enzymic activity and recognition by PPO antiserum. The 64 kDa protein upon further resolution by SDS-PAGE displayed two components (identified as eggplant PPO1 and PPO4 by LC–MS/MS). Based on bioinformatics approaches, PPO4 has been identified as an allergen since it harbors an IgE epitope. This study clearly demonstrates that the 64 and 71 kDa allergens in eggplant peel are PPOs based on enzymic activity and recognition by PPO antiserum; the 64 kDa copper-containing protein is identified as one of the several eggplant allergens (Sola m PPO4). This is the first instance of polyphenol oxidase being identified as a new food allergen.     

氘代同位素内标GC/MS法测定食品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的方法研究

目的:建立以氘代同位素内标测定食品中3-氯-1, 2 -丙二醇的GC/MS方法。方法:试样中加入d5 -3 -氯-1, 2-丙二醇氘代同位素内标,用盐溶液提取试样中的3-MCPD,采用Extrelut硅藻土进行柱层析净化试样,经七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生化后, 用毛细柱气相色谱分离,采用选择离子监测(SIM)的质谱扫描模式进行定量分析。结果: 3-氯-1,2-丙二醇检测限低于0. 01mg/kg; 各类食品样品加标0. 01mg/kg的平均回收率>85%,样品重复测定6次的CV值均小于10%。结论:该方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度、精密度和特异性,可满足欧盟和我国法规对痕量氯丙醇检测分析的要求,适用于可能含有3-MCPD的几乎所有食品。     

Cortisol, energy intake, and food frequency in overweight/obese women

Objective

This retrospective study investigated the relation between daily urinary free cortisol excretion rate, as a marker of cortisol production rate, to daily caloric intake, food choice, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.

Methods

One hundred twenty-seven overweight/obese women and 21 normal-weight subjects were enrolled in the study. Fasting blood samples for metabolic parameters were taken from each subject, followed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Cortisol excretion rate was assessed on 24-h urine collection (UFC/24 h). In obese patients, the daily caloric intake was calculated, and a weekly food-frequency questionnaire was assessed. Analysis of variance was used to assess the differences between groups. The relations between parameters were investigated by simple and multiple regressions.

Results

Obese women had significantly higher UFC/24 h than the normal-weight women (P < 0.001). The obese subjects had an unbalanced diet, particularly rich in saturated lipids, and weekly food choice showed a preference for highly caloric foods. UFC/24 h values and waist circumference were significantly correlated (P < 0.001), regardless of BMI. In the obese group, after adjustment for BMI, the UFC/24 h values were also significantly and positively correlated to daily carbohydrate and lipid intake and to weekly starchy food consumption.

Conclusion

We demonstrated a significant association between higher UFC/24 h and energy intake, fats, and consumption of starchy foods, and that these relations were independent of BMI.     

气相色谱法测定食品中农药残留预处理方法的研究

目的建立气相色谱法测定食品中农药残留的预处理方法。方法使用液液萃取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,毛细管气相色谱法分离,氮磷检测器(NPD),电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测。结果各种农药的回收率在71.2%～115%,相对标准偏差RSD(%)在2.5%～13.0%。结论该方法提取完全,净化彻底,定量准确,操作简便,能满足多种农药残留的测定。