近10年新生儿出生体重变化趋势的分析

目的 探讨新生儿出生体重（NBW）的变化趋势及其与剖宫产率之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析上海市普陀区妇婴保健院1989年至1998年10年间NBW的变化,及不同出生体重儿（低体重儿、正常体重儿和巨大儿）孕妇的分娩方式;并对初次产前检查≤20周至足月分娩的产妇,按NBW的不同分为3组,分析孕妇孕期体质指数（BMI）的增加与NBW之间的关系。结果 10年间NBW呈上升趋势,其中巨大儿的发生率明显增加（P＜0.05）、男婴多于女婴（P＜0.005）。随着NBW的增加,剖宫产率明显上升（P＜0.005）。巨大儿的孕妇其孕期BMI的增加与其它各组相比差异有显著性（P＜0.001）。结论 NBW和孕妇孕期BMI的过度增加是导致巨大儿发生率和剖宫产率上升的重要因素。加强孕妇孕期的膳食指导将是控制NBW、降低剖宫产率的有效手段。     

《伤寒论》治疫方用药规律分析及核心药对治疗COVID-19的作用机制研究

目的 基于数据挖掘分析《伤寒论》疫病治疗相关方剂的用药规律,并利用网络药理学分析核心药对“柴胡-黄芩”治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）的作用机制。以期探讨经方治疗疫病的当代价值。方法 筛选《伤寒论》中治疗疫病的经方,利用R语言等软件对频次、性味归经、相关性、关联规则等用药规律进行分析,并运用网络药理学方法对用药规律中核心药对治疗COVID-19的机制进行探究。用Cytoscape对筛选出的成分及靶点构建“疾病-药物-成分-靶点”网络,将关键靶点导入String数据库进行蛋白相互作用（protein-protein interaction,PPI）网络分析,并在R语言中进行基因本体论（gene ontology,GO）功能分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路分析。结果 纳入《伤寒论》中与疫病相关的方剂61首,共52味中药。前20味高频用药中以温性药、辛味药为主,多归脾、肺经,功效以补气药居多。“柴胡-黄芩”药对相关性最强,5个类聚方为小柴胡汤...     

《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中的指导价值

《伤寒论》六经辨证是在《黄帝内经》六经理论及脏象、经络两学说的基础上发展、完善而得来的,是中医的鼻祖。本文的主要目的是探讨《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中应用价值。IgA肾病又称为原发性肾小球疾病,在我国常见,其整个发病过程可视为从三阳经(太阳、阳明、少阳)转变为三阴经(太阴、少阴及厥阴)。IgA肾病在各经为病,脉症特点并不相同,因此IgA肾病采用六经辨证为指导,判断病情,能够有效防治IgA肾病,对临床具有重要的意义及价值。     

Protroca: A Noninterventional Study on Prophylactic Lipegfilgrastim against Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Nonselected Breast Cancer Patients

BackgroundProtroca evaluated the efficacy and safety of primary and secondary prophylaxis of neutropenia with lipegfilgrastim (Lonquex®) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).Patients and MethodsOf the 255 patients enrolled, 248 patients were evaluable for the intent-to-treat (ITT) and 194 patients for the per-protocol set. Primary and secondary end points after lipegfilgrastim treatment were assessed.ResultsNine patients of the ITT set receiving lipegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis (n = 222) had febrile neutropenia of grade 3–4 (5 patients) or infection of grade 3–4 (4 patients); 1/26 of those receiving secondary prophylaxis had an event. Dose reductions were performed in 9.5% of the patients. Postponement of cancer CT cycles for >3 days occurred in <15% of patients; 10.8% (92/851 AEs) and 8% (2/25 SAEs) of documented adverse events and serious adverse events, respectively, were related to lipegfilgrastim.ConclusionsApplication of lipegfilgrastim was effective as primary and secondary prophylaxis in the prevention of CT-induced neutropenia in breast cancer.     

2020年宁夏新冠疫情期间SARS-CoV-2与常见发热呼吸道病原流行特征比较分析

目的 了解2020年宁夏新冠疫情期间SARS-CoV-2与常见6种发热呼吸道病原的检出情况、流行规律和感染特点,为新冠疫情常态化防控提供理论依据。方法 应用Real time RT-PCR技术对2020年1月20日至2020年2月16日期间宁夏疾病预防控制中心收检的COVID-19筛查样本进行SARS-CoV-2和Flu等常见发热呼吸道病原进行定性检测,并收集各病原阳性患者人口学特征资料。结果 529例COVID-19筛查样本中,SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率为13.23%（70/529）。对COVID-19筛查样本中180份符合条件的FRS病例样本进行6种其他呼吸道病毒病原检测,阳性检出率为12.78%（23/180）,其中检出率较高的病原为Flu和HRSV,阳性率分别为5.00%和2.78%。各时间段内SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率存在两个较为明显的峰值,其他呼吸道病毒总阳性检出率稳中有降。SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率男性和女性差异无统计学意义,41~ 60岁组及60岁以上组阳性率较高,分别为25.00%和24.39%,阳性病例在宁夏五市均有分布,银川市最多;其他呼吸道病原男性检出率显著高于女性,41~ 60岁组阳性率最高,其次为0~20岁组,阳性率分别为33.33%和12.20%,阳性主要集中于银川与中卫两市。结论 在常态下防控新冠疫情的背景下,应加强呼吸道传播病原快速筛查体系的建设以达到精准防控传染病的迫切需求。     

