阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者手术前后性功能变化

目的 探讨内皮素（ET）和一氧化氮(NO)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS) 合并性功能障碍发病中的作用。方法 对OSAHS合并性功能障碍者30例和OSAHS性功能正常者32例手术前后测评其性功能、多导睡眠监测指标、血浆ET和血清NO,同时取健康男性10例作对照。结果 1. OSAHS性功能障碍组和OSAHS性功能正常组的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、ET均高于健康对照组,最低血氧饱和度（SaO₂）、NO均低于健康对照组(P＜0.01）。OSAHS性功能障碍组的最低SaO₂、NO低于性功能正常组,AHI高于性功能正常组（P＜0.05）。两组ET差异无统计学意义（P＞s0.05）;2. OSAHS患者的国际勃起功能指数5（IIEF-5）与最低SaO₂和NO呈正相关,与AHI和ET呈负相关（P＜0.05）;3. OSAHS合并性功能障碍组手术后与手术前比较,AHI和ET均降低,IIEF-5、最低SaO₂和NO升高（P＜0.01）。结论手术治疗可以改善OSAHS合并性功能障碍患者的性功能。NO在OSAHS患者并发性功能障碍的过程中发挥一定作用。     

高血压患者巨细胞病毒感染与血浆内皮素及P-选择素的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压患者巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染与血浆内皮素、P-选择素的关系.方法分别采用化学发光法、放射免疫均相竞争分析法(RIA)和ELISA法测定98例原发性高血压患者CMV IgM、IgG及血浆内皮素、P-选择素水平,并与31例健康对照组进行比较.结果原发性高血压患者CMV IgM阳性率和IgM、IgG双阳性率分别为56.12%和54.08%,明显高于对照组(19.35%,16.16%;P＜0.05).IgG阳性率二组差异无显著性.原发性高血压IgM抗体阳性组血浆内皮素、P-选择素水平分别为95.53 ng/ml±5.06 ng/ml、42.50 ng/ml±3.28 ng/ml,均高于IgM抗体阴性组(71.60 ng/ml±4.34 ng/ml、27.41 ng/ml±5.28 ng/ml)和对照组(48.77 ng/ml±5.96 ng/ml、19.80 ng/ml±4.62 ng/ml),结论活动性CMV感染加重原发性高血压患者内皮损伤,诱导内皮素和P-选择素产生增加.     

大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血脑基底动脉内皮素受体mRNA表达的变化

目的探讨实验性蛛网膜下腔出血诱发脑血管痉挛时,内皮素受体-A（ETA）基因在大鼠脑基底动脉的表达变化及在诱发脑血管痉挛中的作用。方法56只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、蛛网膜下腔出血组（2、3、7、14d）、生理盐水组和假手术组,应用逆转录。聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）,以β-actin为内参照基因,分别检测各组实验动物脑基底动脉ETAmRNA的表达变化。结果蛛网膜下腔出血后2、3d组脑基底动脉ETAmRNA表达较正常组明显增高,7d组仍增高,14d组趋于正常。结论ETA在蛛网膜下腔出血诱发脑血管痉挛的病理生理过程中可能起重要作用。     

舒血宁注射液对急性心肌梗死非血运重建患者内皮素、P选择素的影响

目的探讨舒血宁注射液对急性心肌梗死非血运重建患者内皮素、P选择素的影响。方法将70例急性心肌梗死非血运重建患者随机分为治疗组（舒血宁注射液＋常规药物治疗）、对照组（常规药物治疗），观察两组患者治疗14d后血浆内皮素、P选择素的变化。结果舒血宁注射液治疗组血浆内皮素、P选择素水平降低，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论舒血宁注射液对急性心肌梗死患者有改善血管内皮功能障碍、抗血小板活化的作用。     

冠状动脉造影后血浆肾上腺髓质素的改变

本文研究冠状动脉造影前后血浆肾上腺髓质素（ＡＤＭ １３－ ５２）及内皮素（ＥＴ－ １）水平。用特异性放射免疫法测定冠状动脉正常人和冠状动脉病患者，冠脉造影前后血浆ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）及ＥＴ－１含量。结果表明冠脉造影后即刻血浆ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）和ＥＴ－１均明显升高，ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）从基础时３１．２３ ±１．１２ｐｇ／ｍＬ升高到４０．９１±１．２８ｐｇ／ｍＬ（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＥＴ－１从８８．８４±１０．５８ｐｇ／ｍＬ升高到１５８．２６ ± １３．６６ｐｇ／ｍＬ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。正常组及冠脉病组冠造术后血浆ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）及ＥＴ－１均较术前明显升高；但两组间比较，无论冠脉造影前后，ＡＤＭ或ＥＴ－１均无显著差异。ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）与ＥＴ－１的变化呈中等度的正相关（ｒ＝０．４４８４， Ｐ＜ ０． ００１）。因此，冠脉造影可使ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）及ＥＴ－１均升高，可能与造影剂对血管刺激、导管直接对血管内皮的刺激及交感神经兴奋性增高有关。ＥＴ—１可能作为一种中介因子，与冠脉造影的部分并发症有关，而与之作用相反的ＡＤＭ（１３－５２）升高可能是机体维持自身稳定的一种代偿性保护机制。     

Effect of leonurine hydrochloride on endothelin and the endothelin receptor-mediated signal pathway in medically-induced incomplete abortion in rats

Objective

Endothelin (ET) is involved in uterine contractions. Our previous study showed that leonurine hydrochloride (LH) inhibits abnormal bleeding caused by incomplete abortion through an increase in uterine contractions in rats. The present study was conducted to show that LH treatment regulates the ET-mediated signal pathway in abortion in rats.

