Protective effect of emodin on renal interstitial fibrosis in mice of unilateral ureteral obstruction via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of emodin (EM) in renal interstitial fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, including sham operation group (n=8), UUO operation group (n=8), UUO operation+losartan (LST) group (n=8) and UUO operation+EM group (n=8). The mice in each group were ingested the suspensions by gavage for 14 days after surgery. Mice in UUO+LST and UUO+EM groups were given 10 mg?kg-1?d-1 LST and 20 mg?kg-1?d-1 EM, respectively. LST and EM were mixed with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Mice in sham group and UUO group were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The mice were sacrificed at the 14th day. Interstitial fibrosis was observed by HE, Masson and PAS stain. Real-time PCR was used to detect LC3, Beclin-1 and mTOR mRNA. Protein expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, E-cadherin, LC3, Beclin-1, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. The autophagy was observed with transmission electron microscopy in the renal tissue. Results Compared with sham mice, UUO mice at the 14th day displayed obvious renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, UUO mice had increased expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA (all P＜0.01), and decreased expressions of E-cadherin (P＜0.01). Their renal expressions of PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were also raised (all P＜0.01). Compared with those in UUO group, in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group, expressions of autophagy protein LC3 and Beclin-1 were increased (all P＜0.01), and the number of autophagic was increased. Additionally, expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA were reduced in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group (all P＜0.01), while the expression of E-cadherin was increased by emodin treatment (P＜0.05). And expressions of PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were decreased in UUO+LST group and UUO+EM group (all P＜0.05), meanwhile renal tissue fibrosis significantly reduced. Conclusions Emodin can promote autophagy, ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis and protect renal function through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.     

脐血CD133+细胞移植治疗裸鼠实验性缺血性心肌病

目的探讨人脐血CD133+细胞移植于缺血心肌后的增殖分化情况和对缺血心肌梗塞面积和纤维化程度改善情况.方法从新鲜脐血中纯化的CD133+细胞,PKH26标记后注射于结扎冠状动脉后的裸鼠缺血心肌内,并以无血清培养基注射动物为对照组.2周后观察移植细胞的分化情况,检测心肌纤维化程度和梗塞面积的变化.结果CD133+细胞移植后2周,对照组梗塞面积(26.3±3.8)%,纤维化程度(12.8±1.1)%;而实验组梗塞面积(7.8±1.3)%,纤维化程度(5.5±0.7)%(P<0.05).结论CD133+细胞移植能明显减少实验动物心肌梗塞面积和纤维化程度.     

SWATH label-free proteomics for cystic fibrosis research

BackgroundLabel-free proteomics is a powerful tool for biological investigation. The SWATH protocol, relying on the Pan Human ion library, currently represents the state-of-the-art methodology for this kind of analysis. We recently discovered that this tool is not perfectly suitable for proteomics research in the CF field, as it lacks assays for several proteins crucial for the CF biology, including CFTR.MethodsWe extensively investigated the proteome of a very popular model for in vitro research on CF, CFBE41o-, and we used the corresponding data to improve the power of SWATH proteomics for CF investigation. We then used this improved tool to explore in depth the proteome of primary bronchial epithelial (BE) cells deriving from four CF individuals compared with that of four corresponding non-CF controls. By means of advanced bioinformatics tools, we outlined the presence of a number of protein networks being significantly altered by CF.ResultsOur analysis on patients' BE cells identified 154 proteins dysregulated by the CF pathology (94 upregulated and 60 downregulated). Some known CFTR interactors are present among them, but our analysis also revealed the alteration of other proteins not previously known to be related with CF.ConclusionsThe present work outlines the power of SWATH label free proteomics applied to CF research.     

依那普利对梗阻性肾病大鼠肾组织p38丝裂素激活蛋白激酶活性的影响

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)依那普利对梗阻性肾病模型肾组织p38丝裂素激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性的影响。方法采用单侧输尿管结扎(UUO)模型,治疗组从造模前24h至造模后28d以依那普利10mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,另设假手术组作正常对照。分别于造模后1h,3h,6h,12h,1d,3d,5d,7d,14d,21d及28d取肾组织,应用免疫沉淀结合特异性底物磷酸化法测定肾组织p38MAPK活性;免疫组织化学法检测磷酸化p38MAPK在肾组织中的表达和定位;免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法检测肾组织TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果正常大鼠肾组织基础的p38MAPK活性(吸光度值)为0.22±0.06。UUO术后1h,p38MAPK即被激活(0.45±0.14,P<0.01),并呈进行性升高,12h时达第1个高峰(0.91±0.07,P<0.01),此后活性逐渐下降;第3天后又进行性升高,第7天达到第2个高峰(0.93±0.06,P<0.01)。TGF-β1的表达在UUO术后1h、3h、6h、12h及24h均无明显增加;在第3天有明显增加(A值,13.55±6.33比基础4.32±1.72,P<0.01);第7天达高峰(26.78±8.77,P<0.01)。梗阻肾肾组织p38MAPK的激活明显早于TGF-β1表达,且p38MAPK早期活性的强弱与肾组织TGF-β1的表达水平相一致。依那普利治疗可以明显抑制p38MAPK活性(下降36%～65%,P<0.01),显著降低肾组织TGF-β1表达(下降33%～4     

