免疫磁性捕获ELISA法检测甘草中甘草蛋白的研究

目的 制备甘草蛋白免疫磁性微球，并建立快速、精确的免疫磁性捕获ELISA法检测甘草蛋白。方法 采用种子聚合法合成聚苯乙烯磁性微球，并以兔抗甘草蛋白IgG抗体致敏，制备特异性捕获甘草特征蛋白的免疫磁性微球。以生物素标记抗体为示踪抗体，结合辣根过氧化物酶标亲和素建立ELISA检测系统，用于甘草药材和含甘草中成药中甘草蛋白的分析。结果 利用该方法对甘草药材和中成药中甘草蛋白抗原检测，检测灵敏度达到10ng／mL。结论 免疫磁性捕获ELISA检测技术方便、快速、准确，为生药的品种鉴定及中成药的质量控制提供一种新方法。     

双波长等吸收紫外分光法测定玻璃体内苏拉明浓度

[目的]设计并论证检测玻璃体内苏拉明质量浓度的双波长等吸收紫外分光法.[方法]25只白兔摘除眼球冷冻后获取玻璃体,经过匀浆、沉淀、稀释等系列预处理后首先检验正常兔眼玻璃体个体差异性及紫外分光法测定玻璃体内苏拉明浓度的方法学特异性.接着建立标准曲线方程,考察检测方法的精密度和准确度,确立最低检测定量限,最后检测苏拉明在玻璃体内的样品稳定性.[结果]选取261 nm和269 nm两波长,全部6个个体及混合玻璃体的吸光值差△A(A261-A269)介于±0.002之间;外加高、低浓度苏拉明的曲线以及实际注药的高、低浓度苏拉明曲线与空白玻璃体的曲线走势一致且位于其上,各曲线的波峰波谷位置未见偏移;标准曲线方程为y=4 234 x 2,r=0.999 1;次低、中浓度、次高标准浓度点的日内相对标准差(RSD)分别为13.16%、9\67%、10.35%,日间RSD分别为17.59%、10.09%、11.11%,相对回收率分别为:(95.89±0.08)%、(96.69±0.07)%、(97.43±0.01)%;设计标准曲线的最低质量浓度45μg/mL;其日内、日间相对标准差分别为14.14%、15.94%,检验回收率为(94.92±0.01)%;常温组样品,8 h及以内稳定性尚好,之后不稳定.低温组及3次冻融组稳定性良好.[结论]在给定条件下,白兔玻璃体的个体差异可以忽略,双波长等吸收紫外分光法检测玻璃体内苏拉明浓度的方法学特异性好,精确度、准确度、灵敏度和样品稳定性符合规定要求,因此用该方法测定的玻璃体内药物浓度结果可靠.     

Antibody reactivity to a synthetic peptide (P62) of the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen in sera of patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measured IgG antiboody titers againt a synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from the glycine-alanine repeating region of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear associated antigen 1 (EBNA-1). Antibody titers were determined in sera from 15 normal subjects, sera from 21 normal male siblings of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) patients, from 20 XLP patients comprising a total of 42 samples, and ten samples before and ten samples after gamma-globulin therapy in ten patients with XLP. Data analysis demonstrated that while there are differences between the ELISA and ACIF, they appear to measure a similar response as demonstrated by their correlation coefficient (0.77) and the GMT to EBNA observed by both methods. No cross-reactivity of cytomegalovirus antibodies to the EBNA-1 peptide was observed by immunobv using adsorption against AD-169 infected MRC-5 cells.. However, non-specific binding was observed if samples were not pre-incubated in a 10% goat serum PBS-Tween 20 solution. This pre-treatment removed the non-specific binding that falsely elevated GMT in approximately 15% of both normal and XLP samples in ELISA. The ELISA system appears to be a sensitive, reproducible and objective test that may be useful for assessing the antibody responses of patients to the EBNA-1 protein.     

