精细化护理在重症颅脑损伤患者肠内营养中的应用

目的 研究重症颅脑损伤患者肠内营养中运用精细化护理的临床干预效果。方法 共选取医院在2019年1月—2020年10月收治的50例重症颅脑损伤患者作为主要研究对象,所有患者均行肠内营养支持。用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组25例。对照组行常规护理,观察组行精细化护理,比较两种护理模式对营养学指标、并发症发生率、GCS评分、生活质量以及患者满意度产生影响的异同。结果 经护理后,两组患者血清白蛋白、血红蛋白和总蛋白均显著高于护理前,且观察组护理后的血清白蛋白、血红蛋白和总蛋白均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;观察组和对照组相比患者的并发症发生率相对较低,两组相比差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;护理后两组的GCS评分均明显高于护理前,且观察组护理后的GCS评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;观察组护理后患者的生活质量与对照组相比更高,并且患者对于护理工作的整体满意度也较对照组高,并且两项指标的比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 重症颅脑损伤患者肠内营养中运用精细化护理有利于改善机体营养状态,降低并发症的发生风险,降低...     

Impact of Dietitian-Led Nutrition Therapy of Food Order on 5-Year Glycemic Control in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Care Clinic: Retrospective Cohort Study

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of 5-year follow-up of dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) on glycemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a primary care clinic. A total of 138 patients with dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (intervention group) and 104 patients without dietitian-led nutrition therapy (control group) were compared for glycemic control, serum lipid, blood pressure, and diabetic complications for 5 years. Each patient in the intervention group received dietary education focused on food order (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) by dietitians. A significant improvement in HbA1c after 5 years in the intervention group [8.5 ± 1.7% (69 mmol/mol) to 7.6 ± 1.1% (59 mmol/mol), p < 0.001] was observed, whereas no change was observed in the control group [7.9 ± 1.2% (62 mmol/mol) to 8.0 ± 1.2% (63 mmol/mol)]. Dietary intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and salt in the intervention group demonstrated significant reduction, while the intake of dietary fiber significantly increased after the dietary education. Simple dietary education of ‘eating vegetables before carbohydrates’ presented by dietitians achieved good glycemic control after a 5-year period in outpatients with T2DM at primary care clinic.     

Development and Validation of Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Chinese Pregnant Women

The study was designed to develop and validate the nutrition literacy assessment instrument for pregnant women in China (NLAI-P). The dimension, components and questions of NLAI-P were identified via literature review and expert consultation. A panel of experts evaluated the content validity. The construct validity was evaluated by using the exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Cronbach’s α coefficient and split-half reliability were applied for examining the reliability. The NLAI-P was divided into 3 dimensions including knowledge, behavior and skill dimension. Findings showed NLAI-P possessed the satisfactory content validity (content validity index = 0.98, content validity ratio = 0.97), acceptable construct validity (χ²/df = 1.82, GFI = 0.86, AGFI = 0.84, RMSEA = 0.046) and good reliability (Cronbach’s α coefficient = 0.82). The average scores of NLAI-P were 46.59 ± 9.27. With the adjustment of confounding factors, education level presented a significantly positive correlation with NLAI-P scores. In conclusion, NLAI-P were valid and reliable to inspect NL level of pregnant women in China. Poor NL was prevalent among Chinese pregnant women. Based on the education level, taking targeted propaganda and education measures would achieve the optimal effect. NLAI-P can be applied as the tool for monitoring and assessing NL of pregnant women, and facilitate the designation of targeted interventions policies.     

Nutritional Status after Roux-En-Y (Rygb) and One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (Oagb) at 6-Month Follow-Up: A Comparative Study

Introduction: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) are two effective bariatric surgical procedures with positive outcomes in terms of weight loss, comorbidities remission, and adverse events profiles. OAGB seems to carry a higher risk of malnutrition, but existing data are controversial. The aim of this study is to objectively evaluate and compare malnutrition in patients undergoing RYGB and OAGB. Methods: Retrospective monocentric study of obese patients undergoing RYGB or OAGB between the 15 September 2020 and the 31 May 2021. Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and compared between groups. The primary outcome was the mean CONUT score at 6 months. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of malnutrition, comorbidities, including hypertension, insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus, and weight loss. Results: 78 patients were included: 30 underwent RYGB and 48 underwent OAGB. At 6-Month Follow-Up there was no difference between groups in the mean CONUT score nor in incidence of malnutrition. In both groups, the nutritional status significantly worsened 6 months after surgery (preoperative and postoperative score of 0.48 ± 0.9 and 1.38 ± 1.5; p = 0.0066 for RYGB and of 0.86 ± 1.5 and 1.45 ± 1.3; p = 0.0422 for OAGB). Type II Diabetes mellitus (DMII) and hypertension remission were significant in the OAGB group with a 100% relative remission in the DMII-OAGB group (p = 0.0265), and a 67% relative remission in the hypertension-OAGB group (p = 0.0031). Conclusions: No difference in nutritional status has been detected between patients undergoing RYGB or OAGB at the 6-Month Follow-Up. Both procedures may have significant mal-absorptive effects leading to decline in nutritional status. OAGB may be more efficacious in inducing DMII and hypertension remission. Larger prospective studies dedicated specifically to nutritional status after gastric bypass are needed to confirm the impact of different bypass procedures on nutritional status.     

