体外受精胚胎移植后妊娠结局分析

目的　探讨通过体外受精 -胚胎移植妊娠妇女的妊娠结局。方法　对自 2 0 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 2年1 1月在我院实施IVF -ET的 75例患者 ,80个妊娠周期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 80个周期中 ,宫内妊娠率 96 2 5 % (77/ 80 ) ,其中自然流产率 2 3 75 % (1 9/ 80 ) ;妊娠 <1 6周流产率 1 6 2 5 % (1 3/ 80 ) ;妊娠 >1 6周流产率 7 5 0 % (6 / 80 ) ,其中 5周期均发生双胎妊娠 ;分娩率 72 5 0 % (5 8/ 80 ) ,早产率 1 5 0 0 % (1 2 / 80 ) ,宫外孕发生率 3 75 % (3/ 80 )。新生儿死亡率 3 6 1 % (3/ 83) ,均死于三胎妊娠早产。结论　减少IVF -ET后多胎妊娠率 ,加强多胎妊娠的整个孕期监护 ,以利于减少多胎妊娠 >1 6周流产率及早产率 ,是降低IVF -ET后妊娠胎儿丢失的有效方法     

A comparison of the effects of different degrees of zona pellucida damage followed by cryopreservation on the postthaw development of mouse embryos

Purpose: The totally intact zona pellucida is not essential for the development of embryos. It is still unclear how much effect the degree of damages to the zona pellucida will have on the developmental potential of postthaw embryos after cryopreservation. We compared the developmental potential of cryopreserved mouse embryos after induction of two degrees of mechanical damage to the zonae pellucidae by micromanipulation. Methods: In experiment I, the development of 124 cryopreserved ICR mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage after zona pellucida penetration of two-cell embryos as in the procedures of subzonal sperm insertion (SUZI) was compared with the development of zona-intact cryopreserved embryos. In experiment II, the zonae pellucidae of 93 two-cell mouse embryos were dissected as in the procedures of partial zonal dissection (PZD), following which the embryos were frozen. This postthaw development was also compared with that of zona-intact two-cell cryopreserved embryos. All the embryos were thawed and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Additional controls were provided by culturing zonaintact and zona-penetrated or zona-dissected embryos without cryopreservation. Results: The development of unfrozen mouse embryos was not affected by either zona penetration (P=0.433) or zona dissection (P=0.659). The developmental potential of cryopreserved mouse embryos was significantly affected after zona dissection (blastocyst rate, 31% ZD vs 72%, control; P<0.001) but not after zona penetration (blastocyst rate, 59% ZP vs 64% control; P=0.441). Conclusions: The quality of cryopreserved embryos was affected by a large hole on the zona pellucida created by zona dissection but not by simple zona penetration.     

Reasons for rejecting potential donors from a sperm bank program

Purpose: Recruiting donors to a sperm bank program is difficult and slow because of high dropout rates and high rejection rates. The profile of successful and unsuccessful donors was determined at our sperm bank. Methods: A total of 199 men was screened from 1986 to 1994 in the anonymous sperm bank donor program; 174 (87%) men dropped out or did not meet minimum guidelines. The study included 25 accepted donors and 20 rejected men (of 52 rejected donors, only 20 donors who came for two consecutive semen analyses were selected). Sperm quality variables and demographic data were compared between the groups. Results: Accepted donors had significantly better semen quality in motility, velocity, linearity, and ALH than did rejected donors (P < 0.01). More rejected donors than accepted donors were single (P < 0.01). A higher percentage of accepted donors consumed caffeine (P < 0.001), and they were more likely to have college degrees (P < 0.03). Conclusions: These results indicate that loss of interest and poor semen quality were the major reasons for rejection of donors in our anonymous donor sperm bank program.     

Evaluating sex chromosome content of sorted human sperm samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization

OBJECTIVE: Although most methods for selecting the sex of offspring by sorting spermatozoa are ineffective at shifting the ratio of Y- to X-containing cells, some commercial sources continue to offer such services. Our objective was to evaluate commercially “sorted” samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and to identify variations in assessment by comparing motile and total sperm populations, donors, observers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes.STUDY DESIGN: Cryopreserved sperm from seven anonymous donors were processed as for insemination. Sperm cells from each total sample or motile subfraction were prepared for fluorescence in situ hybridization by incubation with disulfide-reducing agents to expand sperm nuclei. Two sets of X and Y chromosome–specific, fluorophore-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid probes were used. At least 400 nuclei from each preparation were classified independently by three blinded observers. Hybridization efficiency, aneuploidy, and sex chromosome content were evaluated in subsets of five unsorted, five female-oriented, and five male-oriented samples. Total and motile subfractions were compared with eight samples. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes were compared in five paired unsorted samples.RESULTS: No differences were detected between washed samples and paired motile subfractions. No differences in hybridization and aneuploidy were detected between groups of sorted samples. The Y/X ratio was significantly different between the sorted groups. However, male-oriented samples had a lower Y/X ratio than female-oriented samples did. Observer and probe choice accounted for small but significant variations that did not alter conclusions about the Y/X ratio for sorted samples.CONCLUSION: In a series of 10 sorted samples from one commercial source, dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated a small but significant shift in the sex chromosome ratios among samples. However, this shift was opposite to that expected by the orientation of the sorted samples. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1172-80.)     

