滑动环式椎弓根螺钉脊柱侧凸矫形系统的研制及动物实验研究

目的 通过生长期大型动物实验,考察滑动环式椎弓根钉脊柱侧凸矫形系统随脊柱生长的自动滑动性能及其对脊柱生长的影响.方法 将12只3个月龄幼山羊随机分为少锚定点组、多锚定点组及空白对照组.术前及术后1个月、3个月采用X线片、三维CT重建测量各组脊柱生长和环式椎弓根钉棒系统的滑动情况.实验结束后取手术节段脊柱进行大体标本观察.结果 各实验组三维CT重建及大体标本观察见椎体结构良好,发育正常;少锚定点组L5～T10脊柱生长长度为平均43.0 mm,钉棒滑动41.2 mm;多锚定点组L5～T10脊柱生长长度为平均43.5 mm,钉棒滑动39.4 mm;空白对照组L5～T10脊柱生长长度为平均40.9 mm.结论 滑动环式椎弓根钉脊柱侧凸矫形系统能够随脊柱生长而实现钉棒间的滑动.     

Histological factors contributing to a high risk of recurrence of submucosal invasive cancer (pT1) of the colon and rectum after endoscopic therapy

We analyzed the histological high-risk factors for recurrence of submucosal invasive carcinomas (pT1) of the colon and rectum after endoscopic therapy, examining pT1 cancers treated primarily by endoscopic resection within a 23-year period. We compared recurrent and nonrecurrent cancers, evaluating the following "highrisk factors" of the primary lesion: massive invasion, a surgical margin <2 mm but negativity for cancer in the cut end, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PD) (G3), undifferentiated carcinoma (G4), and/or positive angiolymphatic invasion. The following histological factors were defined as predictive of a low risk: minimum invasion, a surgical margin >2 mm, well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1, G2), and no evidence of angiolymphatic invasion. We analyzed the records of 37 patients with pT1 cancers, including 15 with high-risk factors who underwent subsequent resection. Local recurrence with or without liver metastases developed in 4 of these 15 patients. The histological type was PD in three (75%) of the four recurrent lesions. All four (100%) lesions showed a desmoplastic response (DR). Only 1 (9%) of the 11 patients without recurrence after subsequent surgery had a lesion with a small component of PD, and only three (27%) lesions showed a mild DR. We concluded that endoscopic therapy is inadequate for pT1 cancers with a histological PD component, and/or a DR in the cancer stroma.     

急腹症患者行急诊腹腔镜检查与治疗的临床分析(附364例报告)

目的:探讨急腹症患者行急诊腹腔镜检查与治疗的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2001年1月至2003年6月收治的364例急腹症患者行急诊腹腔镜检查与手术治疗的临床资料。结果:所有患者入院后早期(6h内)急诊行腹腔镜检查。根据探查所见决定手术方式。其中腹腔镜手术302例,中转手术62例。结论:急腹症患者,各项生命体征平稳能够耐受气腹是急诊腹腔镜探查的适应证,特别对于入院诊断不明确的患者,具有早期诊治,减轻痛苦,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用的优点。     

Evaluation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a tertiary health center of a developing country: management and survival

Aim The purpose was to evaluate the diagnosis and efficacy of management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in a tertiary health center of a developing country. Methods Forty-six children aged from 1 day to 7 years were studied. Parameters studied were age, sex, clinical features, and management. Results Fifty-six percent of patients presented in the neonatal period; however, none of them presented on the first day of life. The majority (91.3%) of patients had left-sided CDH. Respiratory distress was the most common clinical feature observed (91.3%). Chest X-ray confirmed the diagnosis in 82.6% of patients, and contrast study was needed in the remaining 17.4%. The survival rate was 87%. It was better in patients presenting late than those presenting in the early neonatal period. Stabilization in the preoperative period improved survival. Not using a chest tube had no adverse effect on survival. Conclusion The relatively increased survival rate of CDH in a tertiary health center of a developing country is attributed to delayed arrival to the center. Respiratory infections compound the survival. More studies are needed before it can be safely said that not using a chest tube has no adverse outcome. Late presentation has been associated with varied manifestations, hence proper clinical evaluation, a high index of suspicion and adequate management, which includes imaging and surgery after stabilization, gives excellent results.     

高血压患者不同血管紧张素转换酶基因型与全麻围拔管期心血管反应

目的 研究高血压患者不同血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因型与全麻围拔管期心血管反应的关系.方法 105例有高血压病史、ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级的腹部手术患者,按RFLP-PCR法测定ACE基因型分为A、B、C三组,每组35例.其中,A、C组为DD型,B组为Ⅱ型.三组均以相同麻醉药诱导及维持.C组拔管前经鼻腔滴入卡托普利混悬液25 mg.于术毕、拔管前、拔管后0、1.5、5、15 min记录SBP、DBP、HR和ECG,并计算心率收缩压乘积(RPP).结果 拔管前、拔管后0、1.5、5min A、B两组SBP、DBP、HR、RPP均较术毕显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),C组亦升高,但差异无统计学意义,A组较B、C组升高明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).A组围拔管期心律失常明显多于B、C组(P<0.05).结论 DD型高血压患者具有较高ACE活性水平,围拔管期血流动力学变化明显,卡托普利对此有一定防治效应.     

