佛山口岸2002～2005年进境集装箱卫生检疫工作质量分析与探讨

目的通过掌握佛山口岸进出境集装箱卫生检疫查验结果,对集装箱卫生监管情况进行分析,探讨管理新模式。方法对2002-2005年佛山口岸进境集装箱报检查验资料进行整理分析。结果2002-2005年佛山口岸共受理出入境集装箱报检1 550 565个标箱,集装箱检疫呈现出逐年稳定增长的良好势头,但在检疫查验过程中发现集装箱卫生状况还不够理想。结论今后在集装箱检验检疫工作中不断改进,采取有效措施,防止公共卫生危害通过集装箱传入。     

2002-2005年湖南省某市吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测报告

目的了解湖南省某市吸毒人群中HIV流行趋势及其行为变化,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2002~2005年湖南省某市吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测资料进行分析。结果2002~2005年湖南省某市吸毒人群中注射吸毒比例波动在87.41%~95.79%之间,共用注射器的比例从2002年的86.71%下降到2005年的75.71%,HIV感染率从2002年的11.89%上升到2004年的21.79%,最后一次使用安全套比例徘徊在20.28%~34.58%之间。结论湖南省某市吸毒人群中注射吸毒比例高,共用注射器现象严重,安全套使用率低,是当地艾滋病快速流行的主要原因。进一步加强对吸毒人群的健康教育和行为干预是今后艾滋病防治工作的重点。     

湘江株洲城区段水质监测、评价及污染因素调查分析

目的通过对湘江株洲段水质监测及污染因素调查,为保护湘江水体卫生提供依据。方法选择湘江株洲段上缘、下缘及距下缘5km处分别布三个监测点。在丰水期和枯水期每期监测两次,每次取湘江左岸、江中、右岸水样共计36个水样,按国家统一水质检测方法检测污染物。结果株洲在经过一定的环保措施后,水质状况有好转,但目前仍有污染,特别是镉、挥发酚、汞、砷超标率高,分别为2.64%、2.28%、1.36%、0.86%,主要污染来源仍为工业废水。并且与江中采砂搅动江底污泥、医院污水排放、生产、生活用水排放有关。另外,清除城镇污沟、清洗含毒物质用具可导致突发性污染。结论今后须加强对广大民众保护水资源卫生的宣传教育,并从根本上解决废水处理。     

广西人体华支睾吸虫病流行现状与对策

目的了解广西华支睾吸虫病流行现状,提出适合其流行特点的对策。方法采用改良醛醚法或Kato-Katz法调查人群感染率;收集广西两次全国人体寄生虫调查数据及其他既往资料作回顾性分析。结果广西华支睾吸虫病流行区在扩大,人群感染率在升高,感染度在加重。全区89个县市中59个有本病,比1994年增加了14个县市;全省14个地级市中13个市的城区有本病流行;2002年调查9个流行县市感染率为9.76%,中重度感染所占比例达52.2%。7县18个调查点中,本虫已成为优势寄生虫虫种。提出了“成瘾型”流行区华支睾吸虫病的防制对策。结论广西华支睾吸虫病流行有蔓延、加重的趋势,应采取相应对策加以控制。     

深圳市龙岗区流动人口疟疾流行病学分析

目的：分析深圳市龙岗区流动人口疟疾流行状况,为制定疟疾预防控制措施提供依据.方法：用回顾性流行病学研究方法对深圳市龙岗区1993～2003年外来流动人口疟疾流行情况进行分析.结果：10年间流动人口疟疾发病3 027例,占全区病例数的58.82%.疟疾发病有明显的季节性和地方聚集性.患者年龄主要为15～60岁,职业以种养、打石、烧砖、建筑为主.暴发流行主要与存在传疟媒介,外来民工居住场所蚊虫孳生地多,民工缺乏自我保护意识等因素有关.结论：流动人口是引发深圳市龙岗区疟疾流行的主要原因.     

