复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物者免疫调节和抗脂质过氧化作用

目的研究复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物人群免疫调节和脂质过氧化的影响。方法以某有色金属冶炼厂接触NaF的28名工人为观察对象，检测服用复方枸杞多糖胶囊前后其血浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力和血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的含量。结果与服用前比较，服用1周后，SOD、CAT活力有显著性升高（P〈0．01），MDA的含量明显下降（P〈0．01），IgG、IgA、IgM的含量均明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论复合枸杞多糖对接触氟化物者可提高其免疫功能和抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

Effectiveness of fluoride varnish on caries in the first molars of primary schoolchildren: a 3-year longitudinal study in Guangxi Province,China

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of 5% sodium fluoride varnish on caries in first permanent molars and to assess the suitability of using this method to control caries among children in rural areas of Guangxi province, China. Methods: A total of nine schools with 32 classes were selected by simple random sampling. There were 999 students in the experimental group and 1,004 in the control group. The experimental group received oral health education and topical application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish, while the control group received oral health education only. Dental examinations were performed in November 2014 and November 2017, and the modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) was used to record the caries status of the first permanent molars. The data were entered into SPSS 22 for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 1,748 students (853 in the experimental group and 895 in the control group) completed the study. After 3 years of intervention, the experimental group had a lower prevalence of caries, a lower caries increment, a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and a lower decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) index compared with the control group (respectively: 58.9% vs 65.5%, 34.8% vs 42.1%, 1.38 vs 1.59 and 2.06 vs 2.38). All the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study population, twice-yearly application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish and oral health education were more effective for preventing caries in first permanent molars than oral health education alone. The implementation of fluoride varnish application as a public health measure in schools in rural areas is recommended.Key words: Fluoride varnish, first molars, caries prevention, schoolchildren     

Effect of intraperitoneally injected fluoride on plasma calcium in suckling and adult rats

Summary Sodium fluoride 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneally to rats (6–11 days old and 90–95 days old). Blood analyses showed an initial increase in plasma fluoride concentration. The subsequent decrease in fluoride was paralleled by a decrease in total plasma calcium. These plasma concentrations were normal at blood collection 4 days after fluoride injection. The baby rats differed from the older rats in that their initial plasma calcium was higher and that the drop in plasma calcium concentration was less pronounced than in the old rats. A diet low in calcium and phosphate enhanced the effects of fluoride on total plasma calcium. The data indicate that the effect of large doses of fluoride on lowering the plasma calcium level is modified by the calcium intake.     

高氟饮水对小鼠脑功能的影响

目的 探讨高氟饮水对小鼠脑功能的影响。方法 对饮加氟离子浓度１００、５０、１０ｍｇ／Ｌ水６个月的小鼠,通过行为毒理学实验（穿梭箱试验）判断其学习和记忆功能,并对其脑组织胆碱酯酶（ＣｈＥ）活力进行测定。结果 饮高氟水的小鼠学习和记忆能力显著落后于对照组;高氟组小鼠脑组织ＣｈＦ活力显著高于对照组。结论 高氟饮水对小鼠脑功能有显著的影响,氟对中枢神经系统具有毒性作用。     

过量氟与软骨代谢

氟中毒与软骨组织代谢有着密切的联系，过量氟对软骨有明显的损害作用，可造成钙、磷等无机元素代谢异带．导致软骨蛋白多糖合成与分解失调，干扰软骨基质胶原代谢及改变软骨组织酶的活性。     