被动吸烟对不同孕期大鼠宫内胚胎发育影响研究

采用被动吸烟方法研究了香烟烟雾对不同孕期大鼠宫内胚胎发育的毒性和影响。结果表明：香烟烟雾对孕鼠胚胎有明显的毒性，可引起胚胎死亡、畸形和宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）；且孕期不同，这种毒性和影响的后果也不同：其中从孕１天即开始被动吸烟的Ａ组主要表现为死胎、吸收胎和ＩＵＧＲ，且发生率非常显著地高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；孕８天开始被动吸烟的Ｂ组则主要为畸胎和ＩＵＧＲ，其发生率也比对照组有显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０     

五氧化二钒对大鼠胚胎中脑细胞增殖和分化的影响

本研究采用微团培养观察了Ｖ２Ｏ５对大鼠胚胎中脑细胞增殖和分化的影响，旨在为进一步揭示其发育毒作用机理提供依据。结果显示，Ｖ２Ｏ５对体外中脑细胞的增殖和分化均有抑制作用，并有明显的剂量－反应关系。Ｖ２Ｏ５抑制中脑增殖经的Ｉ Ｃ５０分别为９．１和６．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。体内／体外结合试验显示，Ｖ２Ｏ５在２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时对细胞分化有明显的抑制作用，而在５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时才对细胞增殖出现抑制作用，按照Ｒｅｎ     

体外受精-胚胎移植治疗不孕症85例报道

目的：评价应用体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）治疗８５例不孕患者的临床结果。方法：用药方案有：①ＧｎＲＨａ／ＦＳＨ／ｈＭＧ；②ＧｎＲＨａ／ＦＳＨ；③ＧｎＲＨａ／ｈＭＧ。培养液包括Ｅａｒｌｅ’ｓ平衡盐液及人类输卵管液（ＨＴＦ）。结果：８５例进行了１０９个ＩＶＦ周期治疗，１２个周期（１１０％）因反应不良而取消。每周期获取卵母细胞（１０２±５４）个，卵子受精率６８９％，卵裂率６０８％，每个转移胚胎植入率７７％（３１／４０２）。９４个移植周期中，每周期移植（４９±２４）个胚胎，获２０次临床妊娠（２１３％）。采用ＨＴＦ妊娠率为２２４％，高于应用Ｅａｒｌｅ’ｓ液的妊娠率（１８５％），但差异无统计学意义。２０次妊娠患者中，１次输卵管妊娠，４次自然流产（２０％），５例足月分娩，１０例继续妊娠。多胎妊娠率４０％，重度ＯＨＳＳ发生率４１％。结论：ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ是治疗输卵管因素、子宫内膜异位症等不孕症的重要而有效的手段。体外培养时用ＨＴＦ可能优于Ｅａｒｌｅ’ｓ液，而有利于提高妊娠率。     

体外受精—胚胎移植术后异位妊娠29例临床分析

目的 :探讨体外受精 -胚胎移植后异位妊娠的发生率及高危因素。方法 :对我院 1998年 9月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月接受体外受精 -胚胎移植后发生的异位妊娠 2 9例进行回顾性分析。结果 :异位妊娠发生率为 5 .8%。 2 9例异位妊娠中有 19例术前存在输卵管病变。结论 :体外受精 -胚胎移植术后发生异位妊娠的高危因素是输卵管病变、继发性不孕 ,年龄、子宫位置、移植术过程的困难程度等亦与之有关     

人卵巢组织两种超低温冻存方法的研究

【目的】探索两种人卵巢组织冷冻方案用于生殖细胞保存的效果。【方法】活检卵巢组织来自15名经知情同意的手术患者。组织被随机分配到新鲜组、玻璃化冷冻组和慢速冷冻组。观察和比较各组卵巢组织冻融后的原始卵泡形态完整率，并通过体外培养系统测定培养液中的雌二醇和孕酮水平，观察和比较冻融后卵巢组织内分泌功能。【结果】本研究中新鲜组、慢速冻融组和玻璃化冻融组的原始卵泡形态完整率分别是97．6％、72．6％和80.3％。两冻融组与新鲜组相比明显下降俨〈0．001），而在两冻融组间差异并无统计学意义（P=0．237）。在体外组织培养期间，两种冻融卵巢组织都能持续分泌雌二醇和孕酮，两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。【结论】本研究中两种人类卵巢组织超低温冷存的方法是可行的，可适应不同需要。     

海藻糖对低温储存皮肤β-actin的mRNA转录水平及其蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察新型低温保护剂(cryoprotectant,CPA)海藻糖(trehalose)对皮肤骨架蛋白β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)表达及mRNA转录水平的调节作用,以了解在传统低温保护剂中添加海藻糖后是否优于单纯传统低温保护剂的作用。方法:实验将新鲜成人皮肤分为4组,分别经海藻糖-二甲基亚砜(T-D)、二甲基亚砜-丙二醇(D-P)、二甲基亚砜-去血清角质细胞培养液(D-K)、DMEM作为低温保护剂保存,-196℃液氮冻存7 d、14 d复温,设新鲜皮肤为对照组。采用免疫组织化学染色及W estern b lot方法观察β-actin蛋白表达、采用RT-PCR方法对不同低温保护剂保存后皮肤的β-actin基因水平进行深入的研究。结果:T-D组β-actin蛋白表达及基因转录与新鲜组相似(P>0.05),D-P作用其次,其余两组与新鲜组对比均降低明显(P<0.05)。结论:传统低温保护剂中添加海藻糖后对低温储存皮肤β-actin表达的保护作用优于单纯传统低温保护剂。