Surveillance for work-related hearing loss in the UK: OSSA and OPRA 1997-2000

Surveillance data on occupational audiological disorders have been collected by the Occupational Surveillance Scheme for Audiological Physicians (OSSA) since October 1997 and by the Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity (OPRA) from January 1996. During the 3 years ending in September 2000, a total of 1620 new cases were received from consultant audiological physicians; 988 new cases were estimated from reports by occupational physicians in the period from October 1997 to September 2000. The annual incidence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) was 1.94 and 1.23 per 100 000 workers for the OSSA and OPRA schemes, respectively. The median age at diagnosis with NIHL was 59 years in OSSA reports and 50 years in OPRA; nearly all cases were seen in men (95.6 and 92.5% male cases for OSSA and OPRA, respectively). High incidence rates based on OSSA reports were seen in foundry labourers (64.0 per 100 000 employed), coal gas and coke oven furnace workers (54.6), workers in transport and communication (43.1), metal workers (31.3), and members of the armed forces (28.3). Data from occupational physicians point to high rates in sawyers and woodworking machinists, metal furnace workers, coach and carriage builders, maintenance fitters, and engineering labourers. Among workers aged < or =45 years, those in manufacturing and the armed forces were prominent. The long latency of occupational hearing loss makes surveillance difficult, but consistent patterns in occupational risk suggest targets for preventive efforts.     

Assessing the quality of preschool child health surveillance in primary care: a pilot study in one health district

OBJECTIVE: To develop a framework for measuring the quality of preschool child health surveillance acceptable to primary health care teams and measurable at individual primary health care team level. DESIGN: Published research evidence was identified and criteria developed by a local multidisciplinary expert group. The criteria were discussed with primary health care teams. How well they were achieved was assessed. SETTING: Twenty-eight general practices in one health authority area. METHODS: Data collection included observation of baby clinics, interviews with health visitors and general practitioners (GPs), questionnaires to parents, collation of child health surveillance reviews recorded in personal child health records and immunization rates. RESULTS: The criteria for assessing preschool child health surveillance were thought to be acceptable and achievable by primary health care teams. Fifteen of the 22 criteria used to assess baby clinics were met by over 90 of practices. Almost all practices completed child health surveillance reviews within a standard time and achieved 90 coverage for primary immunizations. At many practices, less than 90 of parents felt welcome at the baby clinic, usually had enough time to talk to their health visitor or had the purpose or results of the 6 to 8 week child health surveillance review explained to them. GPs were less likely than health visitors to discuss health promotion at child health surveillance reviews (chi(2) 11.52, P = 0.0007). Few practices had a call-up and recall system for all reviews. CONCLUSION: The framework that we developed for assessing preschool child health surveillance was acceptable and achievable by primary health care teams.     

临沂市1995～2000年性病流行特征分析

目的 了解临沂市近几年性传播疾病(STD)发生、发展及流行规律,为制定控制性病的对策提供科学依据。方法 对1995～2000年的3658例STD患者进行回顾性分析。结果 其中淋病病例最多1635例,占44.70％;非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU,741例,占20.26％;尖锐湿疣595例,占16.26％;梅毒408例,占11.15％。男女之比为1.24:1。20～39岁年龄组病例数最多,占77.72％。从职业分布看,以工人、农民、商业服务、个体户病例数最多。流动病例数高于本地病例数。从婚姻状况看,已婚病例数最多,占65.01％。结论 加强性病疫情监测,普及性病知识,开展健康教育,有效控制性病的蔓延。     

临沂市2004年部分健康人群流脑免疫水平检测

[目的]了解临沂市健康人群流脑免疫水平,掌握流脑流行趋势.[方法]2004年,对临沂市兰山区部分健康人群进行流脑抗体水平检测.[结果]合格采样216人,流脑A群、C群抗体阳性率分别为97.69%,86.57%,GMT分别为1：22.48、1：11.03.[结论]临沂市健康人群流脑A群、C群抗体阳性率、GMT均较高,极有可能存在C群流脑菌的自然感染.