煎煮时间和煎煮次数对三种芍药汤剂中芍药苷含量的影响

目的比较不同煎煮时间和煎煮次数对芍药甘草汤、芍药柴胡汤和芍药汤中芍药苷含量的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定不同煎煮时间(2～4h)和煎煮次数(1～2次)对上述3种汤剂中芍药苷的析出量。结果煎煮时间对芍药甘草汤、芍药柴胡汤和芍药汤中的芍药苷的析出量影响不明显,而煎煮次数明显影响各汤剂中芍药苷的析出量,相同的煎煮时间和用水量,增加煎煮次数能增加汤剂中芍药苷的析出量。结论本研究为传统中医方剂汤液的制备方法的合理性提供了科学依据。     

The reflection of retinal light response information onto the superior colliculus in the rat

Background The functional principles of mediation of retina-encoded visual information through the optic nerve to the superior colliculus (SC) of the contralateral brain hemisphere were investigated in non-drugged and unrestrained albino rats by considering the following issues: (1) the type of information transmitted, (2) the response components of the retina and SC involved in encoding the transmitted information, and (3) the timing of related processes. Methods The field potential responses for different intensities of flashes, under different background illuminations, were simultaneously recorded from the sclera area of the eye and the optic layer of the contralateral SC. Results It was found that the b-wave crest of the retinal electroretinogram (ERG) and the peak-1 or peak-2 of the SC correlate by their amplitude, while the a-wave trough of the retinal ERG and the peak-1 of the SC correlate by their latency. The values of these mutually correlating response components were invariably determined by the given light response bias of the retina (photoreceptors), the change in the photon flux of the light stimulus and, obviously, the change in the wavelength of the light stimulus. The a-wave trough, peak-1, b-wave crest and peak-2 were invariably induced in this time-order. Conclusions The data suggest that the information properties of (a) intensity, (b) presentation time and, obviously, (c) colour of the light stimulus, such as are shed on the retina, and information about the light response bias of the retina are mediated correlatively and quantitatively to the cell network system of the SC through the optic nerve. These processes must happen during the a-to-b-wave phases of the ERG. The data indicate that the random-type variations in the activity of the related cellular systems may actually be harnessed in mediating the defined information properties of the visual stimulus from the retina to the SC of the brain through the optic nerve. This study shows a method of measuring the function of the optic nerve. Results of this study have tentatively been presented at the ARVO 2004 meeting. The author has full control of all primary data and agrees to allow Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology to review this data if requested.     

GC法测定盐酸左旋咪唑片的含量

目的:建立GC法测定盐酸左旋咪唑片中盐酸左旋咪唑的含量。方法:毛细管气相色谱法,以联苯胺为内标。结果:线性范围0.5～2.5mg/ml;r=0.9991。回收率为99.4%,RSD=0.74%。结论:方法简便,精确,重现性好,可很好地控制盐酸左旋咪唑的内在质量。     

Evaluation of free radical scavenging and antityrosinase activities of standardized longan fruit extract.

The protective effects of fruits and vegetables against chronic diseases have been attributed to the antioxidant properties of some secondary metabolites present in these foods. Plant polyphenols have been reported to exhibit bioactive properties, and in particular antioxidant activities. Longan seeds are found to contain high levels of some beneficial polyphenolic compounds such as corilagin, gallic acid and ellagic acid. The present study examined the free radical scavenging activity of longan seed extract by using three different assay methods. Longan extracts contained corilagin ranging from zero to 50.64 mg/g DW, gallic acid from 9.18 to 23.04 mg/g DW, and ellagic acid from 8.13 to 12.65 mg/g DW depending on the cultivars. Dried longan seed extracts of cultivar Edor contained high levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid and also exhibited the highest radical scavenging activities when comparing fresh seed and dried pulp extracts. For scavenging activity of DPPH and superoxide radicals, longan seed extract was found to be as effective as Japanese green tea extract while dried longan pulp and mulberry green tea extracts showed the least scavenging activities. In the ORAC assay, both fresh and dried longan seed also had higher activity than dried pulp and whole fruit. However, the results demonstrate that three polyphenolics may not be the major contributors of the high antioxidant activity of longan water extracts but this high activity may be due to other phenolic/flavonoid glycosides and ellagitannins present in longan fruit. In addition, longan seed also showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 2.9-3.2 mg/ml. Therefore, the preliminary observations suggest that longan seed extract could be another potential source of potent natural dietary antioxidants and also in an application as a new natural skin-whitening agent.     

