甲状腺功能对磺胺嘧啶在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的: 测定不同甲状腺功能状态时大鼠血液中磺胺嘧啶钠(SD)的浓度,研究甲状腺功能状态对其药代动力学的影响.方法: 采用分光光度计比色法测定技术.结果: 甲亢组大鼠磺胺嘧啶在体内消除加速,峰浓度下降,AUC减少,消除t1/2缩短.甲减组大鼠则消除减慢,峰浓度增高,AUC增大,消除t1/2延长.结论: 甲状腺功能提高时,大鼠对磺胺嘧啶的代谢能力明显增加,消除加速;而甲状腺功能降低则相反.     

288例老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布特性及药敏分析

目的: 了解老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌的分布特点及药敏特性.方法: 对288例老年呼吸道感染患者痰样本(NCCLS法)进行细菌培养,K-B纸片法进行药敏测定.结果: 患者痰中共检出病原菌400株,细菌280株,其中G-杆菌147株,占36.75%, G 球菌133株,占33.25%.肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌最敏感药的是头孢他啶,敏感率均为40%以上,肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌最敏感药的是万古霉素;检出真菌120株,占30%,以白色念珠菌为主.结论: 进行病原菌跟踪监测及时的药敏试验,对及时控制老年呼吸道感染,是不可缺少的重要环节.     

小剂量碳酸锂与丙基硫氧嘧啶联合治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的近期疗效观察

目的碳酸锂、丙基硫氧嘧啶单独或小剂量联合治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的疗效比较。方法全部甲状腺功能亢进症病例共56例,随机分为3组:碳酸锂组17例,丙基硫氧嘧啶组19例,联合组(碳酸锂+丙基硫氧嘧啶)20例,治疗前及治疗2、4周测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺刺激素(TSH)及跟腱反射时间,比较3组疗效。结果3组治疗前甲状腺功能无明显差异,治疗后甲状腺功能均有明显下降,治疗2、4周时碳酸锂组、丙基硫氧嘧啶组FT3、FT4下降程度相似,联合组较另2组下降明显。结论碳酸锂能改善甲状腺功能,近期疗效与丙基硫氧嘧啶相似,联合治疗时其改善甲状腺功能效果将加强。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定硫酸阿米卡星

目的:建立HPLC-ELSD法测定氨基糖苷类抗生素硫酸阿米卡星。方法:采用Zorbax Extend C18(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)柱;以水-氨水-冰醋酸(96:3.6:0.4)为流动相,流速为0.4 mL·min-1;柱温:30℃;蒸发光散射检测,检测器漂移管温度:40℃,雾化气体压力:350 kPa。结果:硫酸阿米卡星在49.94-3995.5μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9991;平均回收率为101.8％;系统精密度RSD=0.8％。同时阿米卡星与已知杂质A能良好分离。结论:本方法操作简便,快速,方法的精密度、准确性、重现性均能很好地满足质量控制的要求,是一种比较理想的阿米卡星含量测定分析方法。     

中药新药一般毒理试验及评价

根据多年研究实践,针对新药一般毒理试验及临床前安全性评价进行探讨,提出新药一般毒理试验需在12个环节中予以重视和加强管理。     

医院获得性肺炎非发酵菌群感染的临床及药敏分析

：探讨医院工儿得性肺炎至肺炎致病菌的分布及耐药性。方法：对３６０例医院获得性肺炎１０５例患者痰及血标本中的１２４株非发酵蓖培养及药敏进行分析。结果;非发酵菌占总菌数４１．１％（１２４／３０２）。其中,铜绿假单胞菌５４株,不动杆菌４１株,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌１２株。铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、阿米卡星、头孢哌酮、头孢他啶、亚胺培南、氨曲南、环丙沙星敏感。不动杆菌对包曲松、亚胺培南、环丙沙星敏感。对嗜麦芽窄食     

