失血性休克及复苏后不同组织代谢变化与组织损伤差异性的研究

目的：从能量代谢的角度探讨肠组织与心肌、骨骼肌等肠外组织在失血性休克及复苏后组织损伤的差异性。方法：采用大鼠失血性休克复苏模型，高效液相色谱法测定三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）和一磷酸腺苷（AMP）含量；生化及比色法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平。结果：失血性休克后肠组织、心肌和骨骼肌ATP含量明显低于对照组，分别为对照的26.3%、30.7%和62.8%；复苏后,心肌、骨骼肌ATP含量明显高于休克组；失血性休克及复苏后，肠组织XO活化及MDA含量均明显高于对照组，SOD活力则明显低于对照组，其脂质过氧化程度较心肌和骨骼肌严重。结论：失血性休克及复苏后不同组织能量代谢变化及组织损伤程度存在差异性，肠组织能量代谢障碍及损伤程度重于心肌、骨骼肌等肠外组织。     

Role of double-stranded RNA and Npro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a noncytopathogenic (ncp) positive-sense RNA virus that replicates in myeloid cells including macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). The virus does not induce type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta), which in macrophages has been related to the presence of the viral Npro gene. In the present work, the role of viral double-stranded (ds)RNA and Npro in the virus-host cell interaction has been analyzed. Higher levels of detectable dsRNA were produced by a genetically engineered cytopathogenic (cp) CSFV compared with ncp CSFV, and cp CSFV induced IFN-alpha/beta in PK-15 cells. With DC, there was only a small difference in the levels of dsRNA between the cp and ncp viruses, and no IFN-alpha/beta was produced. However, the cp virus induced a higher degree of DC maturation, in terms of CD80/86 and MHC II expression. Npro deletion mutants induced an increase in DC maturation and IFN-alpha/beta production-for both ncp and cp viruses-despite reduced replication efficiency in the DC. Deletion of Npro did not influence dsRNA levels, indicating that the interference was downstream of dsRNA turnover regulation. In conclusion, the capacity of CSFV to replicate in myeloid DC, and prevent IFN-alpha/beta induction and DC maturation, requires both regulated dsRNA levels and the presence of viral Npro.     

固脱汤对失血性休克大鼠糖皮质激素受体的影响

目的和方法：以［３Ｈ］地塞米松为配体，用放射配体结合法测定了正常对照组、失血休克组和固脱汤加失血休克组大鼠肝胞液及胸腺细胞糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ），用竞争性蛋白结合分析法测定了血浆中皮质酮（ＣＣ）的浓度。结果：固脱汤加失血估克组失血１２ｈ后肝胞液及胸腺细胞ＧＲ高于失血组（Ｐ＜００１）。和正常对照组的差别不显著。失血休克组及固脱汤加失血休克组血浆ＣＣ的浓度的差别不显著，但均高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：固脱汤可在一定程度上防止失血休克时ＧＲ的减少而不影响血浆ＣＣ的水平，为固脱汤抗休克从受体水平提供了依据     

虎杖4号与多巴胺、654－2治疗大鼠失血性休克疗效比较

使用大鼠复制重度失血性休克模型后，分别用盐水、多巴胺、６５４－２及虎杖４号结晶给予治疗。结果：虎杖４号治疗组大鼠的平均存活时间明显长于其余三组，存活率亦有提高，给药后，三级动脉、静脉的口径恢复正常。提示：虎杖４号可以改善微循环；治疗大鼠失血性休克的疗效优于多巴胺及６５４－２。     

Elevated plasma levels of the long pentraxin, pentraxin 3, in severe dengue virus infections

C-reactive protein is one of the most widely used indicators of the response of acute-phase proteins. The measurement of C-reactive protein in dengue, however, is clinically not useful, because of marginally elevated levels and absent association with disease severity. The prototypic long pentraxin, pentraxin 3, is an acute phase protein that is structurally related but distinct from C-reactive protein which has proven to correlate with the severity of bacterial infection in critically ill patients. The potential involvement of pentraxin 3 in dengue and its aptitude to predict more severe disease or poor clinical outcome has not been studied previously. We therefore measured pentraxin 3 plasma levels in 44 dengue virus infected patients. Pentraxin 3 levels were strikingly higher when compared to C-reactive protein levels, with highest pentraxin 3 values observed in the first 7 days after the onset of symptoms. Median pentraxin 3 levels at admission and peak levels during follow up were higher in patients suffering from dengue shock syndrome (at admission: 119.3 ng/ml [interquartile range 61.8--188.7], peak values during follow up: 147.9 ng/ml [interquartile range 85.7--204.3]) compared to levels found in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (at admission: 59.0 ng/ml [interquartile range 28.6--100.3], P=0.040; peak values during follow up: 80.8 ng/ml [interquartile range 36.1--168.1], P=0.020). Our results indicate that pentraxin 3 seems to be a marker of infection better than C-reactive protein in dengue. The role of pentraxin 3 in the pathogenesis of dengue and its potential as an early prognostic indicator of disease severity needs further assessment.     