甘草与大戟甘遂芫花配伍对大鼠肝脏细胞色素P4501A2酶活性的影响

目的研究甘草与大戟、甘遂、芫花合用对细胞色素P450(CYP)1A2酶活性的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定CYP1A2活性。结果单用甘草诱导CYP1A2的酶活性;大戟、甘遂、芫花单用抑制CYP1A2的酶活性;甘草与大戟、甘遂、芫花合用后抑制了CYP1A2的酶活性。结论甘草与大戟、甘遂、芫花合用对CYP1A2酶活性的抑制作用主要是由大戟、甘遂、芫花引起的。     

GC法测定复方盐酸阿扑吗啡鼻喷剂中薄荷脑的含量

目的：建立新药复方盐酸阿扑吗啡鼻喷剂中薄荷脑（C10H20O）的含量测定方法。方法：采用PEG-20M石英毛细管色谱柱（CBP125M×0．25μm，日本岛津）气相色谱法。检测器：氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）；柱温：程序升温，初始温度80℃，保持2分钟，以每分种10℃的速率升温至180℃；进样口温度：180℃；检测器温度：200℃：载气：氮气；流速：40ml／分钟；分流比：1：50。以正十四烷为内标物，内标法定量。结果：薄荷脑在0．188～2．25mg·ml^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系，r=0．99998（n=7）；回收率为98．2％。分析了3批样品，薄荷脑的含量为标示量的99．4％～100．0％。结论：本法专属性强、简便、准确。为该复方制剂中薄荷脑成分提供了切实可行的质控方法。     

益卫康宝胶囊的质量控制

［摘要］目的建立益卫康宝胶囊(主要组分为延胡索、当归、三棱等)的质量标准。方法鉴别采用薄层色谱法（TLC），检查项考察装量差异及崩解时限等，含量项采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定制剂中延胡索乙素。色谱条件：SinoChrom ODS BP (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) 柱，流动相：0.1%磷酸(用三乙胺调节pH 值为6.0) 甲醇（40：60），检测波长282 nm。结果TLC具有专属性，装量差异在±10%范围内，供试样品在7.9～10.7 min的时间范围内全部崩解，含量测定方法准确可靠，线性关系良好，平均回收率97.20%，RSD 1.26%。结论该质量标准准确、全面、可靠，适用于益卫康宝胶囊的质量控制。     

水中12种有机磷农药的毛细管气相色谱测定法

目的建立同时测定水中多种有机磷农药的气相色谱测定方法。方法水中的微量有机磷化合物经液-液萃取后,用DB-1701毛细管色谱柱,同时在程序升温和恒线速度氮载气条件下进行气相色谱分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果该方法12种有机磷农药的线性范围为0.2～50.0μg/L,相关系数≥0.9991,最低检出浓度为0.009～0.04μg/L,水样加标回收率为78.4%～93.9%,RSD为3.4%～7.5%。结论该方法一次性完成水中12种有机磷化合物的分离和测定,分析时间仅为32.5min,操作简便、灵敏。     

CF接口技术在诱发电位测试系统中的应用

本文介绍了一种基于PDA等移动计算平台和CF接口技术的诱发电位测试系统的设计。这种诱发电位测试系统在PDA等移动计算设备的CF接口基础上，设计出工作于10模式的CF＋卡，并编写出运行于Windows CE等移动操作系统平台上的设备驱动程序和数据采集、处理程序，完成诱发电信号的产生和诱发电位的采集。系统对输入的模拟信号进行调理，A／D转换后，进行数字信号处理，处理结果显示在PDA上。本系统硬件设计简洁，软件支持完善，能够满足各种诱发电位生理研究的需要。     

血浆中盐酸可乐定的气相色谱测定法

本文采用气相色谱－电子捕获检测法测定家兔血浆中可乐定的浓度。以盐酸普萘洛尔为内标，在碱性条件下用乙酸乙酯提取，提取物经３，５－二（三氟甲基）苯甲酰氯衍生化后，进行ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ分析。样品与内标分离较好，保留时间分别为１６．５和２１．４ｍｉｎ。测定线性范围为２０～８００ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９１），测定下限为５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。平均回收率为９２．８％±２．０％，日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为２．３％和３．３％。文中所建方法具有灵敏、重现性好、分离效果好等特点。血浆中内源性物质对测定未见干扰。