Semi-invasive monitoring of cardiac output by a new device using arterial pressure waveform analysis: a comparison with intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: Thermodilution technique using a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)is a widely used method to determine cardiac output (CO). Itis increasingly criticized because of its invasiveness and itsunclear risk–benefit ratio. Thus, less invasive techniquesfor measuring CO are highly desirable. We compared a new, semi-invasivedevice (FloTrac/Vigileo^TM) using arterial pressure waveformanalysis for CO measurement in patients undergoing cardiac surgerywith bolus thermodilution measurements. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting orvalve repair were enrolled. A PAC was inserted and routine radialarterial access was used for semi-invasive determination ofCO with the Vigileo. CO was measured simultaneously by bolusthermodilution and the Vigileo technique after induction ofanaesthesia (T1), before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T2),after CPB (T3), after sternal closure (T4), on arrival in theintensive care unit (ICU) (T5), and 4 h (T6), 8 h(T7), and 24 h after surgery (T8). CO was indexed to thebody surface area (cardiac index, CI). RESULTS: A total of 244 pairs of CI measurements were analysed. Biasand precision (1.96 SD of the bias) were 0.46 litre min^–1m^–2 and ± 1.15 litre min^–1 m^–2 (r =0.53) resulting in an overall percentage error of 46%. Subgroupanalysis revealed a percentage error of 51% for data pairs obtainedintraoperatively (T1–T4), 42% in ICU (T5–T8), and56% for values obtained during low CI (T1–T8). CONCLUSIONS: In cardiac surgery patients, CO measured by a new semi-invasivearterial pressure waveform analysis device showed only moderateagreement with intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilutionmeasurement.     

Measurement of cardiac output: a comparison between transpulmonary thermodilution and uncalibrated pulse contour analysis

Background: Recently, continuous monitoring of cardiac output (CO) basedon pulse contour analysis (Vigileo^®) has been introducedinto practice. In this clinical study, we evaluated the accuracyof this system by comparing it with the transpulmonary thermodilutiontechnique (TPID) in septic patients. Methods: We studied 24 mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock(16 male, 8 female, age 26–77 yr) receiving treatmentwith norepinephrine who for clinical indication underwent haemodynamicmonitoring by the transpulmonary thermodilution technique usinga PiCCO^®plus system (Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany).In parallel, arterial pulse contour was applied using the femoralarterial pressure curve (FloTrac^® pressure sensor, Vigileo^®monitor, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, USA). After baselinemeasurement, mean arterial pressure was elevated by increasingnorepinephrine dosage, and CO was measured again before meanarterial pressure was reduced back to baseline levels. Fluidstatus and ventilator settings remained unchanged throughout.At each time point, CO by transpulmonary thermodilution wascalculated from three central venous bolus injections of 15ml of saline (<8°C). Linear regression and the Bland–Altmanmethod were used for statistical analysis. Results: Overall, CO was 6.7 (SD 1.8) (3.2–10.1) litre min^–1for CO(TPID) and 6.2 (2.4) (3.0–17.6) litre min^–1for CO(Vigileo^®). Linear regression revealed: CO(Vigileo^®)= 1.54 + 0.72 x CO(TPID) litre min^–1, r² = 0.26 (P <0.0001). Mean bias between techniques [CO(TPID)–CO(Vigileo^®)]was 0.5 litre min^–1 (SD 2.3 litre min^–1). Correlationcoefficients at the three time points were not significantlydifferent from each other. Conclusions: Pulse contour analysis-derived CO (Vigileo^® system) underestimatesCO(TPID) and is not as reliable as transpulmonary thermodilutionin septic patients.     

