人端粒酶逆转录酶在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

寻找有效的抗原表位是近期肿瘤免疫治疗的热点．人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)的免疫学特性使其成为肿瘤免疫治疗中一个吸引人的目标。从人和鼠系统获得的数据证实，细胞毒淋巴细胞(CTL)能识别hTERT特异的肽并杀死多种组织类型hTERT表达的肿瘤细胞。由于hTERT在人肿瘤组织中的广泛表达，在极少正常组织的低水平表达，临床试验已开始检验将hTERT作为肿瘤免疫治疗目标的可行程度。近期树突状细胞(DC)转运系统及其相关技术的发展和成熟提供了一个快速有效筛选抗原肽的方法。     

Oral administration of an edible-mushroom-derived protein inhibits the development of food-allergic reactions in mice

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is a common disease without effective treatment. Since strict elimination of food allergens may be difficult, strategies for effective intervention are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the prophylactic use of orally administrated FIP-fve, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, in a murine model of food allergy. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized twice intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA), at an interval of 2 weeks. Before and during each period of immunization, FIP-fve (200 microg per mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline was given orally every other day with a total of five doses. Then OVA-specific antibodies and cytokine profiles were determined. Subsequently, the mice were orally challenged with OVA. Symptoms of anaphylaxis, levels of plasma histamine, and histology of intestines were examined. RESULTS: Mice receiving oral FIP-fve treatment during sensitization to OVA had an impaired OVA-specific IgE response with a Th1-predominant cytokine profile. These mice were protected from systemic anaphylaxis-like symptoms induced by subsequent oral challenge with OVA. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of FIP-fve has a Th1-skewing effect on the development of the allergen-specific immune response, and may serve the purpose of immunoprophylaxis for food allergy and other allergic diseases.     

Indoor radon measurement with The Lucas cell technique

Rn-222 is the most important source of natural radiation and is responsible for approximately half of the received dose from all sources. Most of this dose is from inhalation of the Rn-222 progeny, especially in closed atmospheres. A Lucas cell technique, using a portable device, “PRASSI” (SILENA mod. 5S), for Rn-222 measurements inside the Centre for Radiation Protection and Radioecology (ZSR), Hannover University was used. The portable radon monitor PRASSI is suitable for radon gas continuous or grab sampling measurements with the scintillation cell technique. In recognition of the wide periodic variations in concentration, measurements were made daily for extended periods. At the same time, meteorological variables, such as temperature and humidity were observed so that their influence on radon levels could be evaluated. The radon average concentration during the year was about 55.9 Bq/m³ which gives rise to an annual effective dose 2.2 mSv y⁻¹. The radon concentration is within the limits prescribed by the International Commission for Radiation Protection. A detailed analysis of radon distribution with seasonal variation is presented.     

In-situ measurements of gas permeability in fuel cell membranes using a cylindrical microelectrode

A new method to study permeation of gases in proton conducting membranes using a cylindrical microelectrode is presented. The focus of this work was to develop an in-situ method to study transport properties of hydrogen and oxygen close to real fuel cell operating conditions. The gas permeability is strongly affected by the change of water content in the membrane and it is therefore of advantage that, by using this method, measurements can be carried out over a wide range of relative humidities. The numerical method makes it possible to separate the diffusion coefficient and the concentration of dissolved gas in the membrane and also allows kinetic limitations to be taken into account. Chronoamperometric measurements on Nafion® 117 were successfully evaluated numerically. Experiments at temperatures of 25 and 60 °C with respect to oxygen permeation and at 60 °C for hydrogen permeation at relative humidities in the range 30–94% are presented. The reproducibility of data was excellent when measuring with different microelectrodes on the same membrane sample, but differed when measuring on different samples. In general, the permeability increases with increasing temperature and relative humidity.     

Macrophage response to microtextured silicone

Seven different silicone surface textures were tested for effect on macrophage spreading and metabolic activity in vitro. Variables of the textured arrays that could modify spreading were determined to be the size, spacing between, depth, density, and orientation of the individual surface events and the roughness of the surfaces. Cells were influenced by the size of the events and the roughness of the surfaces more than any other variables. Cell morphology data, surface area and perimeter, could be divided into discrete regions that correlated well with the size of the events. Cell dimensions on 5μm textures were smallest while those on smooth silicone and glass surfaces were the largest. Surface texture events may be modifying contact guidance of the cells or interacting with specific transmembrane proteins to alter cell shape and function. The mitochondrial activity of cells attached to the textured silicones was determined by measuring the amount of reduced MTT directly through live cells. Cells on polystyrene (PS), 5VP and 8VP textures were metabolically more active than cells on the other textures. PMA was used to stimulate cells on the various textures. PMA-stimulated cells, on the smaller textures, 2VP, 5VP and 5CP, were less active than test cells that were not stimulated. The inability of PMA to stimulate these cells may be due to a structural alteration of protein kinase C. An hypothesis is introduced that includes a possible mechanism of how a micrometre-sized surface texture could modify cell function.     

