“基于结果的教育理论”的医学查新课程建设

将基于结果的教育(OBE)理论引入到混合学习中,以医学查新课程为例,从3个方面分析了OBE理论与混合学习结合的合理性,认为OBE理论与混合学习的理念相辅相成,按照基于OBE理论的课程设计模型进行医学查新课程设计是可行的。 〖HT5”H〗 ［关键词］混合学习;基于结果的教育;医学查新课程     

病程10年以上糖尿病患者发生糖尿病足的危险因素探讨

目的探讨糖尿病病程10年以上患者发生糖尿病足的危险因素,以利于今后有针对性地指导糖尿病患者从初诊阶段就具有良好的遵医行为,减少糖尿病足的发生与发展。方法调查2005年8月-2006年11月门诊就诊及住院患者并选择符合WHO糖尿病诊断标准且糖尿病病程10年以上者,根据有无糖尿病足的临床症状及体征,选取糖尿病足患者50例作为糖尿病足组,非糖尿病足患者50例作为非糖尿病足组,共100例,采用自行设计的问卷调查表,对其一般状况和患病期间日常自我管理能力进行评价和统计学处理。结果糖尿病足组男性比例高于女性（P〈0．005）;糖尿病足组年龄、病程均略高于非糖尿病足组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;糖尿病足组文化程度、经济收入均低于非糖尿病足组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;虽然两组患者日常自我管理能力都不够完善,但相比而言,非糖尿病足组的自我管理能力普遍强于糖尿病足组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病足的发病率男性高于女性;糖尿病病程长是糖尿病足发生的危险因素之一,但不是主要因素;经济收入低和文化程度低的糖尿病患者更易发生糖尿病足;血糖控制不良是发生糖尿病足的重要危险因素;吸烟也是影响糖尿病足发生发展的因素之一;糖尿病患者了解糖尿病足相关知识对预防糖尿病足将起到积极作用。     

中国东部两县农村地区耐药结核病治疗效果的因素分析

目的 描述中国东部两个县农村地区耐药结核病治疗完成情况,评价短程督导化疗对耐药结核病的治疗效果及其影响因素.方法 将德清县182例和灌云县217例菌阳肺结核病患者为研究对象进行队列研究.患者在开始化疗时进入队列并接受问卷调查,在短程督导化疗期间(6-8个月)获得3次随访.药物敏感试验采用WHO推荐的直接比例法.通过χ2检验、Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Cox多元回归等方法分析耐药结核病患者在治疗阶段痰涂片转阴的过程、结局和影响因素.结果 德清县和灌云县耐多药、其他耐药和药物全敏感结核病治愈率分别为58.3%、91.0%、98.7%和51.3%、89.5%、93.5%.耐药类型和既往治疗史是影响耐药结核病治疗效果的主要因素.在耐多药结核病患者中,肝不良反应(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.04～0.69)和既往治疗史(RR=0.26,95%CI:0.07～0.93)严重影响治疗效果;而其他耐药结核病的治疗效果与既往治疗史(RR=0.66,95%CI:0.44～0.98)和病例延误(＞2周)(RR=0.67,95%CI:0.46～0.97)有关.结论 有效监测控制不良反应,发展快速的药物敏感试验并根据耐药类型调整治疗方案是提高耐多药结核病治疗效果的关键.     

中医诊断学实训课教学改革探索与实践

中医诊断学是中医基础理论与临床各科之间的桥梁课程,是中医、针推、养生、康复等专业的主干课程。要求学生掌握扎实的中医基本理论,训练学生四诊、辨证的中医思维方式及基本操作技能。以学生为中心,加强学生动手能力,从实训课改革入手。此文分析了实训教学现状,以实训教学目标为中心,探索实训课教学内容、手段、方法、考核的改革。     

停课不停学背景下对机能学实验虚拟实验平台建设的思考

北京中医药大学积极响应教育部"停课不停学"的要求,借助机能学实验虚拟实验平台切实保障机能学实验教学工作的顺利开展。此文通过对"停课不停学"背景下的机能学实验课程以及机能学实验虚拟实验平台进行系统思考,并且结合问卷调查、教师走访、纵向比较等方法,分析"停课不停学"背景下机能学实验虚拟实验平台的使用效果和不足之处,旨在为虚拟实验"金"平台的建设提供参考和思路。     

Estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 65 years using electronic health registries; a pilot study in four EU/EEA countries,October 2021 to March 2022

By employing a common protocol and data from electronic health registries in Denmark, Navarre (Spain), Norway and Portugal, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19 in individuals aged ≥ 65 years old, without previous documented infection, between October 2021 and March 2022. VE was higher in 65–79-year-olds compared with ≥ 80-year-olds and in those who received a booster compared with those who were primary vaccinated. VE remained high (ca 80%) between ≥ 12 and < 24 weeks after the first booster administration, and after Omicron became dominant.     

Suicidality Over the First 5 Years of Psychosis: Does Extending Early Intervention Have Benefits?

Objective:We aimed to investigate whether individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) receiving extended early intervention (EI) were less likely to experience suicidal ideation and behaviors than those transferred to regular care after 2 years of EI. Another objective was to examine the 5-year course of suicidality in FEP.Methods:We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial where 220 patients were randomized after 2 years of EI to receive extended EI or regular care for the subsequent 3 years. Suicidality was rated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Linear mixed model analysis was used to study time and group effects on suicidality.Results:Extended EI and regular care groups did not differ on suicidality. There was a small decrease in suicidality over time, F(7, 1038) = 1.84, P = 0.077, with an immediate sharp decline within a month of treatment, followed by stability over the remaining 5 years. Patients who endorsed suicidality at entry (46.6%) had higher baseline positive, negative, and depressive symptoms. The 5-year course fell in 3 groups: never endorsed suicidality (33.9%), endorsed suicidality at low-risk levels (43.1%), and endorsed high-risk levels (23.0%). The high-risk group had a higher proportion of affective versus nonaffective psychosis diagnosis; higher baseline positive and depressive symptoms; higher 5-year mean depression scores, and fewer weeks of positive symptom remission over the 5-year course.Conclusions:The first month of treatment is a critical period for suicide risk in FEP. Although early reductions in suicidality are often maintained, our findings make the case for sustained monitoring for suicide risk management.     

高等院校专业课程开展双语教学的若干问题分析

双语教学是贯彻教育“三个面向”原则在教学中的一个有效载体 ,双语教学核心目的仍然是专业的思想、内容与能力的学习与培养 ,讨论了专业课程双语教学的目标、基本条件、教学方法、考试考核及现阶段开展双语教学应注意的主要事项。     

“营养与食品卫生学”国家级精品资源共享课建设体会

文章总结了我院进行“营养与食品卫生学”国家级精品资源共享课建设的经验和体会,就课程建设原则和要求、课程设置、教学资源准备以及课程建设管理等方面进行了探讨,旨在为其他建设单位提供借鉴.     

生物化学精品课程的建设与实践

生物化学是基础医学里的主干学科,研究所通过近几年的课程建设,在优化课程内容、改善教学方法、加强教育技术、强化师资队伍等环节上进行了诸多有益的改革,起到了很好的教学效果,并被评为2005年度国家级精品课程。