A simple system of intracranial pressure monitoring for use by non-neurosurgeons

A technique is described for intracranial pressure monitoring that can be used in the intensive care unit by doctors with no neurosurgical experience. The system uses the extradural route, thus reducing the risks of intracranial haemorrhage and infection associated with techniques requiring opening of the dura and cannulating the brain.     

Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst: Review of surgical techniques

Extradural arachnoid cysts of the spine are a rare cause of spinal cord and nerve root compression, usually in the mid to lower thoracic spine and at the thoraco-lumbar junction in a posterior position. Local pain and myelopathy occur predominantly in young adults, and MRI reveals a well-demarcated extradural lesion, iso-intense to cerebrospinal fluid. We report a 33-year-old woman with an extradural arachnoid cyst from T11 to L1 and review the surgical techniques reported in the literature.     

Subacute traumatic extradural haematomas of the posterior fossa: a clinicopathological entity of the 5- to 10-year-old child

The subacute form of posterior fossa extradural haematoma, which presents a few days after minor occipital trauma, is a distinct clinicopathological entity that occurs most commonly in the 5-to 10-year-old child. Five cases are presented and the literature is reviewed since the advent of computed tomography.     

合用苦参碱对3，15一二乙酰苯甲酰乌头宁镇痛作用及毒性的影响

苦参碱与３，１５一二乙酰苯甲酰乌头宁（ＤＡＢＡ）合用，对后者的半数致死量（ＬＤ＿（５０））无明显影响，但可明显降低后者的半数有效量（ＥＤ＿（５０）），从而使ＤＡＢＡ的治疗指数（ＬＤ＿（５０）／（ＥＤ＿（５０））由４．２２增至５．３５，扩大了其安全范围。     

Spinal epidural haematoma: report of 11 cases and review of the literature

Spinal epidural haematomas (SEH) are rare; most are caused by trauma, anticoagulant therapy, vascular anomalies, hypertension, blood dyscrasias, epidural anaesthesia or, rarely, spinal surgery. We report 11 cases and review the literature (16 cases). The clinical picture is that of acute spinal cord compression. MRI characteristics are quite specific. On sagittal sections, the SEH appears as a biconvex mass, dorsal to the thecal sac, clearly outlined and with tapering superior and inferior margins. The dura mater is seen as curvilinear low signal separating the haematoma from the cord. Within 24 h of onset, the haematoma is isointense with the cord on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous on T2-weighted images. Later, it gives high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Differential diagnosis must include subdural haematoma, epidural neoplasm and abscess. Complete neurological recovery rapidly follows laminectomy and removal of the clot. In three of our cases, the haematoma resolved spontaneously. MRI is the best examination for diagnostic and follow-up.     

Second stage of labour with or without extradural analgesia

Two groups of parturients who had received selective extradural analgesia were studied. In Group A patients the regional block was allowed to wear off for the second stage of labour whereas in Group B patients' analgesia was maintained throughout labour. The maintenance of selective analgesia was of positive benefit to the mothers. They experienced much less pain, labour was not prolonged, dosage of bupivacaine was not increased, the forceps delivery rate was lower and there were fewer persistent malrotations.     

Effect of Postoperative Extradural Morphine on Lower Urinary Tract Function

The effect of postoperative extradurally administered morphine on lower urinary tract function was studied in female patients undergoing uterine surgery. Urodynamic measurements were made on the day before and on the day after the operation, using a DISA 2-channel carbon dioxide (CO2) cystomictrograph. In ten patients without postoperative urinary retention no changes in cystometry were found during morphine administration, while two patients who developed acute urinary retention had a marked increase in bladder capacity and of detrusor pressure. In contrast, the urethral pressure profile was unchanged in both groups of patients. Intravenously administered naloxone tended to normalize the bladder capacity in the patients with urinary retention. These findings seem to indicate a marked effect in some patients of extradurally administered morphine and the acute urinary retention, following morphine administration, may be treated with naloxone.     

硬脊膜外囊肿的诊断与手术治疗

目的探讨硬脊膜外囊肿的临床表现、诊断、手术治疗效果,方法分别对硬脊膜外囊肿的部位、临床表现、影像学检查和手术治疗方法进行描述。结果7例均采用手术冶疗,术后运动及感觉障碍获得满意恢复,无任何并发症。结论根据临床表现、影像学特征结合病理检查能确立诊断,手术切除囊肿是行之有效的治疗方法。     

蜂毒的初步分离与药理研究

采用sephadex G-50F柱层析及CM-sephadex C-50离子交换柱梯度洗脱法,从峰毒中分出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组分。 全峰毒对小白鼠的LD50为4.32mg/kg(3.91～4.76mg/kg)。全蜂毒对电刺激小白鼠的痛嘶叫反应有明显的抑制作用,2.16mg/kg剂量的抑制率达90％(P<0.05),1.44mg/kg的为55％。全蜂毒及组分Ⅱ的镇痛作用有明显的量—效关系及时—效关系。以小鼠热板法测定的全蜂毒的ED50为1.20mg/kg;组分Ⅱ为1.02mg/kg。1小时起效,5小时达高峰,持续12～48小时。但组分Ⅱ的作用时间较短。全蜂毒明显抑制致炎剂引起的炎症反应(P<0.001)。此作用有量效关系。同时,亦明显抑制化学性致热反应。     

康丽烧烫灵的抗炎镇痛抑菌及化腐生肌作用

目的 观察康丽烧烫灵的抗炎、镇痛、抑菌及化腐生肌作用。方法 抗炎作用采用鸡蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀法及二甲苯致小鼠耳法。镇痛实验用热板法;抑菌实验是将各菌种接于不同浓度受试药培养基上,观察各菌种生长情况;化腐生肌实验是将家兔烫伤后涂抹受试药,观察其愈合情况。结果 康丽烧烫灵抗炎作物这似于肤轻松,镇痛作用介于安痛定与哌替啶之间,对烫伤伤口的愈合作用类似阳性药“美宝”。结论 康丽烧烫灵具有明显的抗炎、镇痛、