成人骨髓间充质干细胞对造血干细胞体外增殖的影响

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）对脐带血（CB）CD34^＋细胞体外增殖和造血重建能力的影响。方法取人骨髓单个核细胞贴壁培养．梭形细胞完全融合后传代，用流式细胞仪检测免疫表型；将CBCD34^＋细胞接种到MSC或其他培养液中．比较不同培养条件对造血干细胞扩增能力、集落形成能力及黏附分子表达的影响。结果在加入IL-3的培养体系中．在MSC和细胞因子作用下，CD34^＋细胞扩增7d和14d后，有核细胞（NC）、CD34^＋细胞和CDl33^＋细胞数，实验组均显著多于对照组。CD34＋细胞在未加入IL-3的培养体系中培养8d后，实验组NC、CD34^＋细胞、CD34^＋CD38-细胞和造血祖细胞集落扩增倍数均显著高于对照组。扩增后CD34^＋细胞的ALCAM、VLA-α4、VLA-α5、VLA-β1、HCAM、PECAM和LFA-1表达较扩增前无显著变化。结论MSC可为造血干细胞（HSC）体外扩增提供适宜的微环境，有助于CD34^＋细胞体外增殖并抑制HSC分化，保持其造血重建潜能和归巢能力。     

抗家鼠型肾综合征出血热病毒单克隆抗体对感染乳鼠保护作用的初步研究

以家鼠型HFRS病毒R22株100LD_(50)感染2～4日龄乳鼠。于感染后0、48、96及120h分别经腹腔注射对该株病毒具有中和活性的单一McAb或混合McAb,同时设该病毒免疫血清、单注射该病毒和Sp2/0腹水3种对照,观察McAb对感染乳鼠的保护作用,观察时间为35d。结果在感染后96h内注射单一McAb、混合McAb及免疫鼠血清的保护率均可达100％,而Sp2/0腹水对照组与病毒对照组的乳鼠均在感染后第13～16d发病死亡。在死亡乳鼠的脑,肺组织中检出了HFRS病毒抗原,而在保护存活乳鼠的脑、肺组织中均未检出病毒抗原。McAb对感染乳鼠的保护率与其浓度相关。在感染后24h分别注射不稀释、10~(-1)、10~(-2)和10~(-3)稀释的混合McAb,其保护率依次为100％、88.7％、55.6％和16.7％。     

慢病毒介导的外源基因体外投递系统的建立

目的针对不同哺乳类细胞建立相应的慢病毒体外感染体系，以建立慢病毒介导的外源基因体外投递系统。方法按Invitrogen公司推荐的标准程序进行慢病毒（携带EGFP基因）包装（脂质体介导的瞬时转染）、超速离心浓缩和保存等，随后用病毒上清或浓缩后的病毒感染293FT细胞，24—48h后荧光显微镜下观察是否见绿色荧光以证实慢病毒是否成功生产；将携带EGFP基因的病毒上清或浓缩后的病毒分别加入内含293FF细胞、小鼠ES细胞、小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEFs）或小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的培养板孔内，感染6—12h后，用相应培养基替换感染液，数天后荧光显微镜下观察是否见绿色荧光以证实慢病毒是否成功感染不同哺乳类细胞。结果按标准程序生产的携带EGFP基因慢病毒（病毒上清或浓缩后的病毒）成功高效率感染293FF细胞、MEFs或小鼠睾丸生殖细胞；用浓缩后的病毒（携带EGFP基因）感染小鼠ES细胞，亦可获得EGFP阳性的ES细胞克隆。结论熟练掌握了慢病毒包装、浓缩及鉴定等技术，同时针对不同哺乳类细胞建立了相应的慢病毒介导的外源基因体外传递系统，这些为相关后续研究打下了良好的基础。     

Oligomerization and polymerization of the filovirus matrix protein VP40

The matrix protein VP40 from Ebola virus plays an important role in the assembly process of virus particles by interacting with cellular factors, cellular membranes, and the ribonuclearprotein particle complex. Here we show that the N-terminal domain of VP40 folds into a mixture of two different oligomeric states in vitro, namely hexameric and octameric ringlike structures, as detected by gel filtration chromatography, chemical cross-linking, and electron microscopy. Octamer formation depends largely on the interaction with nucleic acids, which in turn confers in vitro SDS resistance. Refolding experiments with a nucleic acid free N-terminal domain preparation reveal a mostly dimeric form of VP40, which is transformed into an SDS resistant octamer upon incubation with E. coli nucleic acids. In addition, we demonstrate that the N-terminal domain of Marburg virus VP40 also folds into ringlike structures, similar to Ebola virus VP40. Interestingly, Marburg virus VP40 rings reveal a high tendency to polymerize into rods composed of stacked rings. These results may suggest distinct roles for different oligomeric forms of VP40 in the filovirus life cycle.