Current advances in rhinomanometry

Current advances in rhinomanometry were reviewed in this paper. Active posterior rhinomanometry with a “head-out” body plethysmograph may be the least invasive method currently available for measuring nasal patency. In general, active anterior rhinomanometry with a face mask or a nasal nozzle has been employed in various studies throughout the world. Nasal resistance as calculated from the equationR = 0.78 (ΔP/V)^1.33 at any points on a pressure/flow curve, or averaged nasal resistance may be the most suitable expression for nasal patency. Values for nasal resistance at ΔP 100 Pa in Japanese patients or ΔP 150 Pa in Caucasians have been widely employed as standard objective data for nasal obstruction, although rhinomanometric results sometimes do not agree with subjective evaluation of nasal obstruction. Nasal airflow acceleration or peak flow index during nasal breathing at rest can be applied as warranted to confirm an objective diagnosis of symptomatic nasal obstruction. Further, nationality and anthropological characteristics can be related to the severity and type of stuffiness.     

Variation of Nasal Respiratory Pattern With Age During Growth and Development

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in nasal respiratory pattern with growth and development, particularly to determine the age where upper airway growth ceases. The results on 361 healthy subjects, aged 7 to 24 years, based on aerodynamic measurements during rest breathing, showed clear differences between inspiratory and expiratory phases. Nasal airflow rate and cross-sectional area increased and oral-nasal pressure and nasal resistance decreased with age up to the age of 16, levelling by the age of 20 years. The body size and gender had effect only on nasal airflow rate. This study suggests that the measurements of the nasal respiratory pattern, determining impaired nasal airway, should be done during inspiration and using age-related assesment from a healthy population until the age of 16 years. From then on, guidelines for adults are applicable.     

Oocyte quality in polycystic ovaries revisited: Identification of a particular subgroup of women

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the endocrine status of women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) undergoing IVF, and to compare oocyte quality with endocrine markers of the syndrome, in an attempt to define a subpopulation with poor quality oocytes. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients were first endocrinologically analyzed: serum levels of androgens (T, androstenedione, DHEAS), FSH, and LH as well as glucose and insulin after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were recorded and are expressed as absolute values and area under the curve (AUC). Subsequently, they were followed over a 2-year period in which patients underwent several attempts of IVF as well as serving as oocyte donors. Patients were divided into three groups: group I (n=4) was women who displayed embryos unable to implant in 15 IVF cycles and 10 ovum donation cycles in which they served as donors; group II (n=16) was PCO patients in whom IVF (n=38) and/or oocyte donation cycles (n=42) resulted in pregnancies; and group III (n=13) was IVF patients with normal appearance of the ovaries by ultrasound. The endocrine status was compared with the IVF results. Results: There was no difference among groups in the endocrinological parameters tested, except for the OGTT which identified women in group I as having higher serum glucose and insulin levels than patients in groups II and III. Similarly, the OGTT showed higher serum glucose values in group II compared to group III. Women in group I were also obese. Patients in group III were older than PCO patients and needed more gonadotropins to reach an ovarian response which resulted in a reduced number of oocytes retrieved. Fertilization was also impaired in group I, in which no pregnancy was recorded. Conclusions: This study shows that there is a particular subgroup of PCO patients with lower fertilization rates and embryos unable to implant. These patients are obese and nonhyperandrogenic and show derangements of insulin secretion.     

P—糖蛋白在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的表达及意义

为探讨ｍｄｒ１基因产物在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的表达状况及其与临床耐药性的关系，作者用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法４７例未化疗的头颈部恶性肿瘤进行Ｐ－糖蛋白表达的原位检测，同时应用细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白技术（ＡｇＮＯＲ）测定了４３例肿瘤对８种抗癌药物的敏感性。结果显示，头颈部恶中的Ｐ－糖蛋肿瘤中的Ｐ－糖蛋白表达阳性率为５７％，肿瘤对ＶＣＲ．ＡＤＭ．ＰＹ＜Ｍ，ＭＭＣ４种药物的敏感率在Ｐ－糖蛋白阳性组明显低于阴性组，并有统计学意义。