剖宫产术后患者左旋布比卡因、罗哌卡因与布比卡因混合芬太尼硬膜外镇痛的效应

目的 比较左旋布比卡因、罗哌卡因和布比卡因复合芬太尼用于剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛的效果和副作用。方法 采用随机双盲法,将51例择期行剖宫产术的足月、单胎孕妇分为三组:左旋布比卡因组(L组)、罗哌卡因组(R组)和布比卡因组(B组),每组17例。术后分别采用0.125％左旋布比卡因、0.2％罗哌卡因及0.125％布比卡因复合小剂量芬太尼(2μg·ml-1)行病人自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)。观察各组术后48 h内镇痛效果、运动阻滞程度变化以及恶心呕吐、尿潴留等副作用的发生率。结果 三组产妇术后视觉模拟评分、改良Bromage评分比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。三组产妇对PCEA的非常满意率差异无显著性(L组88.2％,R组76.5％,B组81.3％,P>0.05)。三组不良反应发生率及排气时间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 0.125％左旋布比卡因混合芬太尼(2μg·ml-1)用于产科术后硬膜外镇痛可获得满意的镇痛效果且无明显毒副作用。     

Effect of varying doses of fentanyl with low dose spinal bupivacaine for caesarean delivery in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate haemodynamic stability, perioperative analgesia and neonatal outcome following intrathecal 0.5% bupivacaine 7.5 mg with varying doses of fentanyl, in parturients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Forty-five parturients with pregnancy-induced hypertension scheduled for caesarean section were randomly allocated to receive 7.5 mg bupivacaine with saline 1 mL (group B), fentanyl 10 microg (group Bf10) or fentanyl 20 microg (group Bf20) intrathecally. Heart rate, blood pressure, and sensory block were recorded at regular intervals. Pain, nausea, vomiting, pruritus or any other side effects were sought. Neonatal outcome was assessed using Apgar score and umbilical artery blood gas analysis. Adequate surgical anaesthesia was established in all three groups. There was a statistically significant fall in mean arterial pressure in all three groups within 4-6 min of subarachnoid block (P<0.05), but the decrease in MAP was <20% of baseline in all three groups. Pain and discomfort during surgery were experienced more frequently in group B than in groups Bf10 and Bf20 (P<0.05). Duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in group Bf20 (5.55+/-1.18 h) than in group Bf10 (3.97+/-2.12 h) and group B (3.27+/-1.8 h) (P<0.05). Neonatal outcome was similar in the three groups. Intrathecal fentanyl with low dose bupivacaine provides good surgical anaesthesia and prolongs the duration of analgesia without haemodynamic or neonatal compromise in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension undergoing caesarean delivery.     

布比卡因、罗哌卡因与芬太尼不同配伍用于连续术后硬膜外镇痛安全性探讨

目的探讨布比卡因、罗哌卡因与芬太尼不同配伍用于连续术后硬膜外镇痛的效果、并发症及安全陛。方法1600例行连续术后硬膜外镇痛的患者,按所用镇痛药物配伍不同分为：0．1％布比卡因＋5μg／ml芬太尼组（B组,n=920）和0．2％罗哌卡因＋2μg／ml芬太尼组（R组,n=680）。对两组镇痛效果（视觉模拟评分及患者对镇痛效果的满意度）、并发症和处理措施进行总结分析。结果视觉模拟评分两组无差异（P〉0．05）。患者对镇痛的满意度R组明显高于B组（P〉0．05）。并发症的发生率B组高于R组（P〉0．05）。两组内年龄≥60岁的患者低血压的发生率高于年龄〈60岁者（P〈0．05）;女性患者恶心呕吐的发生率高于男性（P〈0．05）;腰段硬膜外镇痛患者下肢乏力或麻木的发生率明显高于胸段硬膜外镇痛患者（P〈0．05）。结论布比卡因、罗哌卡因与芬太尼不同配伍均可安全有效地用于连续术后硬膜外镇痛,罗哌卡因组并发症较少,并发症的发生与镇痛药物、年龄、性别及硬膜外置管部位有关。     

不同方式氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼术后镇痛效果的比较:前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、对照、平行分组研究

