试论“优质高效低耗”模式的科学性——对清远市人民医院管理经验的理论探究

针对清远市人民医院的经验是否具有普遍意义,能否在全国推广的疑问,论述了“优质高效低耗”模式的特点及内涵,阐述了建立“优质高效低耗”模式的理论基础及政策依据。指出,推行“优质高效低耗”模式必须进行管理体制的改革,其中转变政府职能,放权给医院尤为重要。     

卫生改革的回顾与展望

以黑龙江省卫生事业为重点,从微观管理、宏观管理、社会卫生管理等方面回顾了党的十一届三中全会以来,我国卫生改革发展的历程。论述了我国卫生改革与发展的基本经济和存在的现实问题,提出了未来我国卫生改革发展进程中应处理好的十个关系,即医疗卫生总供给与总需求的关系;城市卫生和农村卫生的关系;预防与治疗的关系;中医和西医的关系;卫生发展和科教兴医的关系;医疗卫生服务和依靠广大群众的关系;投入和产出的关系;社会     

白求恩医科大学十年科研项目概况分析

对白求恩医科大学１９８８－１９９７年间各顷主管部门批准的科研项目及经费情况进行了分析,并与国内其它９所部属院校１９８８－１９９７年间获准国家自然科学基金情况进行了比较。     

Financing a national health insurance

Financing national health insurance is a topic that has been discussed for a long time in the United States. It is also of relevance for less developed countries, in particular in the Far East where some countries have just introduced or are on the brink of introducing national health insurance. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to consult those former socialist countries wishing to introduce a national health insurance system. The paper deals with basic principles of health insurance and specific elements of a (compulsory) social health insurance in detail.     

A factor analytic study of teaching in off-campus general practice clerkships

The Preceptor-evaluation questionnaire (PEQ) was developed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center to evaluate the clinical teaching behaviour of general practice doctors in private practice who have one or more third-year medical students per year in their offices for a required general practice clerkship. The PEQ was designed to provide feedback to these doctors and the sponsoring department in an effort to improve teaching in this setting. Developed from the input of family practice doctors who have supervised students in their offices and from a review of related literature, the instrument was given to students to determine the level of importance they attributed to each teaching characteristic. A principle components factor analysis and subsequent varimax rotation produced six significant teaching factors in this setting. These six factors were:

• 1 demonstrates a humanistic orientation toward patients and staff;
• 2 demonstrates a humanistic orientation toward student;
• 3 provides opportunity for practice;
• 4 motivates and stimulates student's thinking;
• 5 communicates effectively with student; and
• 6 demonstrates comfort and confidence in the roles of doctor and teacher.

The factor relating to the humanistic orientation toward student has not appeared as a separate factor in other studies of clinical teaching. This may be due to the unique aspects of the relationship between student and doctor in this setting which may not occur in other settings. The PEQ and similar reliable and valid instruments can provide valuable information for the doctors in these off-campus teaching situations as well as provide useful programme planning information for the sponsoring academic departments. This information may also be valuable for off-campus residency training.     

Treatment of defaecation problems in children: the role of education, demystification and toilet training

To evaluate the effect of education in children with chronic defaecation problems, a prospective 6-week intervention study was designed. A total of 54 children (5–14 years) underwent an education programme, with demystification of symptoms and advice about diet and toilet training. The present treatment was continued. After 6 weeks, children with persistent problems received biofeedback training with a follow up of 1 year. The intervention programme was successful in 8 children (15%). Biofeedback training was successful in 49% of the remaining group after 1 year. Conclusion A total of 15% of the children with chronic defaecation problems seen at a referral centre could surprisingly be helped by a simple education programme with, demystification and toilet training. Further studies evaluating treatment in children with defaecation problems should account for the primary effect of these measures. Received: 30 July 1996 and in revised form: 30 November 1996 / Accepted: 11 January 1997     

角色互换式系统教学法探索

改革传统教学模式,给学生以自主活动的时间和空间,提高学生上课的积极性和参与性。即采用全新的教学模式———角色互换式教学。贯彻实施这一新的教学方法要抓住四个核心环节:一是确定教学目标,布置学习任务;二是学生的开放、自主学习;三是课堂分组讨论,实施角色互换法教学;四是教师课堂总结,理论与实践相结合。采用这种全新的教学模式,可以全面调动学生学习的积极性,收到良好的教学效果。     

中医医师资格考试工作改革与发展的思考

自1999年首次考试开始,中医医师资格考试已经实施了6年.实践证明,考试是成功的,达到了预期的目的,对纯洁中医医师队伍,保证医疗质量,发挥了巨大作用.但是随着教育体制的改革迅猛发展及医疗卫生体制改革的发展,特别是我国加入WTO,中医药教学内容、教学方式及培养结果发生了巨大变化;卫生体制的改革对医学工作者提出了更高要求;中医医师资格考试实施6年来的实践也证明,无论考试内容、考试方法及考试工作的管理都需要随着中医药教育体制、卫生体制的改革和发展,不断的研究新问题,制定新方案,在处理好稳定与发展的前提下,全面推进考试工作的改革和发展.     

失血性休克综合实验改革的探索

目的:为了探索如何在一次教学实验中将生理学、病理生理学和药理学三个机能学科的实验有机地结合起来,形成 综合性实验以培养学生的综合思维和实验研究能力.方法:在病理生理学的失血性休克实验的基础上,增加了血压 的生理调节和休克后药物治疗,并且采用计算机辅助教学.结果:学生学习兴趣明显提高,不仅学到了更多的研究 方法,而且综合分析和科研创新能力都有明显提高.结论:这种改革明显提高了实验课的教学水平和教学质量.     

高校医院改革应与学校卫生工作相适应

高校医院是保障教学科研、稳定教学秩序、全面推进素质教育、推动学校发展不可缺少的一环,重心是在医疗保健 服务、健康咨询及就医指导上,这与单纯承担医疗任务看病收费的社会医院有很大的不同.高校医院改革应与学校卫生保健需求相适应,以学校卫生工作的根本任务为中心,不能简单地与学校其他后勤部门一样纳入后勤社会化管 理.校医工作是搞好学校卫生工作的关键,只有不断提高校医的业务水平,才能更好地促进学校卫生工作的开展, 使学校卫生工作真正起到服务于培养合格人才的作用.