浅静脉干及其滋养血管放射自显影动物实验研究

目的：探讨浅静脉干滋养血管在皮瓣存活中的作用。方法：在6头白色家猪的腹部设计以腹壁浅静脉为轴,蒂在近心端的局部皮瓣,按静脉干的处理不同分成实验组（皮瓣内包含浅静脉及其周围组织）和对照组（将浅静脉干及其周围0．5cm内的软组织在蒂部结扎后切断）。用^99mTc标记红细胞,然后ECT检测分析。结果：术后2h实验组与对照组皮瓣蒂部出现少许散在性放射核素影像;术后4h实验组皮瓣中远端出现放射性核素影像,而对照组仅蒂部影像增多;术后6h实验组皮瓣绝大部分区域出现放射性核素显像,对照组皮瓣远端始终末记录到放射性核素影像。结论：浅静脉干及其滋养血管对皮瓣的成活有重要作用。     

槲皮素抑制乳腺癌发生及增殖的实验研究

目的 探讨槲皮素抑制乳腺癌发生及增殖的作用。方法 建立三甲基苯丙蒽（DMBA）诱导的乳腺癌动物模型。79只雌性SD大鼠随机分为A组（DMBA）、B组[DMBA 三苯氰胺（TAMC)],C组（DMBA＋槲皮素）及D组（空白对照）。持续喂养28周,经光镜、电镜观察,抗PCNA及H－ras免疫组化分析。结果 （1）A组大鼠乳腺肿瘤发生率为76．2％,明显高于B组（40．9％）、C组（45．5％）及D组（0％）,P＜0．05;B组与C组相比差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。（2）A组大鼠乳腺癌平均直径2．37cm,明显大于B组（1．82cm)及C组（1．71cm),P＜0．05;B组和C组相比差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。（3）PCNA免疫组化染色显示;A组和B组和C组相比差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）;B组和C组相比差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。（5）H－ras免疫化染色显示;A组与B组和C组比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,B组和C组相比差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论 槲皮素有降低DMBA诱导的SD大鼠乳腺癌发生率及抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其机理可能与抑制ras基因活性、阻抑细胞增殖有关。     

Techniques for experimental heterotopic and orthotopic tracheal transplantations - When to use which model?

BACKGROUND: Different animal models have been developed to study the pathogenesis and treatment of obliterative airway disease (OAD). Here we describe the techniques of heterotopic and orthotopic tracheal transplantations in the rat, comparing the kinetics of systemic host immune response and of histopathologic OAD development. METHODS: Heterotopic and orthotopic tracheal transplantations were performed in both allogeneic (Brown Norway-to-Lewis) and syngeneic (Lewis-to-Lewis) models. Grafts were harvested after 7, 30, and 60 days post-transplant for histologic evaluation and analysis of host cellular and humoral response. RESULTS: Syngeneic tracheal grafts did not develop luminal obliteration and were morphologically indistinguishable from native tracheas. In heterotopic allografts, airway epithelium was rapidly destroyed and OAD progressed with complete luminal occlusion by 30 days. Orthotopic allografts showed enhanced early infiltration (1298+/-45 vs. 674+/-75 cells/high power field, p<0.001) with concomitant greater day 7 luminal narrowing (45+/-6% vs. 14+/-3%, p<0.001). In this model, donor-type BN epithelium (62+/-17%, 21+/-19%, and 1+/-1% on days 7, 30, and 60) was gradually replaced by recipient-type epithelial cells (2+/-4%, 70+/-22%, and 98+/-2%). OAD developed with circular orientation of cells and connective tissue fibers to 45+/-6% obliteration by day 60. Cellular host response, as determined by IFN-gamma-ELISPOT assay (548+/-132 vs. 402+/-197 spots, p=0.046) and anti-donor alloreactive IgM antibody production (2827+/-148 vs. 1565+/-393 mean channel fluorescence, p<0.001) were significantly stronger in rats bearing orthotopic vs. heterotopic allografts. CONCLUSIONS: The orthotopic tracheal transplantation model may be more representative of OAD found in human lung transplant recipients and we therefore encourage the wider use of this model.     