高压氧环境下颈椎牵引治疗神经根型颈椎病

目的评估高压氧环境下颈椎牵引治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法将2013年6月至2013年12月于广州市番禺区南村医院门诊就诊的78例神经根型颈椎病患者随机分为两组,治疗组（n=39）采用高压氧环境下颈椎牵引治疗,对照组（n=39）单纯行颈椎牵引治疗。根据中医病证诊断疗效标准评价1个疗程后的治疗效果,同时采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分判定患者疼痛症状的缓解程度,依据颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）观察颈椎功能障碍的改善情况。对两组中临床疗效评估为治愈的患者进行为期6个月的随访,了解其复发情况。结果 1个疗程结束后对照组总有效率80%（31/39）,治疗组总有效率97%（38/39）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组治疗1个疗程后VAS评分、NDI均较治疗前明显改善,治疗组治疗后VAS评分、NDI均优于对照组（P〈0.05）;6个月随访时对照组复发率为2/11,治疗组复发率为10%（2/21）,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论高压氧环境有助于提高牵引治疗神经根型颈椎病的近期临床疗效。     

综合疗法联合关节镜清理术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的近期疗效

目的探讨综合疗法联合关节镜清理术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的近期效果。方法选择2012年10月至2014年3月江苏省邳州市人民医院收治的50例KOA患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各25例。对照组采用单纯关节镜清理术,观察组在对照组基础上实施综合疗法（痛点阻滞、关节腔注射玻璃酸钠＋曲安奈德和推拿按摩）。比较术后3、6个月两组Lysholm膝关节功能评分和视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分,同时记录两组股四头肌、股二头肌肌力峰力矩（PT）。结果术后3、6个月观察组Lysholm评分以及股四头肌、股二头肌肌力PT高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组术后均无严重不良反应。结论与单纯关节镜清理术相比,联用综合疗法能够更好地改善患膝关节功能,缓解疼痛症状,提高股四头肌、股二头肌肌力,近期疗效更为理想。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的颌面三维测量与直接测量法的比较

目的：设计基于三维激光扫描技术的颌面三维测量系统,并与直接测量法进行比较。方法通过三维激光扫描仪扫描28例志愿者正面、左侧面和右侧面的3幅图像,对图像进行坏点去除、补洞等前期处理,拼接经过前期处理的3幅图像并生成整体三维模型,利用自行开发的软件3D-FACE VIEWER进行颌面部直线、曲线、角度及比例的测量,并将测量结果与直接测量法得到的结果进行对比。结果三维扫描测量法的结果与直接测量法的结果相差不大。在56项点距测量中,49项测量误差不超过2~3 mm;在17项弧长测量中,7项测量误差不超过2~3 mm。结论基于三维激光扫描技术的颌面三维测量系统是一种良好可行的方法,三维测量系统3D-FACE VIEWER可以较准确地完成颌面的测量,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Are patient-reported outcome measures biased by method of follow-up? Evaluating paper-based and digital follow-up after lumbar fusion surgery

Background Context

Long-term follow-up of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) is essential in both modern spinal care and research. Lack of time and staff are commonly reported barriers to implementing long-term follow-up of PROM. Automated and digital follow-up systems for PROM collection are seeing widespread use, yet their validity and comparative effectiveness have never been evaluated.

Comparison of pre-injury recalled Health Status (HS) data of trauma patients and HS of the general population

PurposeSignificant differences exist between retrospectively collected pre-injury Health Status (HS) of trauma patients and the HS of the general population. Compared to the general population, the trauma population includes a larger proportion of individuals with a low level of socio-economic status. The aim was to compare retrospectively collected pre-injury HS with HS of a sample of Dutch individuals not only adjusted for age and gender, but also for educational level.MethodsWithin three months post-trauma, pre-injury HS (n = 2987) was collected by using the EuroQol-five-dimension-3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Data were abstracted from the Brabant Injury Outcome Surveillance. The reference cohort (n = 1839) included a sample of the Dutch general population. Multiple regression was used to compare HS of both cohorts.ResultsA higher recalled pre-injury EQ-5D-3L score of the injury cohort was reported compared to the HS of the reference cohort after adjustment for age (β = 0.014 [95% CI: 0.001,0.027] for males and β = 0.018 [95% CI: −0.001, 0.036] for females). After adjustment for age and educational level, the Beta showed a ≥10% increasement: males; unadjusted β = 0.006 [95% CI: −0.007, 0.019] to β = 0.014 [95% CI: 0.001, 0.027] after age adjustment to β = 0.020 [95% CI: 0.007, 0.033] after adjustment for age and educational level, females; unadjusted β = −0.018 [95% CI: −0.035, −0.001] to β = 0.018 [95% CI: −0.001, 0.036] after age adjustments to β = 0.025 [95% CI: 0.007, 0.043] after adjustments for age and educational level. After adjustment for age, gender and educational level, the injury cohort reported prior to the trauma less problems on the ‘pain/discomfort’ (OR = 0.522 [95% CI: 0.454, 0.602]) and the ‘anxiety/depression’ (OR = 0.745 [95% CI: 0.619, 0.897]) dimensions, as compared to the reference cohort. In contrast, the injury cohort reported significantly more problems on the ‘self-care’ dimension (OR = 1.497 [95% CI: 0.1.112, 2.016]) prior to the trauma.ConclusionsInjured patients report better recalled pre-injury HS compared to the HS of the reference cohort. After adjustment for educational level, the difference in HS between the injury cohort and the reference cohort increases, underlining that other confounders might also influence HS.     