目的 比较不同方式氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于术后镇痛的效果.方法 本研究为前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲、对照、平行分组研究.选择2010年1月至2010年10月择期行骨科、胸外科、肝胆外科等大中型手术的病人,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄14 ～ 91岁,体重35 ～ 95 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组,A组:术毕即刻静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100 mg,然后芬太尼1.0 mg用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,进行PCIA;B组:氟比洛芬酯200 mg+芬太尼0.6 mg用生理盐水配稀释至100 ml,进行PCIA;C组:术毕即刻静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100 mg,氟比洛芬酯200 mg+芬太尼0.6 mg用生理盐水稀释至100 ml进行PCIA.3组背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量2 ml,锁定时间10 min.分别于术毕、术后4、8和24 h时记录静态和动态VAS评分和镇静评分.术后24 h内记录镇痛有效、过度镇静、恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、头晕、嗜睡和呼吸抑制的发生情况.术后24和48 h时随机选择一个中心B组镇痛泵内容物,取样后进行微生物培养试验.结果 共完成2596例,其中A组875例、B组946例、C组775例.与A组比较,B组术毕、术后4、8和24h时静态和动态VAS评分和各时点镇静评分均降低,C组术毕、术后4、8h时静态和动态VAS评分均降低,术后4、8h时镇静评分升高,2组镇痛有效率均升高,B组过度镇静发生率降低,C组过度镇静发生率升高,2组术后恶心和呕吐的发生率降低,C组术后头晕发生率降低(P＜0.05);与B组比较,C组各时点静态和动态VAS评分、镇痛有效率、恶心、呕吐以及瘙痒发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术毕、术后4、8h时镇静评分升高,过度镇静发生率升高,头晕发生率降低(P＜0.05).术后24、48 h时泵内容物标本细菌和真菌培养均为阴性.结论 对于大中型手术病人,氟比洛芬200 mg复合芬太尼0.6 mg PCIA(背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量2 ml,锁定时间10 min)术后镇痛的效果更佳,且不良反应发生几率低.     

东莨菪碱-曲马多-芬太尼复合液用于剖宫产术后镇痛

目的观察静脉东莨菪碱配伍曲马多与芬太尼在剖宫产术后镇痛的临床效果及不良反应。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行剖宫产术病人60例,随机分为东莨菪碱组(S组)和氟哌利多组(D组),每组30例。S组,东莨菪碱0·3mg 曲马多500mg 芬太尼0·5mg;D组,氟哌利多2·5mg 曲马多500mg 芬太尼0·5mg。均以生理盐水配置100ml药袋,静脉给予负荷剂量4ml后连接镇痛泵进行病人自控镇痛(PCA)。术后24、48h行视觉模拟评分(VAS)和镇静评分,并对用药总量、PCA量及不良反应发生情况进行观察比较。结果两组VAS差异无显著意义。D组术后24h用药总量、PCA量和镇静评分均大于术后48h,D组术后24h镇静评分比S组高(P<0·05),不良反应发生率D组明显高于S组。结论东莨菪碱配伍曲马多及芬太尼应用于剖宫产术后镇痛安全有效,不良反应发生率明显低于氟哌利多。     

The effect of bupivacaine with fentanyl temperature on initiation and maintenance of labor epidural analgesia: a randomized controlled study

BackgroundLabor epidural analgesia is highly effective, but can be limited by slow onset and incomplete blockade. The administration of warmed, compared to room temperature, bupivacaine has resulted in more rapid onset epidural anesthesia. We hypothesized that the administration of bupivacaine with fentanyl at 37°C versus 20°C would result in improved initial and ongoing labor epidural analgesia.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, doubled blinded study, 54 nulliparous, laboring women were randomized to receive epidural bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 μg/mL (20 mL initial and 6 mL hourly boluses) at either 37°C or 20°C. Pain verbal rating scores (VRS), sensory level, oral temperature, and side effects were assessed after epidural loading (time 0), at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 min, and at hourly intervals. The primary outcome was the time to achieve initial satisfactory analgesia (VRS ⩽3). Secondary outcomes included ongoing quality of sensory blockade, body temperature and shivering.ResultsThere were no differences between groups in patient demographics, initial pain scores, cervical dilatation, body temperature or mode of delivery. Epidural bupivacaine at 37°C resulted in shorter mean (±SD) analgesic onset time (9.2 ± 4.7 vs. 16.0 ± 10.5 min, P = 0.005) and improved analgesia for the first 15 min after initial bolus (P = 0.001–0.03). Although patient temperature increased during the study (P < 0.01), there were no differences between the groups (P = 0.09). Six (24%) and 10 (40%) patients experienced shivering in the 37°C and 20°C groups, respectively (P = 0.23).ConclusionsThe administration of epidural 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl 2 μg/mL at 37°C versus 20°C resulted in more rapid onset and improved labor analgesia for the first 15 min. There was no evidence of improved ongoing labor analgesia or differences in side effects between groups.     

