Nano in nano: Biosynthesized gold and iron nanoclusters cargo neoplastic exosomes for cancer status biomarking

Timely detection is crucial for successful treatment of cancer. The current study describes a new approach that involves utilization of the tumor cell environment for bioimaging with in-situ biosynthesized nanoscale gold and iron probes and subsequent dissemination of Au-Fe nanoclusters from cargo exosomes within the circulatory system. We have isolated the Au-Fe cargo exosomes from the blood of the treated murine models after in situ biosyntheses from their respective pre-ionic solutions (HAuCl₄, FeCl₂), whereas Na₂SeO₃ supplementation added into Au lethal effect. The microarray data of various differentially expressed genes revealed the up-regulated tumor ablation and metal binding genes in SGC-7901 cell lines after treatment with Au-Fe-Se triplet ionic solution. The isolation of Au-Fe nanoclusters cargo exosomes (nano in nano) after secretion from deeply seated tumors may help in early diagnosis and reveal the tumor ablation status during and after the relevant treatment like radio-chemo therapies et al.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血液酸碱度和阴离子间隙分析

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE)血液酸碱失衡的特点。方法测定 60例 HIE患儿的血气分析、血清电解质 ,计算阴离子间隙 (AG)及应用预计代偿值计算式以判断三重酸碱失衡 (TABD) ,分析酸碱失衡特点。结果 3 8例 p H<7.3 0 ,47例 HCO- 3<18mmol/ L,3 4例 Pa CO2 >6.68k Pa,16例 Pa CO2 <4.66k Pa,3 6例血碱剩余在 -6以下 ;3 9例 AG>16mmol/ L;11例 TABD,3 4例二重酸碱紊乱 ,12例单纯性酸碱紊乱 ,3例正常。结论 HIE患儿以高 AG性代谢性酸中毒为特点 ,并易出现混合性酸碱紊乱 ,重度 HIE患儿易致高碳酸血症 ,处理 HIE患儿时应改善通气与循环     

霉酚酸酯对狼疮性肾炎的治疗效果及肾脏病理分析

目的研究探讨霉酚酸酯(MMF)对狼疮性肾炎(LN)的临床治疗效果。方法收集2008年1月至2017年12月于本院治疗的40例LN患者,应用数字随机表法将其随机分为两组,每组20例。对照组采用环磷酰胺治疗,观察组采用霉酚酸酯治疗,比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应、治疗前后的疾病活动度指数、肾功能指标及肾脏病理指标。结果两组的总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的疾病活动度指数、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白、纤维新月体、白金耳和微血栓差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,与对照组比,观察组的疾病活动度指数、BUN、Scr、24 h尿蛋白和总不良反应发生率均明显降低(P<0.05)。两组患者的纤维新月体、白金耳和微血栓均明显降低,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论霉酚酸酯治疗狼疮性肾炎可以达到与环磷酰胺相当的临床疗效,霉酚酸酯相比于环磷酰胺可以减少患者不良反应,其安全性更加安全可靠。     

膝关节骨关节炎关节镜术及透明质酸关节内注射的疗效观察

目的：通过对35例膝关节骨关节炎（OA）病人的治疗，对疗效及预后进行评估。方法：1998年5月－2000年12月35例膝关节OA论断明确的病人，术前分别进行Kellgren-Lawrence放射学分级及Lysholm膝关节评分，关节镜术及透明质酸关节内注射治疗，术后随访。结果：本组病人疗效优良率为68．57％。绪论：Kellgren-Lawrence放射学诊断标准对于膝关节镜术指征的把握有一定意义。Lysholm膝关节评分在本组病人中相符性较好。提倡对于膝关节骨关节炎病人，尽早进行膝关节镜手术，以阻断骨关节炎的恶性循环，但对于X线片分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级的病人（特别是Ⅳ级），疗效不佳。     

Surgical rehabilitation following ocular chemical injury

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) secondary to chemical ocular burns.