分泌巨噬细胞激活因子的淋巴细胞前体细胞的定量检测研究

巨噬细胞激活因子(MAF),是致敏T淋巴细胞在抗原刺激下产生的一种淋巴因子,它能激活巨噬细胞,是参与细胞免疫效应的一种重要免疫分子。因此,当机体接受抗原刺激后,若测定淋巴组织或淋巴细胞群中该种抗原特异的分泌MAF的淋巴细胞前体细胞(MAF-P)的数目,可在一定程度上反映机体的免疫反应能力。本文试图应用     

Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity and its impact on diagnostic assays

Summary.  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) circulates in blood as closely related, but genetically diverse molecules called quasispecies. During replication, HBV production may approach 10¹¹ molecules/day, although during peak activity this rate may increase 100–1000 times. Generally, DNA polymerases have excellent fidelity in reading DNA templates because they are associated with an exonuclease which removes incorrectly added nucleotides. However, the HBV-DNA polymerase lacks fidelity and proofreading function partly because exonuclease activity is either absent or deficient. Thus, the HBV genome and especially the envelope gene, is mutated with unusually high frequency. These mutations can affect more than one open reading frame because of overlapping genes. The S gene contains an exposed major hydrophilic region (residues 110–155), which encompasses the 'a' determinant that is important for inducing immunity. Nucleotide substitutions in this region are common and result in reduced binding or failure to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in diagnostic assays. Adaptive immunity also depends on the recognition of HBsAg by specific antibody and variants pose a threat if they interfere with binding to antibody. Finally, genomic hypervariability allows HBV to escape selection pressures imposed by antiviral therapies, vaccines and the host immune system, and is responsible for creating genotypes, subgenotypes and subtypes.     

A cyclic peptide–polymer probe for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A

A Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) ELISA detection system was developed based upon an 11-mer cyclic peptide, termed C11-019, that was identified through peptide phage display technology. The assay employs a sandwich format using the C11-019 cyclic peptide attached to a PEMA (poly(ethylene maleic anhydride)) matrix as the capture phase and anti-BoNT/A polyclonal antibodies as the detection phase. Results reported demonstrate that the C11-019 peptide–polymer can specifically bind to BoNT/A with no cross-reactivity to other serotypes examined in assay buffers and a variety of body fluids and foodstuffs. When a highly sensitive chemiluminescent substrate was engaged, the detection of 1 pg/mL could be readily achieved within 3 h with a linear range of 0.1–1 ng/mL. These results demonstrate that an inexpensive peptide–polymer-based capture ELISA system can be used for rapid, sensitive and highly specific BoNT detection.     

Progression-free interval in ovarian cancer and predictive value of an ex vivo chemoresponse assay

The study objective was to determine the effectiveness of a phenotypic chemoresponse assay in predicting response to chemotherapy measured by progression-free interval (PFI) in a retrospective series of ovarian cancer patients whose tumor specimens had been tested with the ChemoFx assay. A statistically significant correlation between assay prediction of response and PFI was observed in 256 cases with an exact or partial match between drug(s) assayed and received. In 135 cases with an exact match, the hazard ratio for progression of the resistant group was 2.9 (confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-6.3; P < 0.01) compared to the sensitive group and 1.7 (CI: 1.2-2.5) for the intermediate compared to the sensitive group. The median PFI for patients treated with drugs assayed as resistant was 9 months, 14 months for those with drugs assayed as intermediately sensitive, and PFI had not been achieved for those with drugs assayed as sensitive. These data indicate that the ChemoFx assay is predictive of PFI in ovarian cancer. As the majority of ovarian cancers display different degrees of response to different chemotherapy agents ex vivo, the incorporation of assay information into treatment selection has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.     

Assay of cytomegalovirus susceptibility to ganciclovir in renal and heart transplant recipients

Ganciclovir (GCV) prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy significantly reduce the rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and viremia, but increase the potential for emergence of ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains. The inhibitor concentration at 50% (IC(50)) of GCV from 156 CMV isolates from 59 renal or heart transplant recipients was calculated by means of a rapid phenotypic susceptibility assay. Twenty-seven strains were from 14 patients undergoing GCV therapy. The IC(50) was higher in patients under the prophylaxis regimen. One CMV strain, from a heart transplant recipient, became GCV-resistant after 1 month of therapy (IC(50)=13.7 micromol/l). These data, together with clinical and virological markers, suggested that a switch to foscarnet was necessary, and good evolution was observed. Thus, assay of CMV susceptibility to GCV could be helpful in clinical management.     

管碟法测定Nisin效价

对管碟法测定Nisin效价的条件进行了研究,考察了几个参数的影响,得出了Nisin测定的最佳条件:90mm培养皿中培养基加量为15mL,Na2HPO4·12H2O质量浓度1g/dL,菌悬液浓度109CFU/mL,琼脂质量浓度1g/dL,培养基pH值7.0,牛津杯中样品加液量100μL.在此条件下,Nisin效价在5～100IU/mL,其对数值与抑菌圈直径有较好的线性关系.