丙泊酚复合咪唑安定和/或芬太尼在胆道镜操作过程中的镇静作用

目的研究丙泊酚复合咪唑安定和/或芬太尼用于胆道镜操作过程中的镇静效果。方法选择18~65岁行胆道镜的患者90例,随机分为三组:PF组(n=31),首次静注芬太尼0.05 mg+丙泊酚1 mg/kg;PM组(n=29),首次静注咪唑安定2 mg+丙泊酚1 mg/kg;PMF组(n=30),首次静注芬太尼0.05 mg+咪唑安定2 mg+丙泊酚1 mg/kg。各组根据需要追加丙泊酚每次20~30 mg。记录心率、血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、镇静分级,观察患者症状及记忆缺失情况。结果用药后1 min三组患者都能达到满意的镇静效果(镇静分级2~3级);所有患者停药后17 min完全清醒,PF组恢复时间最短(P<0.01),但有21例(67.7%)对操作过程有记忆,只有15例(48.4%)患者对麻醉镇静的方法感到很满意。结论丙泊酚复合咪唑安定和/或芬太尼在胆道镜操作中镇静效果更好,无明显不良反应。     

咪唑安定和芬太尼对依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的影响

目的研究咪唑安定和芬太尼对依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的影响。方法全麻下行择期手术患者128例,根据麻醉诱导用药顺序和剂量的不同随机分为五组:Ⅰ组,咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,22例;Ⅱ组,芬太尼3μg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、咪唑安定0.05mg/kg,24例;Ⅲ组,咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg,32例;Ⅳ组,咪唑安定0.08mg/kg、依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,23例;Ⅴ组(对照组),依托咪酯0.25mg/kg、咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg,27例。在静注依托咪酯后,观察并记录2min内肌阵挛阳性率及发生分级。结果五组肌阵挛阳性率分别为68.18%、41.67%、21.88%、21.74%、59.26%。与Ⅴ组比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌阵挛阳性率及发生分级明显较低(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肌阵挛阳性率及发生分级差异则无统计学意义。结论依次采用咪唑安定、芬太尼、依托咪酯诱导可减低依托咪酯引起的肌阵挛发生。     

阿扎司琼防治芬太尼镇痛病人恶心呕吐的应用时机探讨

目的探讨不同时间给予盐酸阿扎司琼对于腹腔镜下腹部外科手术术后芬太尼静脉镇痛病人的止呕作用。方法120例拟在静吸复合全麻下进行腹腔镜下腹部外科手术并行术后芬太尼镇痛的患者,根据使用静脉注射盐酸阿扎司琼的时间不同,患者被分为A、B、C三组,每组40例。A组是于麻醉前用药,B组是术毕即时用药,C组是术后首次出现恶心、呕吐时用药。观察术后0-8小时,8—16小时,16—24小时,24—48小时4时间段内恶心呕吐的发生情况。结果A、B两组间的恶心呕吐发生率差异没有显著性;C组恶心呕吐总发生率较A、B两组高但16—48小时恶心、呕吐的发生率及程度较C组低,且C组人均止呕药花费最少。结论盐酸阿扎司琼可有效预防和治疗术后恶心、呕吐,以术后首次出现恶心、呕吐时静注盐酸阿扎司琼效价比最高。     

芬太尼抑制七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期间患儿躁动的药效学

目的 探讨芬太尼抑制七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期间患儿躁动的药效学.方法 择期拟行鼻内镜下增殖体刮除术的息儿26例,年龄5～8岁,体重15～30 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.麻醉诱导:吸入8%七氟醚(氧流量6 L/min),静脉注射瑞芬太尼1 μg/kg(经30 s注射完),气管插管后行机械通气,随后静脉注射芬太尼抑制麻醉恢复期间患儿躁动,采用改良的序贯法确定静脉注射芬太尼的剂量.第1例患儿静脉注射芬太尼的剂量为4μg/kg,相邻剂量差值为0.5μg/kg,以患儿苏醒后易激惹且难以安慰作为判断躁动发生的标准.麻醉维持:吸人2%七氟醚(氧流量1 L/min),静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.2μg·kg-1·min-1.术毕停用七氟醚和瑞芬太尼,带气管导管回麻醉恢复室,待患儿苏醒.记录术后4h内患儿躁动、恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等的发生情况及苏醒时间.计算芬太尼抑制50%、95%患儿七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期间躁动的剂量(ED50、ED95)及其95%可信区间.结果 芬太尼抑制七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期间患儿躁动的ED50及其95%可信区间为3.01(2.52～3.40)μg/kg,En95及其95%可信区间为3.81(3.41～6.22)μg/kg.术后4h内未发生明显恶心、呕吐及呼吸抑制.苏醒时间(11.3±2.6)min.结论 芬太尼抑制七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期间患儿躁动的ED50为3.01μg/kg,ED95为3.81μg/kg.