Materials and methods: The charts of 48 eyes of 40 patients with grade 2 or higher chemical injury were evaluated retrospectively. Subjects with follow-up longer than 1 year were included. Medical treatment, surgical correction of abnormalities of ocular adnexial structures, limbal stem cell transplantation from patient’s fellow eye, from living relatives or from cadaveric donor, amniotic membrane transplantation, conjunctival epitheliectomy, chelation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and penetrating keratoplasty were the treatment modalities. Outcome measures were ocular surface stability and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Failure was defined as the appearance of persistent epithelial defect (nonhealing epithelial defect for more than 2 weeks) with progressive corneal conjunctivalization/vascularization and thinning, and also progression of conjunctivalization to the central 6?mm of the cornea in eyes with subsequent keratoplasty.

Results: The mean age of 31 male and 9 female patients were 32.32?±?12.6 years. LSCD was bilateral in 8 cases. The mean follow-up was 77.2?±?35.1 months. The presentations were in acute phase in 37.5%, in subacute phase in 32.5% and in chronic phase in 30% of the patients. Only 13 of 48 (27.1%) eyes obtained sufficient ocular surface stability through medical treatment; however, only 5 of these eyes achieved CDVA of less than 0.7 logMAR. Limbal stem cell transplantation was performed in 26 eyes as conjunctival limbal autograft, living-related conjunctival limbal allograft and keratolimbal allograft or as a combination of these transplantations. At the last visit, 30 eyes (62.5%) had an intact and stable ocular surface. Clear cornea was achieved in 11 (78.6%) of 14 eyes with grade 2 injury, in 9 (60%) of 15 eyes with grade 3 injury, in 5 (50%) of 10 eyes with grade 4 injury, in 1 (16.6%) of 6 eyes with grade 5 injury and in 1 (33.3%) of 3 eyes with grade 6 injury. The CDVA that was 1.66?±?0.99 logMAR initially improved to 0.87?±?0.85 logMAR at the last visit (p?Conclusion: While patients with low-grade chemical injury seem to benefit quite well from the medical treatment, amniotic membrane transplantation, limbal graft transplantation and subsequent keratoplasty; patients with severe injuries seem to be more prone to failure after all of the available treatment modalities.     

Presence of phthalate derivatives in the essential oils of a medicinal plant Achillea tenuifolia

Background

Phthalate, esters of phthalic acid, are mainly applied as plasticizers and cause several human health and environment hazards. The essential oils of Achillea species have attracted a great concern, since several biological activities have been reported from varieties of these medicinal species. On the other side, due to the problems regarding the waste disposal in developing countries, phthalate derivatives can easily release from waste disposal to the water and soil resulting in probable absorption and accumulation by medicinal and dietary plants. As a matter of fact, although the toxicity of phthalate derivatives in human is well-known, food crops and medicinal plants have been exposing to phthalates that can be detected in their extracts and essential oils. Achillea tenuifolia (Compositea) is one of these herbaceous plants with traditional applications which widely growing in Iran.

Finding

The plant root was subjected to hydro-distillation for 4 h using Clevenger type apparatus to obtain its essential oil before and after acid treatment. Both of the hydro-distilled essential oils were analysed by GC-MS method resulted in recognition of their constituent. Phthalate contamination as (1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester (5.4%) and phthalic acid (4.5%), were identified in the first and second extracted oils, respectively.

Conclusion

As a warning, due to the potential role of phthalates to cause reproductive toxicity, disturb of endocrine system and causing cancers, medicinal plants have to be considered through quality control for detection of these compounds.     

HPLC法测定骨康口服液中阿魏酸的含量

目的：建立HPLC测定骨康口服液中阿魏酸的含量测定方法。方法：采用HPLC法测定阿魏酸的含量,Diamonsil C18（4.6mm＆#215;250mm,5μm）为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.085%磷酸溶液（17∶83）,流速1.0ml·min-1,检测波长316nm。结果：阿魏酸在6.205～24.82μg·ml-1呈良好的线性关系（r=1.0000）。回收率为98.22%（RSD 1.4%,n=9）。结论：本法简便,准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,能有效控制骨康口服液的质量。     

Current understandings and perspectives on non-cancer health effects of benzene: A global concern

Objective

Benzene, as a volatile organic compound, is known as one of the main air pollutants in the environment. The aim of this review is to summarize all available evidences on non-cancerous health effects of benzene providing an overview of possible association of exposure to benzene with human chronic diseases, specially, in those regions of the world where benzene concentration is being poorly monitored.

