难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者术前食物不耐受情况及相关因素分析

目的：综合分析难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者食物不耐受情况,为指定个体化饮食方案提供依据。方法采用美国BIO-MERICA公司生产的食物过敏原检测试剂盒,用酶联免疫方法（ELISA）检测血清中以14种食物为过敏原产生的特异性免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体水平,对获得资料进行综合分析。结果42例难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者食物不耐受阳性率为78.57％（33／42）,排在前三位的不耐受食物依次为：牛奶／羊奶（35.71％）,蛋清／蛋黄（28.57％）,蟹（23.81％）。结论难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者食物不耐受发生率较高,且与性别、年龄、营养等多种因素有关,在为患者制定饮食方案时应个体化综合考虑。     

介绍一种检测蚊虫DNA重复序列的方法

在一般分子生物学方法的基础上,介绍改进了的制备成蚊、幼虫和蛹的基因组DNA,并用限制性核酸内切酶消化基因组DNA,凝胶电泳分离、溴乙锭染色后显示代表重复序列DNA带的一系列方法。本法可直接检测、比较蚊虫DNA重复序列,不受发育阶段、性别的影响,取材方便,简易可行。     

Non‐nutritional uses of food in traditional Appalachian culture

Food has both nutritional and non‐nutritional functions and this paper reports some non‐nutritional uses of food in traditional Appalachian culture. The emphasis is upon occult and non‐occult uses of food in folk medicine. Specific examples of rituals are presented as collected in Appalachia. It is suggested that these traditions have been maintained due to the strength of the reference groups.     

Les besoins non couverts des personnes âgées en incapacités fonctionnelles à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

BackgroundIn sub-Sahara Africa, the strong involvement of the family in multidimensional cares/supports of elderly is often presented like the family ensures almost everything to these people. Thus, few studies have focused on unmet needs of the elderly in their family or above. This study was conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso to identify those needs.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study including 58 people or 15 elderly and 43 caregivers from 15 families in Bobo-Dioulasso. In addition to regular observations of these families during 1 year, we conducted in-depth individual interview with each participant at the beginning and at the end of the study. The data were analyzed using QSR NVivo 8 software.ResultsA priori, respondents let believe that there is no unmet functional needs of the elderly in their family. However, the food, the first and main functional need of the elderly is not qualitatively satisfied by their family as well as other equipments or health needs. The quality of social cares/supports, biomedical cares and community supports are insufficient when these cares/supports are provided. The family demands many free or subsidized services to public or community structures then they are not currently available.DiscussionIn a context of widespread poverty, it is difficult for each actor of the social system of maintaining elderly in functional autonomy to provide services/supports of optimal quality. A synergy of action will reduce the unmet needs of the elderly in Bobo-Dioulasso.     

CHANGING FOOD PRODUCTION STRATEGIES AMONG GARHWALI RESETTLERS IN THE HIMALAYAS

This article discusses the changing systems of food production among Garhwali resettlers who were forcibly displaced due to the construction of the Tehri Dam in North India. Resettling to a drastically new environment affected their traditional food production strategies and rendered them vulnerable to the vagaries of transition, including the forced adaptation to new cash crop-based farming systems, restricted hunting and fishing areas, and limited access to dairy products. These changes led to an inadequate supply of food and nutrients, especially protein, for these resettlers. Using ethnographic methods, this study illustrates that resettling an agrarian community to a new ecological area significantly changes their food production practices in ways that leave them vulnerable to the potential risk of an impoverished diet.     

Effects of Low-Protein Diet on the Baroreflex and Bezold-Jarisch Reflex in Conscious Rats

The present study evaluated the effects of a low-protein diet (LP, 6% protein) on cardiovascular reflexes of Male Fisher rats. Three experimental groups, and their respective controls (15% protein), were used. (1) Baroreceptor reflex (BAR); (2) Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR); and (3) Prazosin treated. Dietary restriction began after weaning (three weeks) and lasted for a period of five weeks, after which animals were subjected to the experimental protocols. The BAR group was evaluated through injections of phenylephrine (0.55.0 μg/Kg, i.v.) and sodium nitroprusside (0.77.0 μg/Kg, i.v.) while the BJR was evaluated through injections of serotonin (2.510μg/Kg, i.v.). Our results showed an increased baroreflex gain bradycardia for the LP group (-0.96 ± 0.34 vs. -2.12 ± 1.06 bpm/mmHg) and a larger bradycardia for the BJR the LP group (160 ± 18% greater than controls). Basal cardiovascular parameters were not different between LP and control rats, however LP animals treated with prazosin resulted in a larger fall of blood pressure (-19±3 vs. -28±5 mmHg). In conclusion, LP rats present an increased responsiveness of BAR and BJR, which could contribute to their normal levels of cardiovascular parameters, in spite of the possible increase in the sympathetic vasomotor tonus observed with the prazosin protocol.     