Study design

Early pregnancies in rats had incomplete abortions induced using mifepristone in combination with misoprostol. After the abortions, the rats were treated with LH orally for 7 days and surgery was performed. The sinistro-uterus was dissected for measurement of ET and nitric oxide (NO); the dextro-uterus was stored at −80°C for ET receptor (ET_A and ET_B) analysis. Myometrial cells from the dextro-uterus were cultured for measurement of phospholipase C (PLC) activity, intra-cellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i), and protein kinase C (PKC) activity.

Results

In in vivo experiments, LH treatment elevated the ET level and ET/NO ratio in rats with induced abortions and up-regulated ET_A mRNA expression (P < 0.01 vs. the model group), but there was no change in ET_B mRNA. LH significantly increased the [Ca²⁺]_i, PLC activity, and relative production of PKC protein in myometrial cells.

Conclusion

LH increased uterine contractions in rats with incomplete abortions by modulating the ET receptor-mediated signal pathway.     

Blockade of endothelin receptors with bosentan limits ischaemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rat ovaries

Objective

To investigate the role of endothelin receptors in ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats using the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan.

Study design

Group 1: sham operation; Group 2: sham operation and bosentan 60 mg/kg; Group 3: bilateral ovarian ischaemia; Group 4: 3-h period of ischaemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion; Groups 5 and 6: bosentan 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively, with bilateral ovarian ischaemia applied 30 min later; the bilateral ovaries were removed after 3 h of ischaemia; Groups 7 and 8: 3 h of bilateral ovarian ischaemia was applied, with bosentan 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively, administered 2.5 h after the induction of ischaemia; following the 3-h period of ischaemia, 3 h of reperfusion was applied, after which the ovaries were removed.

Results

Ischaemia and I/R decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the level of glutathione (GSH) in ovarian tissue, but increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly compared with the sham operation group. Bosentan 30 and 60 mg/kg before ischaemia and I/R decreased the MDA level and increased SOD activity and the GSH level in the experimental groups. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were also measured in the I/R injury model in rat ovaries. The levels of these cytokines were significantly higher in the ischaemia and I/R groups compared with the sham operation and sham operation plus bosentan groups. The histopathological findings also demonstrated the protective role of bosentan against I/R-induced injury in rat ovaries.

Conclusion

Administration of bosentan protects the ovaries against oxidative damage and I/R-induced injury.     

血浆内皮素和一氧化氮以及血管内皮生长因子对2型糖尿病视网膜病变的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血浆中内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的变化.方法 选择2型糖尿病患者80例,其中有视网膜病变53例(DR组),无视网膜病变27例(NDR组),另设健康对照者30名作为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定其血浆ET和VEGF,硝酸还原法测定NO,并检测空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯.结果 DR组患者血浆ET为(80.68±13.57)mg/L,高于NDR组[(65.33±11.24)mg/L]及对照组[(45.25±9.06)mg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01);DR组NO为(69.82±14.89)μmol/L,明显高于对照组[(37.85±9.11)μmol/L],但低于NDR组[(77.52±18.56)μmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);DR组VEGF[(110.52±25.65)μg/L]高于对照组[(82.42±18.47)μg/L]及NDR组[(97.55±25.61)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 ET、NO和VEGF可能参与了2型糖尿病视网膜病变的发生与发展.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of endothelin,nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor level in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Eighty diabetes patients (53 with diabetic retinopathy and 27 without). Another 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as control. Plasma ET and VEGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NO levels were measured by nitrate reductase method. Results Plasma levels of ET were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes with DR (DR)(80. 68 ± 13.57) mg/L than (65. 33 ± 11.24) mg/L, (45.25 ±9. 06) mg/L, in control and in type 2 diabetes patients without DR (NDR) (Ps ＜ 0, 01 ). Plasna levels of NO in DR group (69. 82 ± 14. 89) μmol/L were higher than (37. 85 ±-9. 11 ) μmol'L, in control group,but lower than (77.52 ±± 18.56) μmol/L in NDR group (Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). Plasma levels of VEGF ( 110. 52 ± 25.65 ) μg/L in DR were significantly increased compared with control (82.42 ± 18. 47 ) μg/L, and NDR(97.55 ±25.61)μg/L, (Ps ＜0.05).Conclusion ET, NO and VEGF may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic retinopathy.     

穴位埋线法对原发性高血压模型大鼠血浆内皮素、血清一氧化氮的影响

目的观察穴位埋线法对原发性高血压模型大鼠（SHR）血清一氧化氮（NO）和血浆内皮素（ET）的影响,探讨穴位埋线法的降压机制。方法将50只雄性Wistar大鼠（SHR）随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、埋线组、针刺组和西药对照组,测定血浆ET、NO生化指标。结果给药45 d后测定,与模型对照组比较,埋线组能够降低血浆ET的含量（P〈0.05）,同时能明显提高NO水平（P〈0.01）。结论穴位埋线法能降低血浆ET的含量,提高NO浓度水平,可能是其治疗原发性高血压的机制之一。