4个铁路区段提速列车噪声影响调查

为探讨提速列车噪声对铁路两侧环境及居民健康影响,依据声源,环境噪声等固定标准,对４个铁路运行区段进行了调查。     

In vitro tests for essential sperm functions using the phyto-oestrogen genistein as a test substance

Sperm motility, binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida and induction of the acrosome reaction are prerequisites for successful oocyte fertilization. Examination of the physiological and nonphysiological effects of particular compounds on sperm functions requires high-quality in vitro test systems. In this short methodological overview, a reliable combined in vitro test system with bovine gametes is described. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether aliquots of pooled post-thaw spermatozoa are suitable for examination of environmental substances that affect essential sperm functions. The combined test system includes a number of known methods for the assessment of sperm vitality and motion parameters, acrosomal status, inducibility of acrosome reaction and sperm zona pellucida binding. First observations indicate that genistein inhibits the induction of acrosomal exocytosis and binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. Motility parameters and the viability of bovine spermatozoa were not affected by this substance. It is concluded that genistein, a phyto-oestrogen which is abundant in several plants, can be used as a test substance for the evaluation of effects upon essential bovine sperm functions in vitro.     

列车环境与旅客精神障碍关系的研究

为探明列车环境与旅客精神障碍的关系，作者对旅客精神障碍的发生及其所乘列车的环境因子进行了现场调查和监测，结果显示：９７％的患者是在超员状态发病的，车厢空气中的ＣＯ２平均值为０．２２６ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，旅客精神障碍的发病率随车厢人均容积的缩小而呈几何性增高，环境中的低气压，低气流及相对偏高的气温，气湿对旅客精神障碍的发生有共同促进作用（Ｒ＝０．９５３１），由此认为：严重超员造成的旅行环境恶化是诱发旅客精     

Violence in the Schools: Clinical Issues and Case Analysis for High-Risk Children

School violence in rural communities has gained considerable attention nationally. Examined are theoretical considerations involving escape theory, the risk and protective factors for school violence, case analyses of recent case studies, and discussion of recent school violence involving fatal injuries to others. Also discussed are diagnostic issues in understanding children who are at-risk for school violence and ways school violence maybe managed in the schools. Suggestions and recommendations including recommendations provided by the National School Safety Center for school personnel are offered, as are steps to be taken in creating a safe school environment. This information may be helpful to child psychiatry and clinical personnel who provide services to school aged children.     

廊坊师范学院432名大学生生命质量调查分析

目的了解师范大学生生命质量的特点,以便提出相应干预建议.方法采用回顾性研究方法,参照世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表,制定生命质量问卷,对廊坊师范学院432名大学生进行生命质量无记名问卷调查.结果在满分为5分的调查中,心理方面男、女大学生得分分别是3.25和3.39分,差异有显著性(P<0.05);对环境的满意度方面男、女大学生得分均较低,都在3分以下;独立性方面男生较低,男、女大学生的平均得分为2.92和3.40分,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);综合得分方面男、女平均的分为3.51和3.50分,差异无显著性.结论男女大学生的生命质量存在不同特点,应进行针对性干预,以提高师范大学生生命质量.     

试论我国生物医药的发展环境

目的:探讨适合我国生物医药的发展环境。方法:结合我国生物医药的特点,分析适合我国生物医药发展的政策环境、法律环境、金融环境和信息环境。结果与结论:为推动我国生物医药的发展进程,必须不断完善我国生物医药的研发、成果转让、专利申请与注册审批、产业化、人力资源管理、上市销售及国际合作等政策,并优化生物医药发展的法律环境、金融环境和信息环境。     

2型糖尿病与遗传和环境因素相互关系的研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病与遗传和环境因素的相互关系。方法 对江苏省1997年糖尿病流行病学调查中,筛选出的2型糖尿病患者154例及与其性别、年龄构成相近的正常人群对照130例进行单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果 年龄、糖尿病阳性家族史、高血压史、腰臀比大、收缩压、女性巨大胎儿史及β3－肾上腺素能受体基因为异是2型糖尿病的危险因素,职业性体力劳动是其保护因素;遗传因素与肥胖、β3－肾上腺素能受体基因变异等危险因素共同存在时,糖尿病的发病危害性（OR）将明显增加。结论 2型糖尿病是遗传因素与环境因素共同作用的结果。     

Perceptions of environmental opportunities for physical activity in the European Union

Summary Objectives:This article is the last in a series of four that present data about physical activity in 15 members states of the European Union collected by the Eurobarometer 58.2. The focus of this article is on the perception of environmental opportunities for physical activity across the European Union. Methods:Data were collected in 2002 as part of the Eurobarometer by face-to-face interviews. A total of 16230 respondents age 15 years and older were interviewed. Sample sizes ranged about 1000 respondents in most nations. Physical activity was assessed with the last 7-days short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results:Results indicate relationships between the perceptions of environmental opportunities; gross household income and physical activity level (in MET-hours/per week) of respondents. Respondents who reported lower income and less physical activity had also more negative perceptions of environmental opportunities. Across nations, respondents in Denmark, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Western Germany had the highest satisfaction with environmental opportunities for physical activity. In some nations, positive correlations between the perception of environmental opportunities and physical activity levels could be observed. Conclusions:Results show variations in the perception of environmental opportunities across the EU. Overall, the majority of respondents rated their environmental opportunities for physical activity favourable.     

北京周口店地区环境硒含量及居民血清硒水平分析

目的调查北京周口店地区环境硒含量及居民血清硒水平,并探讨血清硒水平与健康状况的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法从北京周口店地区选取401名研究对象,进行问卷调查、体格体检和常规血生化测定。从该地区采集土壤、饮用水和粮食样本,采用气相色谱法对样本中的硒含量进行测定。应用 SPSS11.5软件对数据进行分析。结果土壤、饮用水、大米和面粉的硒含量分别为:(0.210±0.013)μg/g,(0.017±0.002)μg/L,(0.034±0.002)μg/g 和(0.034±0.012)μg/g。人群血清硒含量为(75.01±28.35)μg/L。血清硒水平与体质指数、总胆固醇水平呈正相关(β=0.137,P=0.011;β=0.785,P=0.000);与收缩压、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平呈负相关(β=-0.172,P=0.023;β=-0.170,P=0.007;β=-0.121,P=0.027;β=-0.568,P=0.027)。结论北京周口店地区环境呈低硒状态,当地居民普遍存在缺硒问题,血清硒水平与体质指数、收缩压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平等有关。     

Metabolomics-based comparative analysis of the effects of host and environment on Viscum coloratum metabolites and antioxidative activities

Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai is a well-known medicinal hemiparasite widely distributed in Asia. The synthesis and accumulation of its metabolites are affected by both environmental factors and the host plants, while the latter of which is usually overlooked. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of host and habitat on the metabolites in V. coloratum through multiple chemical and biological approaches. The metabolite profile of V. coloratum harvested from three different host plants in two habitats were determined by multiple chemical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The differences in antioxidant efficacy of V. coloratum were determined based on multiple in vitro models. The multivariate statistical analysis and data fusion strategy were applied to analyze the differences in metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of V. coloratum. Results indicated that the metabolite profile obtained by various chemical approaches was simultaneously affected by host and environment factors, and the environment plays a key role. Meanwhile, three main differential metabolites between two environment groups were identified. The results of antioxidant assay indicated that the environment has greater effects on the biological activity of V. coloratum than the host. Therefore, we conclude that the integration of various chemical and biological approaches combined with multivariate statistical and data fusion analysis, which can determine the influences of host plant and habitat on the metabolites, is a powerful strategy to control the quality of semi-parasitic herbal medicine.