柳州市小学三、四年级学生心理健康与其家庭环境的相关分析

目的：了解三、四年级小学生心理健康状况，探讨小学生心理健康与家庭环境因素关系。方法：采用小学生心理健康诊断测验（MHT）和家庭环境量表（FES）对柳州市四所小学三、四年级1781名小学生的心理健康状况及其家庭环境进行调查。结果：家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教、组织性与心理健康问题因子呈负相关关系；家庭环境中的矛盾性、独立性、成功性、控制性与心理健康问题因子呈正相关关系；多元回归分析发现家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、组织性对三、四年级小学生心理健康有积极影响；家庭环境中的矛盾性、独立性、成功性、道德宗教、控制性对三、四年级小学生心理健康有消极影响。结论：家庭环境对三、四年级小学生心理健康水平有重要影响。     

The influence of clinical problems, age and social support on outcomes for elderly persons referred to regional aged care assessment teams

Abstract Background: Aged Care Assessment Teams (ACATs) have been established throughout Australia during the past seven years. Early studies of their effect have concentrated on their impact on the rate of institutionalisation of disabled elderly, the clinical characteristics of referred cases and the relationship between disability and recommended care plan. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between age, clinical features and social characteristics of AC AT subjects with outcomes at 12 months after assessment. Methods: The examination of an arbitrary sample of persons referred to ACATs over a year by one generalist geriatrician with follow-up of all cases by the three ACATs associated with the study was carried out. All analyses were performed on raw data presented as categorical variables in the form of contingency tables. Results: The sample included 324 subjects who suffered from 2030 clinical problems with a mean of 6.5 per person aged 75 or over and 5.5 for those under 75. Cardiovascular and neurological disease were the commonest source of problems. Study of accommodation outcome at 12 months, for those subjects who survived this period revealed that, in the older group, over 60% of subjects with neurological disease were resident in nursing homes while the majority of all other groups remained in the community, as did two-thirds of those aged under 75. Admission to a nursing home was independent of social support for older subjects with neurological disease, but it played a significant role in those with cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disease. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that for one-year survivors there is an increased likelihood of admission to a nursing home of people aged 75 or over with neurological disease, while those under 75 were more likely to remain at home. The association was independent of whether spouse, family or friends were living with the subject. (Aust NZ J Med 1994; 24: 378–385.)     

银屑病患者心理卫生状况与家庭功能的相关性研究

目的通过对60例银屑病患者的心理卫生状况和其家庭功能进行调查,揭示家庭功能与患者心理状况的关系.方法采用家庭Apqar调查表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行随机问卷调查,将高功能家庭与失职家庭的SCL-90各项的数据进行比较.结果高功能家庭患者的身心问题较低功能家庭的少,高功能家庭的患者能积极地对待疾病和生活,有利于疾病的康复,并提高了生活质量.结论护理人员应做好家属的宣教工作,使家属重视银屑病患者的心理需要,努力去了解患者的心理变化,并给予及时的帮助,以促进患者早日康复.     

How do family practitioners perceive surgery for the morbidly obese?

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the level of knowledge and comfort with bariatric surgery among family practice physicians. METHODS: Surveys were sent to all family practitioners in Connecticut querying the practice type and knowledge of bariatric surgery. The results were analyzed for the prevalence of opinion. RESULTS: Of 620 surveys sent out, 129 (21%) were completed. Of the 129 respondents, 73% were men, aged 31-79 years, and 92% were board certified, with an average of 19 years' experience. The average body mass index of respondents was 26 kg/m2 (range 16-40). Only 4% of respondents had a body mass index >30 kg/m2. Physicians reported a patient obesity rate of 43%. Of the 129 respondents, 88% believed obesity was difficult to control with diet and exercise alone. Only 6% thought obesity was best controlled surgically. Also, 85% of respondents had referred a patient for gastric bypass, although only 57% were comfortable explaining the procedure. The most common reason for refusal to refer was fear of complications and death. Additionally, 55% correctly listed a body mass index of 40 kg/m2 as qualifying for bariatric surgery without comorbidities; 48% identified the mortality rate of surgery as <1%, with 4% of respondents reporting >10%; and 84% were familiar with gastric bypass, 66% with LapBand, 33% with vertical banded gastroplasty, and 5% with duodenal switch. The respondents believed that nausea was the most common side effect, followed by anemia and fatigue. Finally, 53% believed bowel obstruction was common. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that misconceptions about bariatric surgery exist in the family practice community despite the increasing frequency of these procedures. Educational programs need to be designed to assist family practitioners in treating and referring obese patients.     

农村已婚育龄妇女节育措施落实状况调查

<正> 计划生育工作的重点在农村。为了解农村妇女节育措施落实情况,提高节育、避孕率及避孕效果,     

儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 研究儿童感觉统合失调与学习障碍及环境因素的关系。方法 采用感觉统合评定量表和学习障碍(PRS)筛查量表，分别对755名学龄儿童进行检测、分析。结果 感觉统合严重失调率为13．25％；感觉统合正常与失调儿童的学习障碍有统计学差异(P＜0．005)；其中在LD儿童中感觉统合失调率占63．51％；感觉统合失调与母孕期的情绪、是否足月顺产、出生后的喂养方式、居住环境、孩子1岁内有无高热、家长对孩子的态度及期待等因素有关(P＜0．05)。结论 儿童感觉统合失调与环境因素、学习障碍有一定的关系。     

城市社区医疗预防保健人员知识与技能的需求调查

通过对405名城市基层医疗预防保健人员的知识和技能的需求调查看出,面对医学模式的转变,社区居民医疗预防保健需求的不断增长,他们现有的知识和技能已极不适应。2/3以上的人员认为以往所学的知识不够用,较普遍地要求增加预防医学、临床医学等课程的学习,提高疾病诊断、群众工作、组织交往、科研的能力。调查为基层在职医学教育提供了参考依据。     

The Fetal Patient: Coordinated Care for Families

Complete and accurate knowledge is critical to parent decision making for families with complex and/or life-threatening fetal conditions. Comprehensive fetal centers are available to provide multidisciplinary specialized assessment, evaluation, diagnosis, and nondirectional counseling. Interventional option may include fetoscopic procedures, open fetal surgery, and ex utero intrapartum treatment. The nurse coordinator serves as the family and health care provider liaison for arrangement of services and communication of the plan of care.     

A questionnaire examining learning in general practice

Vocational training is a key element of professional development in general practice. Learner-centred approaches to teaching bring a need for greater understanding of the individual learning styles and preferences of trainees. This paper reports the findings of a pilot study undertaken to determine factors that may influence learning among general practice trainees. A questionnaire survey of 261 trainees in six regions in the UK was carried out to explore attitudes to a series of themes identified in semi-structured interviews with trainees at the end of their training. Six distinct subscales were identified using principal components analysis. These are named 'Learning from Patients', 'Openness to Criticism', 'Negative Attitudes', 'Desire for Clear Guidelines', 'Peer Support', and 'Academic Approach'. Males scored significantly higher on 'Academic Approach' (   P < 0.05  ). Each of the subscales reflects themes that permeate the atmosphere of general pratice training. Further work is required to establish relationships between the subscales and the outcomes of learning and to explore the implications for continuing professional development. The questionnaire is an instrument that may prove useful in the future investigation of learning in general practice.