对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学模式下教育环境评估

目的比较和分析对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学模式和“以学科为中心”传统教学模式下的教育环境的差异。方法选择2017级护理本科生57人为实验组,实施融通式教学模式;选择2016级护理本科生44人为对照组,开展“以学科为中心”的传统教学模式。采用教育环境评估量表(dundee ready education environment measure,DREEM)评估两种教学模式下护理教育环境。结果两组教育环境评价总分都达到较好的标准:实验组教育环境评价总分(144.67±23.16)高于对照组(135.30±16.12),且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.019);在教育环境的5个维度中,实验组学习知觉、环境知觉和社交知觉维度得分均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对接应用型护理人才培养的融通式教学改革可有效改善教育环境,增强学生自主学习能力,显著提高教学效果。     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠动脉血管网数字化三维重建及测量

目的:探讨利用数字化三维重建技术及Mimics10.01、UGNX11.0软件建立剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)动脉血管网并测量相关数据的可行性。方法:选取2016年10月至2018年10月就诊于乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院、新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、深圳市宝安区沙井人民医院的20例CSP患者,利用CT薄层扫描及CT血管成像技术采集断层图像数据集,借助相关软件重建患者骨盆、盆腔动脉血管网,并测量腹主动脉分叉角度、髂总动脉长度、髂内动脉长度、子宫动脉开口角度,并进行描述性分析。结果:测量的20例CSP患者其腹主动脉分叉角度为45.29°±10.22°,左侧子宫动脉开口角度为64.97°±24.52°,右侧子宫动脉开口角度为58.07°±27.84°;左侧髂总动脉长度为(44.47±15.68)mm,右侧髂总动脉长度为(43.89±15.78)mm,左侧髂内动脉长度为(46.18±13.98)mm,右侧髂内动脉长度为(47.45±13.95)mm。结论:借助数字化三维重建技术结合适当软件可以重建CSP数字化三维模型,并精确测量相关数据,为该疾病的个体化治疗尤其是血管性介入治疗提供了解剖学依据及相关数据支撑。     

《2018年欧洲高血压管理指南》解读

随着心血管病的防治理念逐渐由被动防治转向主动预防,高血压作为心血管病的首要危险因素,也越来越受到重视,近年来有关降压治疗带来心血管病获益的临床循证医学证据不断积累,2018年欧洲心脏病学会年会上发布的《2018年欧洲高血压管理指南》,较《2013年欧洲高血压管理指南》在高血压的管控方面有较大更新,既沿用了以往的一些理念,又更新了许多新的内容,新版高血压管理指南在高血压诊断、血压测量、高血压的风险分层、降压治疗的启动时机、降压治疗的目标值变化、高血压的治疗、难治性高血压与继发性高血压的处理等方面均进行了全面而详细的阐述,其在高血压防控方面加大了力度,尤其在高血压的启动治疗时机、启动治疗的血压阈值、治疗药物的起始联合用药及对单片固定复方制剂的优先推荐以及高血压患者的血压监测及综合管理的治疗理念方面,值得临床借鉴与学习。