Safety of measles and pertussis-containing vaccines in children with autism spectrum disorders

ObjectivesTo determine whether children aged 4–7 years with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were at increased risk of fever, febrile seizures, or emergency department (ED) visits following measles- or pertussis-containing vaccines compared with children without ASD.MethodsThe study included children born between 1995–2012, aged 4–7 years at vaccination, and members of six healthcare delivery systems within Vaccine Safety Datalink. We conducted self-controlled risk interval analyses comparing rates of outcomes in risk and control intervals within each group defined by ASD status, and then compared outcome rates between children with and without ASD, in risk and control intervals, by estimating difference-in-differences using logistic regressions.ResultsThe study included 14,947 children with ASD and 1,650,041 children without ASD. After measles- or pertussis-containing vaccination, there were no differences in association between children with and without ASD for fever (ratio of rate ratio for measles-containing vaccine = 1.07, 95% CI 0.58–1.96; for pertussis-containing vaccine = 1.16, 95% CI 0.63–2.15) or ED visits (ratio of rate ratio for measles-containing vaccine = 1.11, 95% CI 0.80–1.54; for pertussis-containing vaccine = 0.87, 95% CI 0.59–1.28). Febrile seizures were rare. Pertussis-containing vaccines were associated with small increased risk of febrile seizures in children without ASD.ConclusionChildren with ASD were not at increased risk for fever or ED visits compared with children without ASD following measles- or pertussis-containing vaccines. These results may provide further reassurance that these vaccines are safe for all children, including those with ASD.     

Non-specific effects of BCG and DTP vaccination on infant mortality: An analysis of birth cohorts in Ghana and Tanzania

BackgroundVaccines may induce non-specific effects on survival and health outcomes, in addition to protection against targeted pathogens or disease. Observational evidence suggests that infant Baccillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination may provide non-specific survival benefits, while diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination may increase the risk of mortality. Non-specific vaccine effects have been hypothesized to modify the effect of neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) on mortality.Methods22,955 newborns in Ghana and 31,999 newborns in Tanzania were enrolled in two parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of neonatal vitamin A supplementation from 2010 to 2014 and followed until 1-year of age. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations of BCG and DTP vaccination with infant survival.ResultsBCG vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of infant mortality after controlling for confounders in both countries (Ghana adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38–0.68; Tanzania aHR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.07–0.10). Receiving a DTP vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of death (Ghana aHR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26–0.59; Tanzania aHR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.16–0.22). There was no evidence of interaction between BCG or DTP vaccination status and infant sex or NVAS.ConclusionWe demonstrated that BCG and DTP vaccination were associated with decreased risk of infant mortality in Ghana and Tanzania with no evidence of interaction between DTP or BCG vaccination, NVAS, and infant sex. Our study supports global recommendations on BCG and DTP vaccination and programmatic efforts to ensure all children have access to timely vaccination.Clinical trials registration: Ghana (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000582055) and Tanzania (ANZCTR: ACTRN12610000636055)     

The influence of sodium on growth in infancy

Sodium (Na) is an important growth factor, stimulating cell proliferation and protein synthesis and increasing cell mass. Sodium chloride (NaCl) deprivation inhibits growth, as reflected by reduced body and brain weight, length, muscle and brain protein and RNA content and brain lipid content compared with controls. This is not due to deficiency of other nutrients since control and experimental diets were identical except for NaCl content. Subsequent NaCl supplementation restores growth velocity to control values but does not induce catch-up growth. In humans, salt loss causes growth failure and subsequent salt repletion improves growth. Preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation at birth are renal salt losers in the first 2 weeks of post-natal life and are vulnerable to hyponatraemia. This can be prevented by increasing Na intake, which also produces accelerated weight gain that persists beyond the period of supplementation. Early nutrition in preterm infants can affect subsequent growth and also cognitive function: this is probably multifactorial, but NaCl intake differed substantially between study groups and is likely to be an important factor. The mechanism whereby Na promotes cell growth is not understood, but stimulation of the membrane Na⁺,H⁺-antiporter with alkalinization of the cell interior is a likely possibility.     

A case of infant botulism associated with honey feeding in Italy

A case of infant botulism in a 9 week-old female is described. A strain of C. botulinum type B was isolated from the feces of the baby. The epidemiologic study detected in a sample of home canned honey Clostridium botulinum spores of the same serotype that was isolated from the patient. The honey had been used only to sweeten the pacifier of the baby. This is the first case of infant botulism in Europe linked conclusively to honey.Corresponding author.     

孕妇及新生儿巨细胞病毒感染的分子生物学诊断

目的 :建立套式聚合酶链反应 ( n PCR)检测人巨细胞病毒 ( HCMV)。方法 :建立套式 PCR检测 HCMV DNA,同时结合病毒分离检测临床标本。结果 :在 2 3例新生儿肝炎综合征患儿中 ,10例病毒分离及套式 PCR均阳性 ;1例病毒分离阴性 ,但套式 PCR阳性。对 58例妊娠早期孕妇血标本进行检测 ,套式 PCR阳性率为 9% ,病毒分离阳性率则为 7%。结论 :套式 PCR是一种临床检测HCMV的快速有效手段。