超排卵后黄体期血雌孕激素水平对胚胎着床的影响

目的测定控制下超排卵周期黄体期血雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,探讨黄体期甾体激素对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响.方法选择在本院辅助生育技术病房进行IVF-ET助孕治疗的因输卵管因素不孕的64例患者,用GnRHa(达必佳)/FSH/hMG/hCG超排卵治疗,在注hCG日及取卵后7天采集静脉血5ml,用双抗放射免疫法(RIA)测定血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P).结果未妊娠组高反应组与正常反应组获卵数存在显著差异(P＜0.05),年龄、获卵数、移植胚胎数两组无显著差异(P＞0.05).继续妊娠组与流产组E2峰、黄体中期E2、P水平及P/E2比均无显著差异(P＞0.05),继续妊娠组E2从峰值下降至黄体中期水平与流产组相比,存在显著差异(P＜0.05),继续妊娠组E2下降幅度大;未孕高反应组E2峰、黄体中期E2、P水平与继续妊娠组相比均显著增高(P＜0.05),但P/E2比无显著差异,未孕正常反应组各激素水平及比与继续妊娠组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论超排卵治疗后黄体期雌孕激素对妊娠的影响与卵巢反应有关,高反应组黄体中期过高的雌孕激素不利于妊娠,正常反应组黄体中期雌孕激素水平与妊娠无关.E2从峰值至黄体中期水平下降幅度与妊娠有关,E2缺乏下降也许对妊娠不利.     

Ultrasound guidance of embryo transfer: A role for midwife

ObjectiveEvaluate the role of midwife with no experience in assisting ultrasound guided embryo transfer.MethodsA prospective randomized study comparing results of IVF after ultrasound guided embryo transfer (ET) assisted either by a midwife with no formal training in US, or by a doctor trained to guide. ET procedure was performed on 553 patients undergoing ultrasound guided ET. The number of embryos transferred, the pregnancy rate (PR), the incidence of extrauterine pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy rate, the implantation rate (IR), difficulty of embryo transfer and quality of US assistance were compared among the groups.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the number of embryos transferred (2.5 + 0.7 Group A vs 2.4 + 0.8 Group B) implantation rate (15.6% Group A vs 15.2% Group B), pregnancy rate (34.3% Group A vs 36.2% Group B), ongoing pregnancy rate (23.4% Group A vs 23.9% Group B), and rate of extrauterine pregnancies (1.4% Group A vs 1% Group B). Difficult transfers (2.9% Group A vs 3.6% Group B) and unsatisfactory visualization of uterus and catheter (6.2% Group A vs 7.3% Group B) were also similar in both groups of patients.DiscussionHaving an inexperienced nurse or midwife to perform ultrasound guidance during ET does not markedly affect the clinical results compared to using experienced clinicians for this purpose.     

Infertile Couples Entering an In Vitro Fertilisation Programme: A Preliminary Survey

This paper presents the findings of a pilot survey of 30 infertile couples who presented for in vitro fertilisation treatment at the Monash—Epworth—Queen Victoria Medical Centre. Wives of the couples underwent an extensive pre-treatment interview for demographic information and psychiatric evaluation. In addition, psychometric testing was carried out to provide psychological profiles. Husbands were interviewed separately and completed self-report questionnaires on marital adjustment. Two sub-groups were identified where the diagnosis of infertility was regarded as of organic or ‘idiopathic’ aetiology. Differences between the two sub-groups were found on neuroticism, anxiety, locus of control and dyadic adjustment. At 2 months after treatment great difficulty was experienced in obtaining follow-up responses. Reasons for this are suggested and recommendations for further investigations and supportive therapy are presented.     

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Expression in Tooth Primordia in the Field Vole ( Microtus agrestis,Rodentia)

Cell proliferation in developing tooth germs has been studied particularly using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into growing tooth primordia and by counting and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of mitoses in serial sections of developing teeth. PCNA has been proposed as an alternative marker of proliferation activity. The aim of our study was to detect immunohistochemically locations of PCNA-positive cells in developing tooth germs of Microtus agrestis (Rodentia). PCNA expression could be distinguished in oral epithelium and mesenchyme before first signs of dental lamina elevation. During bud, cap, and bell stages, positive immunostaining could be observed at defined sites in enamel organ, tooth papilla, and dental follicle. Rudimental tooth germs of the upper diastema, enamel knots, and inner enamel epithelium at day of ontogeny 18 and 19 showed negative reaction. PCNA marks cycling and early G0 cells and can be used successfully as a proliferation marker even in collection material.     

In vitro maturation

In vitro maturation (IVM) is an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) technique modified to collect immature oocytes from antral follicles, with the final stages of meiosis completed during in vitro culture. The primary benefit of IVM is that it reduces gonadotrophin stimulation in the patient, thereby eliminating the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in high-risk patients such as those with polycystic ovaries (PCO) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). IVM has additional benefits for fertility preservation, particularly in oncofertility patients. IVM research has progressed in recent years to significantly improve success rates and to provide evidence of safety in terms of neonatal and childhood outcomes. More recently, pre-maturation protocols and the discovery of new culture media additives have demonstrated potential to maximise maturation and oocyte developmental competence. In this chapter, we discuss current methodologies used in clinics routinely performing IVM, target patient populations and areas of future research that may improve IVM success.     

SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION PRACTICES AMONG ADOLESCENT CANCER PATIENTS AT RISK FOR INFERTILITY

To assess sperm cryopreservation among males newly diagnosed with cancer aged 13 years and older, attending oncologists assigned infertility risk (yes/no) to patients and reported whether their patients engaged in sperm cryopreservation. Only 28.1% of informed at-risk patients banked sperm. Utilization of sperm banking was significantly associated with a diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) malignancy or non-CNS solid tumor diagnosis, higher socioeconomic status, and not being a member of an Evangelical religious group. These results suggest that sperm banking is underutilized among adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer, and that strategies to increase the engagement in this fertility preservation method are needed.