血清microRNA-21在食管鳞状细胞癌中表达的临床意义

目的 探讨食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）患者血清中外核体microRNA-21（miRNA-21）表达水平的临床意义.方法 从51例ESCC患者（ESCC组）血清中分离出外核体,提取总RNA,通过实时定量PCR技术检测miRNA-21的表达情况.以良性病变且无全身性炎性反应的41例患者作为对照组.结果 ESCC组患者血清中外核体miRNA-21表达水平明显高于对照组患者（P〈0.01）,而在已去除外核体的剩余血清中检测不到miRNA-21.ESCC患者血清外核体能在体外诱导食管鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖.外核体miRNA-21高表达亚组中年龄≥68岁患者比例、T3/T4型比例、III/IV期患者比例明显高于低表达亚组,而发生癌症转移患者的比例明显降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.结论 ESCC患者血清中外核体miRNA-21表达明显上调,外核体miRNA-21表达水平与肿瘤进展和侵袭性密切相关,提示外核体miRNA-21可能是肿瘤治疗的一个有效靶标.     

负载乳腺癌抗原的脐血树突细胞外泌体抗肿瘤免疫作用

目的:探讨负载乳腺癌抗原的人脐带血树突状细胞(DCs)分泌的外泌体的抗肿瘤免疫效应。方法:提取新鲜脐血单个核细胞,体外诱导分化为DCs,提取乳腺癌细胞MCF-7肿瘤抗原,并冲击脐血DCs,加入LPS诱导其成熟,利用流式细胞仪检测表型;超速离心法收获负载抗原的脐血DC外泌体;MTT法检测外泌体诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖反应及其激活的CTL对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效应。结果:脐血DC表面标志CD34、CD80、CD86、CD11c阳性细胞数与新鲜脐血单个核细胞相比明显增加(P<0.05);Western-Blot结果显示,负载乳腺癌的脐血DC外泌体携带有MHC-Ⅱ类、CD40、CD80、CD86分子;成熟脐血DC组及负载乳腺癌抗原脐血DC外泌体对同种异体来源的T细胞均有明显促增殖作用;负载乳腺癌抗原的脐血DC及其外泌体激活的CTL均能对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7产生显著地杀伤作用(P<0.05)。且在效靶比100∶1时,外泌体的杀伤作用高于负载抗原的脐血DC(P<0.05)。结论:负载乳腺癌抗原脐血DC分泌大量外泌体,可促进同种异体T细胞增殖,并能诱导特异性抗乳腺癌的免疫效应。     

血浆外泌体circRNA诊断HCC联合检测模型的建立与验证

目的 寻找在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中差异表达的环状RNA(circRNA)并探讨其对HCC的诊断价值.方法 选取行根治性切除术的HCC患者256例(HCC组),其中发现集25例、训练集126例、验证集105例;乙型肝炎相关肝硬化患者100例(肝硬化组),其中训练集50例、验证集50例;健康体检者125名(正常对照组),其...     

Effect of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine on immune-associated proteins in exosomes from hepatoma

AIM: To study the effect of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), human leucocyte antigen-Ⅰ (HLA-Ⅰ) and NY-ESO-1 proteins in exosomes produced by hepatoma cells, HepG2 and Hep3B. METHODS: Exosomes derived from HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with or without 5-aza-CdR were isolated and purified by ultrafiltration centrifugation and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The number of exosomes was counted under electron microscope. Concentration of proteins in exosomes was measured...     

Exosome-like vesicles in Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii venom

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30–100 nm) with an endosome-derived limiting membrane that are secreted by a diverse range of cell types. We provide here the first evidence for the presence of exosome-like vesicles in snake venom. We isolated vesicles from fresh venom from Gloydius blomhoffii blomhoffii by gel-filtration. We found that the vesicles showed a typical exosome-like size and morphology as analyzed by electron microscopy. We observed that the vesicles contained dipeptidyl peptidase IV, aminopeptidase A, ecto-5′-nucleotidase and actin. Vesicle preparations truncated bioactive peptides such as angiotensin II, substance P, cholecystokinin-octapeptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1. The role of these vesicles is still unknown, but they may affect blood pressure and glucose homeostasis following envenomation.     

Participation of local exosomes of acupoints in the initiation of acupuncture analgesic effect

Objective

To investigate the local initiation role of local exosomes of acupoints in acupuncture analgesic effect.

外泌体在肿瘤转移调控中的研究进展

恶性肿瘤是当今时代威胁人类健康的头号杀手。肿瘤转移是恶性肿瘤的主要特征,是癌症治疗失败和癌症患者死亡的首要原因,其分子机制复杂,涉及多步骤、多阶段、多基因的变化。外泌体是由活细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡小体,其内含有丰富的蛋白质、miRNA、lncRNA等成分,可在细胞间转运从而调节细胞的生物学功能。研究显示外泌体与肿瘤的转移密切相关,可通过促进肿瘤血管生成,影响肿瘤转移前微环境形成,调节机体免疫功能等方式调控肿瘤转移。本文将从外泌体主要成分入手对外泌体在肿瘤转移调控中的最新研究进展进行综述。     

外泌体中circ_0044366调控肿瘤相关成纤维细胞MMP2的表达促进结直肠癌转移的机制研究

背景与目的:结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一,大量研究发现,环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)作为miRNA分子海绵参与CRC细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡等病理生理学过程,circRNA/miRNA/靶基因/靶蛋白轴可能是CRC发生的重要原因之一.探...     

Tumor-associated Exosomes Are Involved in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenesis,Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a challenging disease worldwide. There are still limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and its high metastatic capacity and high recurrence rate are the main reasons for its poor prognosis. The ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to transfer functionally-active substances and their widespread presence in almost all body fluids suggest their unprecedented potential in the study of various cancers. The unique physicochemical properties of EVs determine their potential as antitumor vaccines and drug carriers. In the last decade, the study of EVs in HCC has evolved from a single hot topic to a system with considerable scale. This paper summarizes the role of EVs, especially exosomes, in the occurrence, metastasis and tumor immunity of HCC, reviews their applications in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, describes the pros and cons of these studies, and looks forward towards the future research directions of EVs in HCC.