The Effect of Neuropeptide Y on Hypothalamic Serotonin Overflow

Intracerebroventricular injections of Neuropeptide Y stimulate orexigenic behaviors (food intake) in satiated animals. Several investigators have shown that the ventromedial, paraventricular, and other specific hypothalamic sites mediate the action of Neuropeptide Y to stimulate feeding. The present study used in vivo microdialysis to describe the time course of the changes in ventromedial hypothalamic serotonin and its metabolite, 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid subsequent to Neuropeptide Y administration in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Dialysates were collected before and after Neuropeptide Y injection using a 1 mm microdialysis probe placed in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and were analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography equipped with an ESA electrochemical detector. Two and half-hours after Neuropeptide Y injection, the perfusion fluid was changed so as to contain 10 μM of fluoxetine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor. Neuropeptide Y decreased extracellular serotonin concentration on average 30 to 50 percent from baseline. 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid overflow remained constant. Fluoxetine did not change the serotonin suppression. These observations suggest that Neuropeptide Y might be acting at the presynaptic terminal to prevent vesicular release of serotonin.     

Central microinjection of phytohormone abscisic acid changes feeding behavior,decreases body weight,and reduces brain oxidative stress in rats

Objectives: Natural products have a potential role on food intake in mammals. It has been reported that phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has a regulatory role on metabolic processes. Here, the effects of ABA on feeding behavior and brain oxidative stress were investigated in male Wistar rats.

Methods: ABA was injected intracerebroventricularly. Experimental groups were included (n = 9): control (received no injection), ABA vehicle (received normal saline), and ABA-treated groups were injected with different doses of ABA (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/rat for 7 days). Daily cumulative daytime and nighttime food consumption, meal frequency, meal duration, and alteration in body weight were recorded. At the end of behavioral experiment, catalase and peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels were assayed.

Results: The results showed that ABA (5 and 10 μg) increased the meal frequency. Moreover, ABA could decrease body weight and MDA and H₂O₂ levels and increased the catalase and peroxidase activities in diencephalon. It also decreased the MDA concentration in the brain stem.

Discussion: Taken together, ABA has an important effect on feeding behavior and body weight in rats likely via increasing antioxidant capacity. However, further studies are still required to determine the underlying mechanisms of ABA on the feeding behavior.     

Community Dwelling Elderly Are Appropriate Subjects for Intensive Dietary Choice Restriction Studies

There is a traditional belief that the elderly have difficulty coping with dietary change, and therefore have a diminished likelihood of successfully responding to nutritional interventions or restrictions. Using a controlled mild zinc-deficiency feeding study as a model for strict dietary intervention, we assessed psychological responses to severe dietary choice restriction in 15 Caucasian, elderly (66.12 ± 4.43 years) males (n = 7) and females (n = 8). Participants completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Questionnaire (SF-36) as an index of QOL and the Multi-dimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) as a measure of health beliefs at pre-intervention baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. No subjects dropped out nor were any meals missed during the entire 21-day feeding study period. No significant differences were detected across time on the MHLC (Internal F = 0.53, P = 0.6; Powerful Others F = 0.28, P = 0.8; Chance F = 1.1, P = 0.4.) by one-way ANOVA. Similarly, for the SF-36 no significant differences were found across time (F = 0.76, P = 0.5). Our results suggest that restricting dietary choices does not negatively impact older adult subjects and that they can cope well with dietary choice restriction and change. Older adults should not be overlooked for nutritional intervention solely due to age considerations.     

Dietary Restriction Reduces the Prevalence of Osteonecrosis of the Caput Femoris in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

We investigated the effects of dietary restriction (DR), an experimental intervention known to suppress several strain-specific diseases, on the prevalence of osteonecrosis of the caput femoris in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). At 6 weeks of age, the food intake of DR rats was restricted to 65% of the mean intake of control rats fed ad libitum (AL). Acute osteonecrosis of the caput femoris without reparative tissue response (RTR) was observed at 10 and 15 weeks in both DR and AL groups; no such acute lesion was seen at 20 and 30 weeks. The prevalence of osteonecrosis, osteonecrosis with/without reparative tissue response was significantly reduced in DR rats at 15 and 20 weeks, but not at 10 weeks. DR reduced the body weight by 30% and the length of the femur by 10%. Ossification of the caput femoris, known to be delayed in AL rats compared with Wistar Kyoto rats, was also restored by DR. Our results showed that dietary restriction reduced the prevalence of osteonecrosis and modulated the mechanical factors involved in the lesion. They also indicate that utilization of dietary restriction is a useful research tool for investigating the underlying mechanisms of osteonecrosis of the caput femoris in SHR. Received: 4 March 1997 / Accepted: 9 July 1998