干细胞动员对骨创伤大鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的：观察自体干细胞动员对骨创伤大鼠的免疫功能的保护作用，为战创伤后的免疫抑制及继发性感染、系统性炎症反应等治疗提供依据。方法：挤压折断法复制大鼠双后肢股骨骨折模型，于致伤后0、24、48h连续给模型动物肌肉注射GM—CSF20μg／kg，致伤后72h细胞增殖法检测T、B淋巴细胞活性，ELISA法检测血清IL-1、IL-2、IFN-7、TNF—α浓度，自动系列化分析法检测C3、CA、IgM、IgG浓度，称重法观察脾重与体重的比例变化。结果：股骨骨折模型大鼠致伤后72h，GM—CSF动员骨髓干细胞组大鼠的T、B淋巴细胞活性和血清IFN-γ、IL-2浓度高于对照组（P〈0．01），IL-1、TNF—α浓度低于对照组（P〈0．01），血清C3、CA、IgM、IgG浓度及脾／体重比值高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：GM—CSF动员自体干细胞动员对大鼠骨创伤诱导的免疫功能抑制具有保护作用。     

慢性髓性白血病细胞来源的树突状细胞大容量诱导及其功能的实验研究

目的　探索大容量诱导慢性髓性白血病 (CML)细胞来源的树突状细胞 (DCs)的适宜方法 ;研究CML DCs刺激自体T淋巴细胞增殖并分泌γ 干扰素 (IFN γ)的能力。方法　用CS 30 0 0 plus血细胞分离机采集初诊CML病人的外周血单个核细胞 (PBMNCs) ;单采的CML PBMNCS转入组织培养袋 ,加入重组人粒 巨细胞集落刺激因子 (rhGM CSF)和重组人白介素 4 (rhIL 4 ) ,培养诱导 7d ;在诱导前后 ,用流式细胞仪分别检测细胞表面HLA DR、CD1a、CD80和CD86的表达水平 ;用3 H TdR掺入法检测CML DCs和CML PBMNCs刺激自体和异体T细胞增殖的能力 ;用ELISA法检测在自体混合淋巴细胞培养 (MLR)时T细胞分泌的IFN γ浓度。结果　用血细胞分离机收集的CML PBMNCs ,在组织培养袋内经细胞因子培养诱导 ,HLA DR、CD1a、CD80、CD86的表达均有明显上调 ,细胞形态也表现典型的DC特征 ;CML DCs能显著刺激自体和异体T细胞增殖 ,而CML PBM NCs仅能刺激异体T细胞的增殖 ,刺激自体T细胞增殖的能力很弱 ;刺激自体T细胞增殖时分泌的IFN γ浓度 ,CML DCs组为 (877± 2 14 )pg/mL ;CML BPMNCs组仅为 (14± 1.7) pg/mL。 结论　单采的CML PBMNCs转入组织培养袋 ,加入rhGM CSF和rhIL 4 ,可收获大容量的CML DCs;CML DCs在体外具有显著刺激自体T细胞增殖     

利用CO_2培养箱敞开式不换液羊水细胞培养方法的改进

本文对羊水培养方法进行了改进研究,探讨了培养液 pH 值对羊水细胞生长的影响。结果表明用 CO_2培养箱敞开培养,在 CO_2浓度为5.4%时羊水细胞最容易贴壁生长,一次性加液中间不换液可保持细胞生长的微环境稳定,是羊水细胞培养成功的关键。     

Family Functioning and Social Support in the Adaptation of Caregivers of Children With Sickle Cell Syndromes

Objective: To examine moderating effects of family functioningand social support on the relationship of child-related stressorsto caregivers' psychological adaptation in a sample of caregiversof children with a chronic illness. Method: Participants were 67 caregivers of children and adolescentswith sickle cell syndromes. We conducted MANOVAs and subsequenteffect size calculations to determine if family functioningwould buffer the effects of caring for difficult-to-manage childrenwith this illness. Results: Findings supported a moderator effect of family functioningon the association of children's externalizing behavioral problemsto caregivers symptoms of hostility. Greater levels of cohesiveand adaptive family functioning buffered the potential detrimentaleffects of caring for children perceived as hard to manage.No significant associations were obtained between measures ofcaregivers' psychological adaptation and the severity of theirchildren's disease. Conclusions: We make recommendations for family systems interventions,particularly for caregivers of children with behavior problems.