双对比钡餐造影对早期胃癌的诊断价值

目的探讨早期胃癌的双对比钡餐造影的特征及其临床诊断价值。方法对我院放射科在2003年1月至2007年12月间38例经手术或胃镜取病理证实早期胃癌在术前接受双对比钡餐造影X线检查进行回顾性分析。本组患者在检查时采用多体位、多轴位观察黏膜像及充盈像,并摄片,必要时使用压迫器。结果38例早期胃癌,位于胃窦部21例,胃角8例,胃体部5例,胃底部4例,Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱc型7例,Ⅱa＋c型6例,Ⅲ型14例。高分化腺癌10例,低分化腺癌6例,粘液腺癌7例,印戒细胞癌5例,中分化管状腺癌10例。11例结节状隆起型,13例表浅型,14例凹陷型。结论优良的双对比钡餐造影法是将粘膜法、充盈法和压迫法充分结合,并利用体位进行检查,它有助于检出早期胃癌。     

膀胱鳞状细胞癌（附12例报告）

目的提高对膀胱鳞状细胞癌的诊治水平。方法回顾分析1980年1月至1999年7月收治的12例膀胱鳞状细胞癌临床资料,结合献进行讨论。结果12例中膀胱部分切除术6例,全膀胱切除术 尿流改道术4例,姑息性尿流改道术2例。随访1年生存率50％(6／12),5年生存率16．7％(2／12)。结论膀胱鳞状细胞癌浸润性强,恶性程度高,预后不良。早期诊断、严格掌握手术指征是提高膀胱鳞状细胞癌患5年生存率的有效措施。     

颈椎脊髓损伤早期死亡原因分析

目的探讨颈椎脊髓损伤早期死亡原因。方法回顾性分析1993年1月～2005年12月63例颈椎脊髓损伤早期死亡病例的一般状况、受伤原因、受伤至入院时间、脊柱损伤节段、脊髓损伤严重程度、合并伤、颈椎脊髓损伤影像学表现、治疗方法、过程及结果,总结其早期死亡的原因。结果本组49例因呼吸衰竭死亡,8例因多脏器功能衰竭死亡,2例因癫痫发作导致急性呼吸、循环衰竭死亡,2例因多发伤导致肺部感染及感染性休克死亡,2例因上消化道大出血导致出血性休克死亡。结论呼吸衰竭为颈椎脊髓损伤早期死亡的首要原因,其与脊髓损伤节段及损伤程度密切相关。     

Internal fixation in compound type III fractures presenting after golden period

Objective:

Patients often reach the hospital late after passage of golden hours (initial 6 hours) after sustaining high-velocity injuries. The decision of internal fixation in Gustilo''s Type IIIA and IIIB fractures becomes a formidable challenge in patients reaching late. The purpose of the present study was to find out if internal fixation could be safely undertaken in these patients.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-three patients, having 70 compound fractures (46 Type IIIA and 24 IIIB), which were internally fixed after 6h but within 24h after injury, were included in the present analysis. Follow-up ranged from 18 to 48 months with mean of 28 months.

Result:

Overall infection rate noted was (n = 11) 15.71% (8.7% in IIIA, and 29.16% in IIIB). The difference in deep infection rate between Type IIIA and Type IIIB was found to be statistically significant (P value < 0.01). Nonunion was seen in five fractures. Functional evaluation using Katenjian''s criteria, showed 62.85% (44 fractures of 70) good to excellent results.

Conclusion:

Satisfactory results may be obtained in Gustilo''s Type IIIA and IIIB fractures even if fixed after the golden period, provided strict protocol such as aggressive debridement, prophylactic antibiotic coverage, early soft tissue reconstruction and timely bone grafting is followed. The primary coverage of the wound is discouraged.     

Bromodeoxyuridine Labeling Index as an Indicator of Early Tumor Response to Preoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer

Purpose Assessment of tumor proliferation rate using Bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdUrdLI) as a possible predictor of rectal cancer response to preoperative radiotherapy (RT). Methods and material Ninety-two patients were qualified either to short RT (5 Gy/fraction/5 days) and surgery about 1 week after RT (schedule I), or to short RT and 4–5 weeks interval before surgery (schedule II). Tumor samples were taken twice from each patient: before RT and at the time of surgery. The samples were incubated with BrdUrd for 1 h at 37°C, and the BrdUrdLI was calculated as a percentage of BrdUrd-labeled cells. Results Thirty-eight patients were treated according to schedule I and 54 patients according to schedule II. Mean BrdUrdLI before RT was 8.5% and its value did not differ between the patients in the two compared groups. After RT tumors showed statistically significant growth inhibition (reduction of BrdUrdLI). As the pretreatment BrdUrd LI was not predictive for early clinical and pathologic tumor response, prognostic role of the ratio of BrdUrdLI after to BrdUrdLI before RT was considered. The ratios were calculated separately for fast (BrdUrd LI > 8.5%) and slowly (BrdUrd LI ≤ 8.5%) proliferating tumors and correlated with overall treatment time (OTT, i.e., time from the first day of RT to surgery). One month after RT, accelerated proliferation was observed only in slowly proliferating tumors. Conclusions Pretreatment BrdUrdLI was not predictive for early clinical and pathologic tumor response. The ratio after/before RT BrdUrdLI was correlated to inhibition of proliferation in responsive tumors. The paper was presented at ECCO 13, October 30 to November 03, 2005 in Paris, France