Methodology

A bibliographic search of scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scirus was conducted with key words of “benzene toxic health effects”, “environmental volatile organic compounds”, “diabetes mellitus and environmental pollutants”, “breast cancer and environmental pollution”, “prevalence of lung cancer”, and “diabetes prevalence”. More than 300 peer reviewed papers were examined. Experimental and epidemiologic studies reporting health effects of benzene and volatile organic compounds were included in the study.

Results

Epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that benzene exposure can lead to numerous non-cancerous health effects associated with functional aberration of vital systems in the body like reproductive, immune, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and respiratory.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases have become a health burden of global dimension with special emphasis in regions with poor monitoring over contents of benzene in petrochemicals. Benzene is a well known carcinogen of blood and its components, but the concern of benzene exposure is more than carcinogenicity of blood components and should be evaluated in both epidemiologic and experimental studies. Aspect of interactions and mechanism of toxicity in relation to human general health problems especially endocrine disturbances with particular reference to diabetes, breast and lung cancers should be followed up.     

Ferulic acid: Pharmacological and toxicological aspects

Ferulic acid (FA) belongs to the family of phenolic acids and is very abundant in fruits and vegetables. Over the past years, several studies have shown that FA acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and enhancing the cell stress response through the up-regulation of cytoprotective systems, e.g. heme oxygenase-1, heat shock protein 70, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and the proto-oncogene Akt. Furthermore, FA was shown to inhibit the expression and/or activity of cytotoxic enzymes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspases and cyclooxygenase-2. Based on this evidence, FA has been proposed as a potential treatment for many disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and skin disease. However, despite the great abundance of preclinical research, only a few studies were carried out in humans, the majority of which used foods containing FA, and therefore the clinical efficacy of this mode of administration needs to be further documented. New efforts and resources are needed in clinical research for the complete evaluation of FA therapeutic potential in chronic diseases.     

胃食管反流病合并房颤患者采用盐酸胺碘酮联合艾司奥美拉唑治疗效果及对炎症因子的影响

目的探讨胃食管反流病（GERD）合并心房颤动（房颤）患者采用盐酸胺碘酮联合艾司奥美拉唑治疗后的临床疗效及其对炎症因子水平的影响。 方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院收治的87例GERD合并房颤患者,根据治疗方式的不同,分为对照组（常规治疗的基础上给予盐酸胺碘酮治疗）和研究组（在对照组基础上联合给予艾司奥美拉唑治疗）;2组均接收治疗1个月。采用GERD症状评分、胃食管24 h pH监测、高分辨率食管测压监测来分析2组治疗前后抑酸,胃食管动力及房颤发生的影响及疗效;收集2组患者治疗前后的血液标本,并采用ELISA法检测炎症因子（白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白及肿瘤坏死因子-α）的变化水平。 结果经食管24 h pH监测发现,研究组在GERD症状评分,食管近端弱酸反流（%）、食管近端酸反流（%）及DeMeester评分等指标,与其治疗前和对照组治疗后比较显著降低（P＜0.05）;高分辨率食管测压分析显示,与治疗前和对照组治疗后相比,研究组治疗后显著改善食管上段括约肌（UES）静息压、食管下段括约肌（LES）静息压及食管远端收缩积分（DCI）等指标（P＜0.05）;2组患者治疗后心率以及QT离散度（QTd）水平均显著小于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且研究组治疗后心率水平显著小于对照组治疗后的水平（P＜0.05）;2组患者治疗后动脉血压（收缩压、舒张压）水平均显著低于治疗前（P＜0.05）;治疗后2组炎症因子水平均明显低于治疗前（P＜0.01）,而研究组治疗后炎症因子水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组治疗后疗效明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;而其无效率为显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组总有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。 结论该联合治疗在GERD合并房颤患者的疗效较好,降低炎性因子水平,显著改善症状及房颤的发生。