前列地尔静注乳剂的制备及其物理性质的测定

用自制原料制备了前列地尔静注乳剂,并对其一些物理性质进行了测定,结果表明该制剂的粒度分布、pH值、渗透压等项均符合静脉注射制剂的要求.     

Influence of the Addition of Dispersible Color Powder and Polyacrylic Emulsion on the Durability of Cement Mortar

Cement mortar can be colored using color additive technology to give colorful facades to the surfaces of buildings, and to beautify the environment. In this study, weight ratios of color powder/cement at 1:80, 1:40, and 1:27, and polyacrylic emulsion/cement at a ratio of 1:5 were added as pigments to cement mortar; the fresh properties, slump, slump flow, hardened properties, compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, durability, surface electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of the colored cement mortar were then examined. The results showed that adding color powder/cement at 1:80 and polyacrylic emulsion/cement at 1:5 gives the best water/cement (W/C) ratio, which equals 0.5; this can effectively improve the hardness and durability of colored cement mortar. At 28 days of aging, the strength of the various colored cement mortars was maintained at 33.1–36.8 MPa. The acrylic-based emulsion significantly improved the flexural strength of the specimen. At 91 days of aging, all of the cement mortars exceeded the control group, with an anti-bay strength of 19.9–21.7 MPa, and the strength increased with aging. Adding appropriate amounts of inorganic color powder and mixing water can effectively enhance the fresh and hardened properties and durability of the colored cement mortar, while polyacrylic emulsion may significantly improve the test pieces and flexural strength, which increases with age. Moreover, natural α-Fe₂O₃ (rust layer) is formed on the surface of the colored cement mortar samples through the addition of inorganic color powder that contains Fe(III) ion; this prevents the intrusion of noxious ions and thus increases the durability. All of the test pieces of colored cement mortar in this study had a surface resistance of over 20 kΩ-cm on the seventh day of the test period, meaning good surface compactness. In addition, because the thermal conductivity of the added inorganic color powder was higher than that of cement, the thermal conductivity was significantly improved.     

Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Status in 1–9-Year-Old Children Living in Serbia: National Food Consumption Survey according to the EU Menu Methodology

The Serbian Food Consumption Survey among 1–9-year-old-children was conceptualized and conducted in compliance with the principles, established protocols, and guidelines of the EU Menu project between 2017 and 2021. Valid data were collected for 576 individuals (290 1–3-year-old toddlers and 276 3–9-year-old children). Regardless of age and gender category, the majority (68.80%) of children had normal weights according to the Body Mass Index-for-age classification system. The median daily energy intake was 1406.71 kcal with no differences between the settlement types. The overall median contributions of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 47.54%, 14.06%, and 37.88%, respectively. The proportions of the macronutrient intake deviated from the dietary reference values with compliance to the recommendations being particularly poor for fat and fiber. The consumption of energy-dense food groups such as meat and meat products, fat and oil, sugar, and confections was more pronounced among older children. The survey results provide a valuable insight into the nutritional status and dietary habits of toddlers and children 1–9 years old living in Serbia. They may serve as an evidence platform for public health programs, a valuable asset for decision-makers, and a reliable reference to guide nutritional policies, diet monitoring, and interventions targeting this population group in the future.     

Body Fat Moderates the Association of Olfactory Dysfunction with Dietary Intake in U.S. Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2013–2014

Background: Obesity relates to impaired olfactory function. Abnormal olfactory function is also associated with poor diet; however, whether obesity-related markers shape this relationship is unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis (n = 1415, age > 40 years) of NHANES 2013–2014 examined body fat percent (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) as moderators of the relationship between olfactory function and diet. The olfactory function test identified adults with olfactory dysfunction (OD) or normal olfaction (NO). Validated 24 h recall captured nutrient intake and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores. BF% and WC were measured. We tested adjusted linear regression models, with an interaction term between olfactory function and BF%/WC, for each nutrient or HEI score, and reported coefficients (β), standard errors (SE), and p-values for significant interaction terms. Results: In OD (9.5%; mean age 50.9 years, 95% CI 49.6, 52.2) compared with NO (mean age 49.3 years, 95% CI 48.8, 49.9), higher BF% was associated with higher intake of saturated fat (β (SE): 0.2 (0.1) g; p = 0.06) and percent of total calories from total fat (0.2 (0.1); p = 0.07), saturated (0.1 (0.004); p = 0.02), and monounsaturated fat (0.1 (0.1); p = 0.08); lower percent of total calories from carbohydrates (−0.2 (0.1); p = 0.09) and mg of sodium (−17.8 (09.6); p = 0.08); and a higher (healthier) refined grain score (0.1 (0.1); p = 0.04). Higher WC was associated with higher refined grain scores (0.01 (0.02); p = 0.01) in OD. Conclusion: BF% may shape dietary intake and quality in OD. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the directionality of these relationships and develop strategies to improve dietary intake among OD.     

