童年期创伤经历与抑郁症状:新兵积极心理品质的中介和调节效应

目的 探讨新兵积极心理品质在童年期创伤经历与抑郁症状之间的中介和调节效应.方法 采用随机整群抽样法抽取南方某部1 925名16～24岁的男性新兵,运用童年期创伤经历问卷(CTQ-SF)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和新兵积极心理品质评估问卷(PMCS-R)进行测评.结果 童年期创伤经历问卷的情感虐待为(6.11±1.69)分,躯体虐待为(5.49±1.32)分,性虐待为(5.61±1.45)分,情感忽视为(9.15±3.66)分,躯体忽视为(9.57±2.93)分;抑郁严重指数(0.45±0.11);积极心理品质总均分(3.80±0.64)分.童年期创伤经历、抑郁症状和积极心理品质得分两两显著相关(均P＜0.05);情感忽视、躯体忽视和情感虐待能有效预测抑郁症状,可共同解释其总变异的28.6％ (F=256.72,P＜0.05);积极心理品质在情感忽视和抑郁症状、躯体忽视和抑郁症状、情感虐待和抑郁症状的关系中均有部分中介效应(中介效应分别为0.19,0.15和0.09),但只在情感忽视和抑郁症状间调节效应显著(F=24.73,P＜0.05).结论 童年期创伤经历不仅直接作用于新兵的抑郁症状,也能通过积极心理品质间接作用;同时,新兵的积极心理品质可以改变童年期创伤经历对抑郁症状的影响.     

Escaping from Flatland: Antimalarial Activity of sp3-Rich Bridged Pyrrolidine Derivatives

We utilized synthetic photochemistry to generate novel sp³-rich scaffolds and report the design, synthesis, and biological testing of a diverse series of amides based on the 1-(amino-methyl)-2-benzyl-2-aza-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold. Preliminary antimalarial screening of the library provided promising compounds with activity in the 1–5 μM range with an enhanced hit rate. Further evaluation (solubility, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), and toxicity) of a selected compound (9) suggested that this series represents an excellent opportunity for further optimization with the framework offering multiple opportunities for the addition of uniquely vectorally positioned extra functionality.     

A combined application of lossless and lossy compression in ECG processing and transmission via GSM-based SMS

Abstract

This paper presents a software-based scheme for reliable and robust Electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression and its efficient transmission using Second Generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based Short Message Service (SMS). To achieve a firm lossless compression in high standard deviating QRS complex regions and an acceptable lossy compression in the rest of the signal, two different algorithms have been used. The combined compression module is such that it outputs only American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters and, hence, SMS service is found to be most suitable for transmitting the compressed signal. At the receiving end, the ECG signal is reconstructed using just the reverse algorithm. The module has been tested to all the 12 leads of different types of ECG signals (healthy and abnormal) collected from the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The compression algorithm achieves an average compression ratio of ～22.51, without any major alteration of clinical morphology.     

Tempo of trophic evolution and its impact on mammalian diversification

Mammals are characterized by the complex adaptations of their dentition, which are an indication that diet has played a critical role in their evolutionary history. Although much attention has focused on diet and the adaptations of specific taxa, the role of diet in large-scale diversification patterns remains unresolved. Contradictory hypotheses have been proposed, making prediction of the expected relationship difficult. We show that net diversification rate (the cumulative effect of speciation and extinction), differs significantly among living mammals, depending upon trophic strategy. Herbivores diversify fastest, carnivores are intermediate, and omnivores are slowest. The tempo of transitions between the trophic strategies is also highly biased: the fastest rates occur into omnivory from herbivory and carnivory and the lowest transition rates are between herbivory and carnivory. Extant herbivore and carnivore diversity arose primarily through diversification within lineages, whereas omnivore diversity evolved by transitions into the strategy. The ability to specialize and subdivide the trophic niche allowed herbivores and carnivores to evolve greater diversity than omnivores.     

胶片集中打印中提高信息识别率的分析与策略

目的 探寻医学影像存储与传输系统(PACS)集中打印中提升胶片信息识别率的有效方法.方法 分析各成像设备胶片布局中四角信息布局对识别率的影响因素;针对不同的影响因素,通过修改设备的四角信息格式、调整胶片格式、优化选片布局、修改放射信息系统存取号(RIS ACCESSION NUMBER)、引入正则表达式的正确性校验以及多次识别等优化方法识别胶片信息.结果 应用此方法对普放检查集中打印系统进行测试,在信息识别的准确性和有效性方面得到了显著的改进.结论 信息识别优化方法提高了胶片的信息识别率,为数字影像和通信标准(DICOM)电子胶片集中打印模式的实施提供了关键技术保障.     

斑蝥的生药学研究

目的对芫青科昆虫南方大斑蝥Mylabris phalerata和黄黑小斑蝥Mylabri scichorii中药材性状、微性状、粉末显微及微量升华结晶物显微特征进行研究,为其鉴定工作以及《中国药典》2020年版的制定工作提供科学依据。方法采用性状鉴别法、微性状鉴别法、常规显微鉴别法、偏振光显微鉴别法及微量升华法,对6批南方大斑蝥和4批黄黑小斑蝥进行系统的生药学研究。结果首次获取了南方大斑蝥和黄黑小斑蝥微性状鉴别特征(体长、触角、鞘翅、内翅等)、粉末显微鉴别特征(刚毛、体壁碎片、鞘翅碎片、内翅碎片、肌纤维、气管壁组织、未消化的植物组织)及其微量升华结晶物特征的全息彩色影像数据。结论微性状鉴别研究结果补充完善了传统宏观性状鉴别的细微构造特征,显微及微量升华鉴别研究结果可作为中药材及中成药中斑蝥鉴定的专属性标志物。     

1993-2013年泸州市狂犬病流行特征及防控对策

目的了解狂犬病流行特征,分析流行因素,为制定控制措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对四川省泸州市1993-2013年的疫情数据和2006-2013年个案资料进行分析。结果 21年共报告狂犬病49例,年均报告发病率0.055/10万,病死率100.00%,1993-2006年报告4例,报告发病率在0-0.024/10万,从2007年起发病率在0.047/10万-0.237/10万之间,呈波动上升趋势;71.43%的病例分布在古蔺县、泸县、叙永县;男女比为1.72∶1,农民、学生、散居儿童为主（81.63%）,40-64岁占48.98%;无明显季节性。46例个案,主要症状为烦躁、恐水、怕风,平均潜伏期2月零10d（6 d-2年）,平均病程4 d（1-12 d）;91.30%被犬咬伤,52.17%为流浪犬,家养犬猫均无免疫史;86.96%的伤口未处理或自行处理,95.65%未接种狂犬疫苗;Ⅲ级暴露占80.43%,均未注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论 2007-2013年泸州市狂犬病疫情呈上升趋势;犬为主要传染源,农村为重点防控地区,农民、学生和散居儿童为重点人群。犬只免疫率低、群众防病意识差、暴露后伤口规范处置率低、人用狂犬病疫苗和免疫球蛋白接种率低,是泸州市狂犬病流行的主要原因。