A neuronal gene mutation that kills glia

Kalina MA, Kalina‐Faska B, Paprocka J, Jamroz E, Pyrkosz A, Marsza? E, Ma?ecka‐Tendera E. Do children with Adams‐Oliver syndrome require endocrine follow‐up? New information on the phenotype and management. Adams‐Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare genetic condition in which the main diagnostic criteria are terminal transverse limb defects and aplasia cutis congenita. Within the spectra of the clinical phenotype of AOS, anthropometric abnormalities have also been reported. We present growth pattern along with hormonal assays in three patients with AOS, one being treated with growth hormone (GH). In Patient 1 (a boy, age 1.9 years), with delayed psychomotor development, epilepsy, deficits of body mass and height, cryptorchidism, low insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) levels were found and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hypoplasia of midline structures of the central nervous system (CNS). In Patient 2 (a girl, age 3.6 years) no significant abnormalities in development, body mass, height or neuroimaging were found. In Patient 3 (a girl, age 8.2 years), with delayed psychomotor development and short stature, low IGF‐1 levels and partial GH deficiency were found; MRI revealed small pituitary and polymicrogyria. The girl started GH treatment, improving height velocity and gross coordination. Based on these observations, it seems that intensity of auxologic and hormonal deficits in children with AOS is associated with CNS lesions. Hence, there are indications for neuroimaging and interdisciplinary follow‐up of psychomotor development, growth and puberty in this subset of patients with AOS.     

Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucommia ulmoides</Emphasis> Oliver leaf extract on 3T3-L1 differentiation into adipocytes

The extract prepared from roasted Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaves, Du-Zhong tea, was examined to explore its effect on differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells into adipocytes. The boiling water extract of Du-Zhong tea inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1. The HPLC analysis of the extract identified catechin, protocatechuic acid, pyrogallol, and chlorogenic acid. Catechin weakly inhibited lipid accumulation after 3T3-L1 differentiation, while protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid showed almost no effect. The activity guided separation of Du-Zhong tea lead the isolation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF). HMF inhibited lipid accumulation at a concentration of 100 M, and the amount of lipid in the cells was reduced to the similar level of negative control. This is the first isolation of HMF from Du-Zhong tea and the first observation of its effect on 3T3-L1 differentiation.     

杜仲扦插繁殖技术研究

通过杜仲的扦插繁殖试验，结果认为：在北京地区最适宜的扦插期是5月下旬至7月中旬；成年树插穗的成活率很低，一般在20％以下，2年生幼树插穗成话率可达60％；外源生长素对诱发插穗不定根生长效果显著，其中NAA50μg／mL处理20年生成树的当年生枝条，最高成活率可达68％，根系生长茂密。     

杜仲种子的多倍体诱导研究

目的:改良杜仲现有品种,增加其药用成分含量,丰富遗传育种资源。方法:采用不同浓度的秋水仙素溶液对杜仲种子进行不同时间的诱导。结果:经植物形态学和染色体数检测,诱导后的材料具有明显的多倍体特征。结论:杜仲种子用0.4%的秋水仙素溶液处理48h和用浓度为0.8%的秋水仙素溶液处理24h,其诱导率都较高。但从降低生产成本来考虑,我们建议在对杜仲种子进行多倍体诱导时应选择0.4%的秋水仙素溶液诱导48h。     

Ameliorative effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves extract (ELE) on insulin resistance and abnormal perivascular innervation in fructose-drinking rats

Aim of the study

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaf is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits an anti-diabetic action. This study was designed to investigate whether long-term administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves extract (ELE) ameliorates pre-diabetic state of insulin resistance and abnormal perivascular innervation in the hyperinsulinemic state.

Materials and methods

ELE at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg was administered orally once daily for 4 weeks in fructose-drinking rats (FDRs). Plasma levels of insulin, blood glucose levels, and perivascular innervation were assessed using biochemical and immunohistochemical methods.

Results

FDR showed significant increase in plasma levels of insulin, an index for insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment ratio—HOMA-IR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), but not blood glucose levels, as compared with control rats. Immunohistochemical study showed significantly greater density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactivity (LI)-containing nerves and significantly lower density of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-LI-containing nerves in mesenteric arteries of FDR than those in control. A 4-week treatment with ELE (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased plasma levels of insulin and HOMA-IR without affecting blood glucose levels and significantly lowered SBP in FDR. ELE treatment in FDR resulted in significant increase in CGRP-LI never fiber density and significant decrease in TH-LI never fiber density in mesenteric arteries of FDR.