树突状细胞在肾小管间质炎症病变中的作用及抗黏附干预调节的研究

目的 探讨树突状细胞(DC)在肾小管间质炎症损伤中的作用，以及抗P-选择素功能域单抗(PsL-EGFmAb)对DC浸润及体外成熟与功能的干预调节。 方法 (1)建立大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型。分别采用免疫组化和免疫双染与图像分析，观察P-选择素及CD1a+CD80+DC在肾组织表达和分布变化。(2)从脐血CD34+造血干细胞中诱导扩增DC，并于成熟过程中采用流式细胞仪分析细胞表面分子表达；RT-PCR检测细胞NF-κB P50、P65 mRNA表达；混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)检测DC对T细胞刺激能力；以及ELISA测定MLR上清液IL-12 p70分泌含量。 结果 (1)与假手术组比较，UUO大鼠从第1天起，随着P-选择素以肾小管上皮细胞为主的小管间质表达，CD1a+CD80+DC以肾间质为主浸润；至第7天P-选择素上调且CD1a+CD80+DC显著聚集，两者明显相关且与肾小管间质病变程度显著相关。经PsL-EGFmAb处理后，大鼠肾组织P-选择素表达下调，CD1a+CD80+DC浸润减少，且肾小管间质损害程度减轻。(2)经TNF-α刺激炎性状态下，培养人DC成熟过程中基本不表达或低表达P-选择素，但持续高表达与P-选择素同属C型凝集素的DC-SIGN。经PsL-EGFmAb处理后，可明显抑制DC-SIGN及细胞内NF-κB基因表达，并相应抑制DC黏附共刺激分子表达、IL-12分泌及刺激T细胞增殖能力。 结论 DC也是肾小管间质炎症病变启动因素，针对P-选择素功能域的单抗对其浸润具抑制作用。此外，该单抗对人DC成熟与功能有调节效应，提示与抑制作为DC模式识别及黏附受体的DC-SIGN有关，并可能通过影响NF-κB途径起作用。     

Lung Transplantation in Children. Specific Aspects

Lung transplantation has become in recent years a therapeutic option for infants with terminal lung disease with similar results to transplantation in adults. In Spain, since 1996 114 children lung transplants have been performed; this corresponds to 3.9% of the total transplant number. The most common indication in children is cystic fibrosis, which represents between 70-80% of the transplants performed in adolescents. In infants common indications are interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. In most children a sequential double lung transplant is performed, generally with the help of extracorpo-real circulation. Lung transplantation in children presents special challenges in monitoring and follow-up, especially in infants, given the difficulty in assessing lung function and performing transbronchial biopsies.There are some more specific complications in children like postransplant lymphoproliferative syndrome or a greater severity of respiratory virus infections. After lung transplantation children usually experiment a very important improvement in their quality of life. Eighty eight per cent of children have no limitations in their activity after 3 years of transplantation. According to the registry of the International Society for Heart & Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) survival at 5 years of transplantation is 54% and at 10 years is around 35%.     

原发性IgA肾病患者肾脏局部血管紧张素Ⅱ表达与肾脏纤维化相关

目的 研究原发性IgA肾病患者肾脏局部肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）组分的表达及其相互调节,探讨肾内血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）表达与临床病理损伤指标间的关系。 方法 采用免疫组织化学方法评价肾脏局部RAS组分的表达。分析36例原发性IgA肾病患者肾脏局部RAS组分表达之间的相关性以及肾内AngⅡ表达与血压、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、24 h尿蛋白量和Katafuchi肾脏病理评分之间的相关性。 结果 肾内肾素、血管紧张素原与AngⅡ表达呈正相关（r ＝ 0.43,P < 0.01;r ＝ 0.34,P < 0.05）。肾内AngⅡ表达与eGFR呈负相关（r ＝ -0.61,P < 0.01）,并与病理慢性积分及间质炎性细胞浸润积分呈正相关（ρ ＝ 0.39,P < 0.05;ρ ＝ 0.52,P < 0.05）。 结论 IgA肾病患者肾内AngⅡ表达与肾内肾素、血管紧张素原表达相关,并且肾内AngⅡ表达与肾脏纤维化程度相关。     

Development and validation of CF-Medication Beliefs Questionnaire: A mixed-methods approach

Background

Beliefs about medication have been associated with adherence in other diseases but there are no existing disease-specific medication beliefs questionnaires for CF. This mixed-methods validated the Cystic Fibrosis Medication Belief Questionnaire (CF-MBQ), based on social cognitive theory.

Relationship between intermedin and renal interstitial capillary loss in IgA nephropathy patients

Objective To explore the relationship between intermedin (IMD) and renal interstitial capillary loss in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Methods Renal biopsy specimens collected from primary IgAN patients in our hospital (n=80) were compared with normal renal tissues. Expressions of IMD, CD31 and VE-cadherin were examined by immunohistochemical method, and plasma concentrations of IMD and TGF-β1 in 37 cases from the 80 cases were compared. The relationship between IMD and renal interstitial capillary loss in IgAN patients was analyzed. Results IMD and VE-cadherin in renal tubule interstitium expressions increased compared to the control group at the early stage of IgAN (P＜0.05). CD31 expression remained unchanged at the early stage of pathological lesions of IgAN (P＞0.05), but decreased at the early stage of clinical stage of IgAN compared to the control (P＜0.05). Expressions of IMD, CD31 and VE-cadherin were reducing as the disease progressed, and the correlations of CD31 and VE-cadherin (r=0.517, P＜0.01), IMD and CD31 (r=0.655, P＜0.01) or IMD and VE-cadherin (r=0.576, P＜0.01) were positive. Plasma concentrations of IMD and TGF-β1 were higher than those of the control group at the early stage of IgAN (P＜0.05), and the changes of IMD and TGF-β1were correlated positively (r=0.582, P＜0.01). Conclusion Compared with the control group, expression of IMD in kidney tubules increases at the early stage of IgAN, and change of IMD correlates closely with the renal interstitial capillary loss. Plasma concentrations of IMD and TGF-β1 increase compared with the control group at the early stage of IgAN, and the changes of IMD and TGF-β1 are related closely.