氟致骨组织中细胞核转录因子-κB相关基因表达改变与破骨细胞凋亡的关系

目的 探讨慢性氟中毒大鼠骨骼损伤时细胞核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)相关基因表达改变与破骨细胞凋亡的关系,深入研究氟骨症的发病机制.方法 健康SD大鼠36只,体质量100 ～ 120 9,按体质量随机分为3组,每组12只.对照组饮用自来水(含氟量＜1 mg/L),低氟组和高氟组分别饮用含5、50 mg/L氟化钠的自来水.大鼠饲养8个月,建立慢性氟中毒模型,股动脉放血处死.取大鼠股骨干骺端,光镜观察骨组织形态学改变;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b (TRACP 5b)水平;采用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色鉴定破骨细胞并计数;采用Real-time PCR和免疫组织化学方法检测骨组织中p50、IKBα和凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax的mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 染氟大鼠股骨干骺端呈骨质硬化表现.低氟组血清TRACP 5b水平、破骨细胞数[(3.45±1.85)U/L、(6.75±1.29)个/切片]显著高于对照组[(1.26±0.23)U/L、(3.92±1.38)个/切片,P均＜0.05],高氟组[(2.74±1.85) U/L、(3.33±1.07)个/切片]较低氟组降低(P均＜0.05).低氟组p50、IκBα、Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达水平(4.41±0.44、1.15±0.25、2.02±0.11、1.25±0.22)显著高于对照组(1.46±0.10、0.26±0.07、1.00±0.06、0.74±0.09,P均＜0.05),高氟组(0.69±0.09、0.14±0.03、0.95±0.08、0.62±0.08)较低氟组降低(P均＜0.05).低氟组p50、IκBα蛋白表达水平(152.96±7.87、156.20±9.75)显著高于对照组(125.63±9.85、118.97±6.94,P均＜0.05),高氟组(120.56±9.57、114.50±7.61)较低氟组降低(P均＜ 0.05);低氟组Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平(170.61±6.60、160.77±7.66)和Bcl-2/Bax比值(1.07±0.08)较对照组(110.73±5.27、114.64±5.83、0.96±0.04)升高(P均＜0.05),高氟组(81.70±8.00、99.93±3.83、0.81±0.08)较对照组和低氟组降低(P均＜0.05).p50、IκBα蛋白表达水平与Bcl-2/Bax比值呈正相关关系(r值分别为0.587、0.676,P均＜0.05).结论 慢性氟中毒可引起骨组织NF-KB相关基因表达改变以及破骨细胞凋亡,氟骨症的机制可能与NF-κB p50和IKBα表达改变引起的破骨细胞凋亡失常有关.     

急性氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病一例报道并文献复习

氟乙酰胺是一种高效剧毒、残留性强的有机氟杀鼠剂,而氟乙酰胺中毒易导致多种脏器功能损伤,尤其是中枢神经系统损伤,并造成氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病等。本文报道了1例急性氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病患者并进行了文献复习,以期提高临床对氟乙酰胺中毒性脑病的认识。     

保靖、秀山地区燃煤氟污染调查

对秀山、保靖燃煤氟中毒流行地区的环境氟和食品氟进行了调查。在对水氟、土壤氟、煤氟、气氟、尘氟、玉米氟、辣椒氟和其他蔬菜氟测定的基础上,首次阐明氟从煤进入人体导致当地氟中毒流行的迁移、转运途径是氟从煤-烟尘-玉米-人,该病流行的原因是煤烟尘污染玉米后经口摄入所致。证明了煤烟尘含氟量与玉米含氟量显著相关,并建议选用尘氟或空气氟作为室内环境质量和评价改灶降氟、预防氟病流行的监控指标。     

氟化泡沫预防青少年固定正畸过程中釉质脱矿的临床研究

目的观察固定正畸过程中应用氟化泡沫对年轻恒牙形成釉质脱矿的影响。方法选取60例固定正畸患者（年龄11～14岁）,分为3组,分别采取3个月应用一次氟化泡沫,6个月应用一次氟化泡沫,及未使用氟化泡沫。记录治疗12个月后牙面的釉质脱矿指数（EDI）,计算平均EDI,进行统计学分析。结果 3个月应用一次氟化泡沫组平均EDI为0.144,明显低于其他两组,存在统计学差异;6个月应用一次氟化泡沫组平均EDI为0.256,与未使用氟化泡沫组平均EDI为0.350相比无明显统计学差异。结论 3个月应用一次氟化泡沫能有效预防固定正畸过程中年轻恒牙的釉质脱矿。     

含氟牙釉质粘接剂释氟的实验研究

目的：研究国产含氟牙釉质粘接剂的释氟性能。方法：制备含氟牙釉质粘接剂I型和Ⅱ型的测试标本，以ORION720型离子选择性氟电极、参比电极测试氟离子浓度。结果：I型及Ⅱ型含氟牙釉质粘接剂均有氟离子释放，且在第一个24h后氟离子浓度下降显著，可维持21d左右；Ⅱ型含氟牙釉质粘接剂初始状态释放氟离子水平较高。结论：I型及Ⅱ型含氟牙釉质粘接剂均有释氟性能,而以Ⅱ型含氟牙质粘接剂较佳。