Biocompatibility of Ricinus communis polymer with addition of calcium carbonate compared to titanium. Experimental study in guinea pigs

Objective

The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the difference in inflammatory tissue reaction between the Riccinus communis (castor) polymer with calcium carbonate and the titanium implant is statistically significant.

Methods

Thirty-two Cavia porcellus were allocated into four groups of eight animals each. We implanted the two types of materials in the retroperitoneal space of all the animals. They were euthanized at 7, 20, 30 and 40 days after surgery, and an histological study of the samples was conducted.

Results

All implants showed characteristics of chronic inflammation regardless of the material and timepoint of evaluation. There was no statistically significant difference between Pm+CaCO₃ and Ti with regard to the presence of granulation tissue, tissue congestion, histiocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, giant cells, and fibrosis (P> 0.05).

Conclusion

The castor oil polymer plus calcium carbonate implant was not statistically different from the titanium implant regarding inflammatory tissue reaction.     

太赫兹波对MG-63荷瘤小鼠快速活体成像的实验研究

摘要 [目的]实验研究太赫兹波对人成骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63荷瘤小鼠活体体内恶性肿瘤组织能否显像及其特异性,并探讨太赫兹波技术在骨肉瘤肿瘤组织切除术中的指导作用。[方法]利用华中科技大学光电国家重点实验室连续太赫兹成像系统,进行人成骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63荷瘤小鼠活体的THz波显像,并在活体成像指导下进行瘤体切除术（实验组）与肉眼下行瘤体切除术（对照组）再次检测进行对比,术中取出组织送病理切片;将术后人成骨肉瘤MG-63荷瘤小鼠继续饲养一周后再次行THz波显像。[结果]活体人成骨肉瘤MG-63荷瘤小鼠体内瘤体组织处出现强烈吸收信号,与周围组织差异明显;术后THz波显像及病理切片均显示太赫兹波指导下行瘤体切除术比肉眼下行瘤体切除术更为彻底;继续饲养一周后对照组荷瘤小鼠原位再次复发。[结论]太赫兹波技术能对人成骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63荷瘤小鼠中肿瘤组织特异性显像,且能良好指导手术切除恶性肿瘤组织,有望在临床中应用。     

高职高专口腔医学课程体系改革与探索

泉州医学高等专科学校口腔医学院围绕高职高专口腔医学人才培养目标,开展三年制高职高专口腔医学教学改革研究.根据高职高专口腔医学人才培养目标、口腔医学职业岗位工作需要和口腔助理医师执业资格考试对课程体系进行优化,合理分配课时数,形成基础学科与临床学科点对点的知识链,高度体现口腔医学专业特点,加强学生职业能力培养,突出高职职业教育特点,探索符合基层口腔医疗卫生机构需求的高素质技术技能型口腔医学专业人才的培养途径.通过本次课程改革,充分优化本校口腔医学专业课程体系,提升了人才培养质量,使毕业生毕业后能更好地适应岗位的需求.     

生物医学前沿进展在高等医学教育中的作用与实施策略

近年来生物医学研究发展迅速,生命组学、系统生物学、元基因组学、组织工程与干细胞技术、动物克隆技术等前沿领域的研究成果越来越多地应用于临床实践,使得人类疾病的诊断、治疗和预防方法和方式发生革命性的变化。这种发展必将对高等医学教育产生深刻影响,主要体现在医学人才培养目标的制定、医学课程体系与教学内容的更新、师资提升和教育资源配置等方面。生物医学的快速发展将促使医学教育的课程体系更加开放,基础医学教学内容更前沿,临床医学教学纳入更多新技术、人工智能和信息化等学科内容,同对教师素质和教学资源提出更高要求。     

消化系统疾病整合课程的实践与探讨

【摘要】 为了探索器官系统整合课程的学习在临床医学专业教学中的应用,重庆医药高等专科学校以消化系统为主线,纵向整合基础医学和临床医学知识,形成消化系统疾病整合课程。对比接受整合课程学生与传统课程学生的临床医学综合知识、实践技能考试成绩,实践证明,整合课程被大部分学生接受并表示满意,能提高医学生综合应用知识、分析问题和解决问题的能力,更符合学习规律。但还需不断完善整合教材编写,提升教师教学能力,以满足整合课程教学需要。