金属镉促进甲状腺未分化癌FRO细胞增殖的作用及机制

目的 探讨金属镉对甲状腺未分化癌FRO细胞增殖的影响及其作用机制.方法 Western blot法检测FRO、MCF-7和MAD-MB-231细胞中G蛋白偶联受体1(G protein-coupled estrogen receptor,GPER1)表达水平.不同浓度(0、0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00 mmol/L)镉(CdC12)处理FRO、MCF-7及MAD-MB-231细胞48 h后,MTF法检测细胞增殖率.0.5 mmol/L镉分别处理FRO细胞0、5、10、15、30 min,Western blot法检测ERK1/2和Akt的磷酸化水平.GPER1抑制剂G15处理FRO细胞后,设计合成针对GPER1的小干扰RNA(GPER-siRNA)并转染FRO细胞,采用Western blot再次检测ERK1/2和Akt磷酸化水平.分别用GPER1抑制剂G15、ERK1/2抑制剂(PD98059)和PI3 K-Akt抑制剂(LY294002)、GPER-siRNA处理FRO细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖率.结果 GPER1在MAD-MB-231细胞中表达水平明显低于MCF-7、FRO细胞.不同浓度CdC12处理FRO、MCF-7及MAD-MB-231细胞48 h后,低浓度CdCl2促进FRO、MCF-7细胞增殖,对MAD-MB-231细胞增殖无显著影响;高浓度CdC12对细胞均具有抑制作用.0.5 mmol/L CdC12处理FRO细胞不同时间后,ERK1/2与Akt的磷酸化水平在15 min达最大值.GPER1抑制剂G15处理FRO细胞,ERK1/2与Akt的磷酸化水平显著降低(P＜0.05).GPER1的小干扰RNA干扰后,ERK1/2与Akt的磷酸化水平明显降低(P＜0.05).G15、PD、LY和GPER-siRNA处理FRO细胞,细胞增殖率均显著下降.结论 金属镉通过GPER1-ERK/Akt信号通路促进FRO细胞的增殖.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠白内障的ERK通路介导机制及其抑制剂PD98059的改善作用

目的：分析ERK通路在Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠白内障发生中的参与机制及PD98059的改善作用。方法35只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组、PD98059低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组(每组7只)。小剂量STZ联合高糖高脂饮食120 d复制糖尿病大鼠白内障模型,第64天每天对各组大鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水或PD98059。分析各组大鼠晶状体状态及胰岛素抵抗系数HOMA-IR的变化,Real-time PCR和Western blotting分析晶状体中ERK通路相关蛋白ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、p38及内质网应激蛋白ATF6、PERK的表达变化。结果与对照组大鼠比较,糖尿病组大鼠晶状体明显浑浊,HOMA-IR明显增高,晶状体组织中p-ERK1/2、p38、PERK和ATF6表达上调,而总ERK的表达未发生变化。PD8059可以显著改善上述晶状体及相关蛋白表达的异常,且具有剂量依从性。结论激活的ERK信号通路参与了Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠白内障发病过程,PD95059通过抑制上调表达的p38-pERK1/2及内质网应激起缓解作用。     

松果菊苷通过激活ERK/BMP-2信号通路促进大鼠的成骨细胞增殖观察

目的：考察松果菊苷对大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响及作用机制。方法将不同浓度的松果菊苷（0.01,0.1,1.0,10.0,100 nmol/L）及MAPK/ERK信号通路抑制剂PD98059（20μmol/L）与成骨细胞共培养12,24,36,48,60 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和qRT-PCR法检测细胞上清中和成骨细胞中骨钙素（BGP）和骨形态发生蛋白（BMP-2）的表达水平。Western blotting检测成骨细胞中Smad4、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2的蛋白表达水平。结果松果菊苷能够促进大鼠成骨细胞的增殖,而且能诱导ERK 的磷酸化从而激活 MAPK/ERK 信号通路,并提高成骨细胞中 BMP-2和 Smad4的表达而激活BMP/Smad信号通路。加入PD98059后,松果菊苷诱导的BMP-2和Smad4表达及成骨细胞增殖均受到抑制。结论松果菊苷可通过激活ERK/BMP-2信号通路促进大鼠的成骨细胞增殖。     

Visfatin Protects Rat Pancreatic β-cells against IFN-γ-Induced Apoptosis through AMPK and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways

ObjectiveInterferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays an important role in apoptosis and was shown to increase the risk of diabetes.Visfatin, an adipokine, has anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and regulating inflammatory properties. In this study we investigated the effect of visfatin on IFN-γ-induced apoptosis in rat pancreatic β-cells. MethodsThe RINm5F (rat insulinoma cell line) cells exposed to IFN-γ were treated with or without visfatin. The viability and apoptosis of the cells were assessed by using MTT and flow cytometry. The expressionsof mRNA and protein were detected by using real-time PCR and western blot analysis. ResultsThe exposure of RINm5F cells to IFN-γ for 48 h led to increased apoptosis percentage of the cells. Visfatin pretreatment significantly increased the cellviability and reduced the cell apoptosis induced by IFN-γ. IFN-γ-induced increase in expression of p53 mRNA and cytochrome c protein, decrease in mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were attenuated by visfatin pretreatment. Visfatin alsoincreasedAMPK and ERK1/2phosphorylation and the anti-apoptotic action of visfatin was attenuated by the AMPK and ERK1/2 inhibitor. ConclusionThese results suggested that visfatin protected pancreatic islet cells against IFN-γ-induced apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. The anti-apoptotic action of visfatin is mediated by activation of AMPK and ERK1/2 signaling molecules.     