Prevalence of Orthorexia in Groups of Students with Varied Diets and Physical Activity (Silesia,Poland)

(1) Background: The literature emphasizes the role of many factors influencing the onset of eating disorders (EDs) and their mutual influence on each other. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of orthorexic behaviors in groups of health-related and non-health-related students in terms of their differential health behaviors—diet and physical activity levels. (2) The study included 300 individuals representing two equal groups of fields of study, which for the study were called the health-related field (HRF) and the non-health-related field (NRF). (3) Results: Based on the results of the dietary assessment, it was found that the best dietary model was characterized by the HRF group; in this group, 97.2% of students were characterized by a very good and good dietary mode. The NRF group, on the other hand, was dominated by a sufficient dietary mode for 64.4% of all cases in this group (94 people), while the dietary model marked as “good” was less popular, at 24.6% of this group (36 people). (4) Conclusions: Based on the cited self-research and information from the literature, it can be concluded that the problem of orthorexia is still a new issue at the level of social sciences, medical sciences, and health sciences. The psychometric tools used in this study allowed us to demonstrate the prevalence of the aforementioned eating disorders in the sample groups of students.     

The Ultra-Processed Food Content of School Meals and Packed Lunches in the United Kingdom

British children have the highest levels of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in Europe. Schools are posited as a positive setting for impacting dietary intake, but the level of UPFs consumed in schools is currently unknown. This study determined the UPF content of school food in the UK. We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis of primary (4–11 years, n = 1895) and secondary schoolchildren (11–18 years, n = 1408) from the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2017). Multivariable quantile regression models determined the association between meal-type (school meal or packed lunch) and lunchtime UPF intake (NOVA food classification system). We showed that on average, UPF intake was high in both primary (72.6% total lunch Kcal) and secondary schoolchildren (77.8% total lunch Kcal). Higher UPF intakes were observed in packed lunch consumers, secondary schoolchildren, and those in lower income households. This study highlights the need for a renewed focus on school food. Better guidance and policies that consider levels of industrial processing in food served in schools are needed to ensure the dual benefit of encouraging school meal uptake and equitably improving children’s diets.     

Perception of Portuguese Consumers Regarding Food Labeling

Food labels are the first information tool used by consumers in the purchase and consumption of food products. Food labeling is a tool that can influence the consumers’ perception of quality and, in turn, their food choice. This study characterizes and demonstrates the importance of labeling and the degree of consumers’ perception and literacy about food labels through the application of an online questionnaire. The results obtained, in a sample of n = 467, showed that Portuguese consumers have the habit of reading the label and recognizing its importance but do not understand all the information contained in the label. They have an easier time understanding the front-of-pack labeling systems, especially those presented through symbols/colors. Thus, it demonstrates the need for greater education and literacy in the areas of food and nutrition so that through the reading and interpretation of labels, consumers can make informed food choices.     

对照军队医院等级评审谈武警部队医院营养科建设

营养科的建设与发展水平直接关系到患者的康复,也关系到医院的整体医疗质量水平。笔者通过解读《军队三级综合医院等级评审标准和细则》,对医院营养工作的难点进行分析,总结了武警部队营养科建设目前存在的问题,并提出营养科下一步发展对策。     

静脉用药调配中心全静脉营养液处方分析

目的对郑州人民医院近3个月全肠道外营养液（TPN）处方设计进行分析,为TPN临床合理应用提供参考。方法汇总郑州人民医院近3个月TPN处方并就其配方的成分组成进行统计分析。结果郑州人民医院近3个月TPN处方669张,设计基本合理,但仍存在非蛋白热卡不足、含氮量偏低等问题,经审核排除不合格用药处方张数55张,占总处方数的8.22%。结论临床医生应针对患者的营养状况准确,合理的设计TPN配方,提高临床营养治疗的安全性和有效性,同时药师应通过审方来进一步保证处方的合理性。     

早期肠道喂养对烫伤大鼠肠道细菌移位的影响

目的观察早期肠道喂养对烫伤大鼠肠道细菌移位的影响. 方法设计早期肠道喂养和延迟肠道喂养动物模型,取大鼠伤后6、12、24、48、72 h肝脏组织、肠系膜淋巴结作细菌培养,并测定肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,动态观察三者的变化并进行统计学分析.结果两组大鼠肠系膜淋巴结、肝脏组织均发生细菌移位和肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性下降,延迟喂养大鼠移位细菌数量显著多于早期肠道喂养大鼠(P＜0.05),肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性较早期喂养大鼠显著下降(P＜0.05);相关性分析发现,肝脏组织和肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位具有显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),二者与肠道组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性具有显著负相关关系(二者P＜0.01).结论烫伤大鼠延迟肠道喂养较早期肠道喂养容易发生肠黏膜损伤和肠道细菌移位且严重.