Indexing of Fatty Acids in Poultry Meat for Its Characterization in Healthy Human Nutrition: A Comprehensive Application of the Scientific Literature and New Proposals

Chicken meat is becoming the most consumed in the world for both economic and nutritional reasons; regarding the latter, the lipid profile may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, we define the state of the art of lipid-based nutritional indexes and used the lipid content and fatty acid profile (both qualitative and quantitative) of breast meat of two poultry genotypes with different growth rates and meat traits. Further, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of nutritional indexes used in recent years and others of our own design to provide a useful tool to researchers working in the field of meat quality (not only in poultry) to select the most appropriate index for their own scientific purposes. All indexes show advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice should be applied to consider the nutritional effect of meat on human health and for a possible assessment of the most suitable rearing systems (genotype, feeding, farming system or postmortem handling).     

鼻咽癌放疗后重度吞咽障碍患者的肠道营养措施

当鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽障碍程度逐渐加重,经过康复训练,经口进食仍不能满足机体营养需要,反复引起吸入性肺炎时需要给予营养支持,其中肠道营养措施主要包括鼻胃肠管、咽部造瘘、颈部食管造瘘、胃造瘘术。本文就国内外多种肠内营养措施的特点及在鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽障碍人群中的应用做一综述。     

肠内营养合早期中药干预对胃大部切除大鼠肠道黏膜细胞更新状态的影响

目的探讨肠内营养合早期中药干预对胃大部切除大鼠肠道细胞更新状态指标(肠道黏膜细胞凋亡率)的影响及机制。方法将60只雄性SD大鼠建立胃大部切除模型,随机分成对照组(C),普通肠内营养组(EN组),肠内营养加四君子汤组(S-EN组)。从术后第1天起连续营养支持7 d,各组营养液的热量、含氮量均相同。观察术前1 d、术后1 d、3 d、7 d的肠道细胞更新状态指标(肠道黏膜细胞凋亡率)的变化。结果S-EN组术后3 d后肠道黏膜细胞凋亡率显著高于C组和EN组(P<0.05)。结论肠内营养合早期中药(四君子汤)干预可提高术后大鼠的营养状态和肠道细胞更新状态,明显改善肠黏膜屏障功能。     

早期肠内营养支持对重度颅脑损伤患者预后的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养支持对重度颅脑损伤患者预后的影响。方法将144例重度颅脑损伤患者分为实验组和对照组各72例,实验组在伤后24h即开始给予肠内营养支持,对照组则先行肠外营养支持,待伤后6-8d后再逐步过渡到肠内,观察患者营养状况、血生化及并发症的发生率,并进行比较。结果与对照组相比,实验组通过早期的肠内营养支持能较快纠正负氮平衡,营养状况改善明显,消化道出血及二重感染等并发症的发生率显著低于对照组。结论在重度颅脑损伤早期施行肠内营养安全有效,可减少并发症,改善患者的预后。     

妊娠期糖尿病营养治疗进展

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)营养治疗主要通过评估患者个人情况后制订合适的能量摄入计划,如限制糖类的摄入量,通过血糖指数/血糖负荷理论配合食品交换份法来搭配食物。科学搭配膳食三大营养素可为孕妇提供最佳的营养,促进适当的孕期体质量增加,达到理想的血糖控制水平,为胎儿正常生长发育提供足够的能量。该文就GDM营养治疗的基本治疗和最新进展进行综述。