反义细胞外信号调节激酶-2基因治疗移植物动脉血管病内膜病变

目的 观察移植物动脉血管病(TA)的内膜病变机制和反义细胞外信号调节激酶2基因腺病毒载体(Adanti-ERK2)基因治疗的效果.方法 建立Brown-Norway(BN)-Lewis移植物动脉血管病模型,分为同系组、Control组、LacZ组和Adanti-ERK2组(给予5×109 pfu Adanti-ERK2基因治疗),每组各6例.术后60 d检测各组内膜病变和血管腔内膜/(内膜+中膜)比,α-肌动蛋白(α-actin)和血小板源性生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)染色检测移植动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)增殖和分泌功能,评估移植动脉新生毛细血管情况并检测移植动脉中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)的表达.结果　术后60 d同系组内膜无异常,Control组和LacZ组典型内膜增殖改变,Adanti-ERK2组内膜病变较轻;内膜/(内膜+中膜)比各组分别为7.6%、81.4%、85.9%、15.9%;α-actin阳性细胞(内膜平滑肌细胞)每视野计数各组分别为0、71.3±9.2、76.4±11.3、34.8±5.3;PDGF-BB阳性细胞每视野计数各组分别为0.9±0.5、28.4±3.4、29.1±3.2、8.6±1.7;移植动脉中膜和内膜新生毛细血管检测各组分别无、丰富、丰富、少量;COX-2新生血管阳性细胞计数各组分别为0、36.3±8.3、40.9±9.2、10.4±3.9.Adanti-ERK2组与其他组别间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论　内膜增生,血管腔缩窄,PDGF-BB诱导内膜平滑肌细胞募集分化并激发血管新生是TA重要病理生理环节,AdantiERK2基因治疗可有效干预各发病环节,达到治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the mechanisms of intimal injury underlying transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) and to clarify the treatment effect of adenovirus-mediated anti-extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 (Adanti-ERK2) gene therapy on TA. Methods The Brown-Norway (BN)-Lewis TA model was employed. According to different gene therapy, the recipients were divided into isograft group, control group, LacZ group, which were used as control, and Adanti-ERK2 group (5 × 109 pfu Adanti-ERK2 was transferred into the graft before transplant, 6 cases in each group). The grafts were harvested on the day60 post-transplantation to evaluate the intimal injury and calculate the ratio of intima/( intima + media). The staining of α-actin and PDGF-BB was performed to analyze proliferation and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The angingenesis was evaluated and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) staining was detected. Results The intima was normal in the isograft group but a typical intimal proliferation was observed in the control group and the LacZ group. A mild intima injury was obtained in the Adanti-ERK2 group. The ratio of intima/( intima + media) was 7.6%, 81.4%, 85.9% and 15.9% in isograft, control, LacZ and Adanti-ERK2 groups, respectively. The α-actin staining-positive cells, which indicated VSMCs, were counted per vision-field as 0, 71.3 ± 9.2, 76. 4 ± 11.3 and 34. 8 ± 5.3, respectively. The platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) positive cells were counted as 0. 9 ± 0. 5, 28.4 ± 3.4,29. 1 ± 3.2 and 8.6 ± 1.7, respectively. The angiogenesis was detected as none, abundant, abundant and few, and COX-2 positive cells were counted as 0, 36. 3 ± 8. 3, 40. 9 ± 9. 2 and 10. 4 ± 3.9, respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 between Adanti-ERK2 group and other groups). Conclusion Intimal proliferation, luminal narrow, VSMCs recruitment and differentiation induced by PDGF-BB in intima and the following angiogenesis are the important pathophysiological process of TA. Adanti-ERK2 gene therapy modulates the process and then ameliorates TA.     

A型肉毒毒素对增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖、凋亡及对ERK/MAPK信号通路的影响