Conclusions

These results suggest that long-term ELE treatment effectively prevents insulin resistance development and ameliorates abnormal perivascular innervation in FDR.     

盐杜仲饮片质量标准研究

目的:制定盐杜仲饮片的质量标准。方法:分别测定盐杜仲饮片水分、总灰分及醇溶性浸出物,对薄层色谱法及HPLC色谱法进行研究。结果:得到不同产地13批次盐杜仲饮片的水分、总灰分和醇溶性浸出物测定。结果:同时确定了薄层鉴别和HPLC含量测定的方法。结论:制定了盐杜仲饮片的质量控制标准。     

杜仲极细粉与传统饮片有效成分溶出行为及大鼠药动学比较研究

目的:研究杜仲Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.极细粉与传统饮片的体外溶出度及其在大鼠体内的生物利用度,揭示杜仲极细粉碎后主要活性成分的体内外溶出的变化,为杜仲极细粉的质量标准的制定提供科学依据。方法:激光粒度分析仪测定杜仲极细粉的粒径;HPLC法测定杜仲极细粉与传统饮片有效成分在不同溶出介质中溶出度。UPLC-MS/MS测定杜仲京尼平苷酸的血药浓度变化。结果:杜仲极细粉有效成分溶出总量都显著高于杜仲传统饮片(P<0.05),杜仲传统饮片有效成分的溶出度和溶出速率均低于极细粉(P<0.05)。京尼平苷酸在大鼠体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合二室模型,权重为1,高剂量极细粉组和高剂量水煎液组的主要药动学参数为MRT(0-t)=(241.498±20.678)min和(135.084±13.571)min;Tmax=(132±26.833)min和(65±12.247)min;Cmax=(231.8±80.111)μg/L和(435.167±208.696)μg/L;AUC(0-t)=(61 947.696±27 073.105)μg/(L·min)和(63 212.803±31 981.087)μg/(L·min);AUC(0-∞)=(62 327.808±27 079.977)μg/(L·min)和(63 910.596±31 686.357)μg/(L·min)。结论:杜仲极细粉碎后能显著增加有效成分的溶出度和显著提高有效成分的溶出速率,且可以增加京尼平苷酸在大鼠体内的停留时间。杜仲传统饮片制备成极细粉具备可行性。     

The wide spectrum of clinical expression in Adams–Oliver syndrome: a report of two cases

Two children are described with the combination of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and transverse limb defects known as Adams-Oliver syndrome. Whereas in the first child the typical features of ACC, syndactyly and transverse nail dystrophy were only mildly expressed and associated defects of the central nervous system and cardiac malformations were absent, the second child suffered from a very severe expression of the syndrome, with a combination of ACC, syndactyly, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and multiple cardiac and central nervous system malformations which resulted in fatal central respiratory insufficiency.     

杜仲叶提取物微胶囊化研究

目的：探讨杜仲叶提取物微胶囊化壁材选取及最佳配比工艺研究。方法：选用阿拉伯胶和β-环状糊精（1：1）做为杜仲叶提取物的微胶囊壁材,利用喷雾干燥进行微胶囊化。结果：阿拉伯胶和β-环状糊精（1：1）做为杜仲叶提取物的微胶囊壁材,微胶囊化能达到较好的效果,芯材与壁材的最佳配比为0．1g／g。     

杜仲胚轴、子叶直接诱导不定芽及再生体系的建立

目的探索杜仲胚轴、子叶不定芽诱导条件,建立杜仲再生体系。方法分别以杜仲种胚、胚轴切段、子叶切段、芽为外植体,将它们接种到一系列含有不同激素质量浓度的培养基中。结果在外植体的选择上,胚轴优于子叶。对于杜仲胚轴的伸长生长,以MS培养基附加2.0mg/LGA效果最好。在含有0.1mg/LNAA及0.8mg/L6-BA的MS培养基中,杜仲胚轴可直接诱导产生不定芽,诱导率达到47%。在壮芽及生根培养中,分别采用附加1.0mg/L6-BA、0.1mg/LNAA的MS培养基及附加1.5mg/LIBA、20mg/L蔗糖的1/2MS培养基效果最好,经28、14d,芽苗生长系数及生根率分别达到2.48和91.7%。结论建立了稳定高效的杜仲再生体系,为外源基因导入杜仲奠定了基础。