目的 探讨A型肉毒毒素对体外培养的人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖、凋亡及对ERK/MAPK信号通路的影响。方法 采用组织块法将人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞分离并培养。将其分为对照组及A型肉毒毒素组。A型肉毒毒素组则给予含有0.4U/L A型肉毒毒素的DMEM培养基进行培养。对照组采用单纯DMEM培养基培养。在第1、3、5、7天时采用CCK8试剂盒检测细胞增殖并比较。采用流式细胞术对对照组和A型肉毒毒素干预的成纤维细胞行凋亡检测。Western blot法检测对照组、A型肉毒毒素组及U0126干预组成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（collagen Ⅰ）, p-ERK1/2及总ERK蛋白相对表达量。结果 A型肉毒毒素能够显著抑制成纤维细胞增殖活性,干预7天时,细胞数量仅为对照组的68.9%。A型肉毒毒素组成纤维细胞的凋亡比率为35.9%,显著高于对照组。三组成纤维细胞的总ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而p-ERK1/2在对照组则仍显著高表达,但A型肉毒毒素组和U0126组的p-EKR1/2则显著受抑制,且低表达。Ⅰ型胶原蛋白则在对照组中高表达,显著高于A型肉毒毒素组和U0126组（P<0.05）。结论 A型肉毒毒素能够通过抑制ERK/MAPK信号通路而使得成纤维细胞凋亡增加,增殖活性减弱,Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌减少。     

ERK1/2在姜黄素对肺癌A549细胞增殖抑制中的作用

目的: 探讨姜黄素在抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖过程中,对ERK1/2丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路的影响。方法: 不同浓度的姜黄素作用于A549细胞24 h后,采用MTT法检测姜黄素对A549肺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用;应用Westernblot分别检测ERK/2、p-ERK/2蛋白及其下游相关基因基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制物-1(TIMP-1)的表达。结果: 姜黄素对A549细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,且具有剂量依赖性(P<0.01)。姜黄素抑制A549细胞p-ERK蛋白的表达(P<0.05),但不影响总ERK1/2蛋白的表达;姜黄素可促进TIMP-1蛋白表达(P<0.05),但抑制MMP-9的表达(P<0.01)。结论: 姜黄素影响ERK1/2MAPK信号转导通路,调节凋亡相关蛋白表达是其抑制A549细胞细胞增殖的作用之一。     

茯苓多糖对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、迁移、促凋亡的影响及其机制

目的 探讨茯苓多糖（Pachymaran）对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、迁移、促凋亡的作用及其相关机制。方法 MTT法检测细胞增殖率并筛选出适宜的茯苓多糖低、中、高浓度用于后续实验；不同浓度的茯苓多糖处理细胞后，倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化；Hoechst 33342染色观察细胞核的变化；平板克隆实验检测细胞克隆形成能力；细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力；流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率及细胞周期；Western blot法检测凋亡、迁移及ERK通路相关蛋白的表达。结果 茯苓多糖浓度对HeLa细胞活力的影响实验得出，取30、40、50 mg/ml茯苓多糖作为低、中、高浓度进行后续实验；中、高浓度茯苓多糖处理细胞后，细胞和细胞核发生显著的凋亡形态学变化，低浓度下形态学变化不显著；不同浓度茯苓多糖均能降低细胞克隆形成能力；降低细胞迁移率（P<0.05）；使细胞凋亡率增加（P<0.05）；使S期细胞减少并阻滞于G₂/M期（P<0.05）；Cleaved Caspase 3、Cleaved Caspase 8、Cleaved Caspase 9、Bax表达较对照组明显增多，Bcl-2、MMP-9、VEGFA、p-ERK1/2表达明显减少（P<0.05）。ERK1/2表达无明显变化。结论 茯苓多糖能显著抑制HeLa细胞增殖，并诱导其凋亡。其促凋亡机制可能与下调p-ERK1/2表达，抑制ERK信号通路磷酸化有关。同时，茯苓多糖对抑制HeLa细胞的迁移也有一定的作用。     

Effects of caveolin-1 and P-ERK1/2 on Ang II-induced glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Abstract

This study explored the effects of caveolin-1, p-ERK1/2 and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation, and investigated the role of Ang II on GMC proliferation. GMC cultures were divided into Control, Ang II (Ang II 10^?7?mol/L), PD98059 (Ang II 10^?7?mol/L?+?PD98059 5?×?10^?5?mol/L) and MβCD groups (Ang II 10^?7?mol/L?+?MβCD 10^?2?mol/L). GMCs proliferation was measured by the methyl thiazolil tetracolium and trypan blue assays. The distribution of caveolin-1, p-ERK1/2 and TRPC6 was monitored by immunocytochemistry. Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess mRNA expression of caveolin-1 and TRPC6. Western blot analysis was used to assess protein expression of caveolin-1, p-ERK1/2 and TRPC6. The results showed that Ang II promoted GMC proliferation. PD98059 and MβCD blocked Ang II-induced GMC proliferation, by 31.06% and 48.96%, respectively. In comparison with the control group, the expression of p-ERK1/2 and TRPC6 was significantly higher and caveolin-1 expression was significantly lower in the Ang II group. PD98059 markedly decreased p-ERK1/2 and TRPC6 expression and increased caveolin-1 expression. MβCD decreased the expression of p-ERK1/2 and TRPC6, but had no significant effect on caveolin-1 protein expression. These findings suggested that the intact caveolae structure was associated with Ang II-induced GMC proliferation, ERK1/2 activation and TRPC6 expression. And p-ERK1/2 acted as an upstream signal molecule for TRPC6. Moreover, p-ERK1/2 and caveolin-1 appeared to be inhibited reciprocally, thus regulated GMC proliferation by regulating TRPC6 expression.