Information requirements for crisis intervention after disaster work

Over the past 10 years, researchers and employers have shown an increased interest in the psychological problems that can be experienced by first-line disaster workers. This article briefly reviews available research in the area, and then illustrates the increased management concern over these problems by describing recent developments in the UK Police Service. Disaster contingency planning in this Service has come to place particular emphasis upon the provision of crisis intervention after potentially traumatic disaster work experiences: early, brief, problem-focused treatment, which aims to restore distressed individuals to a precrisis level of functioning. The possible benefits of such early intervention are considered, and then attention is turned to the types of information required for guiding intervention in specific cases. Beyond basic information relating to current symptoms and coping activities, it will be useful to determine what experiences from before, during and after the disaster work are implicated in the person's current disturbance, and how the person is modelling these experiences. It will also be important to identify those contemporaneous, psychological appraisal processes that are sustaining the disturbance: individuals who are left to adjust ‘naturally’ typically pay little or no attention to these powerfully disturbing, but in principle modifiable appraisal processes.     

心理干预对地震伤员焦虑抑郁状态的影响

目的探讨心理干预对地震伤员焦虑抑郁状态的影响。方法根据焦虑、抑郁程度,对34例地震伤员分别进行个体化和集体化的心理干预,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别评定34例伤员心理干预前后的心理状况。结果经心理干预治疗后,伤员的焦虑程度较干预前明显降低(P<0.05),抑郁程度虽无明显降低(P>0.05),但抑郁人数由干预前的11例(32.35%)下降为5例(14.70%)。结论地震伤员存在一定程度的焦虑和抑郁状态,心理干预可明显缓解地震伤员的焦虑和抑郁。     

Habits,Routines, and Roles of Graduate Students: Effects of Hurricane Ike

ABSTRACT

Disasters such as a major hurricane are likely to disrupt individuals’ habits, routines, and roles. The purpose of this qualitative collective case study was to explore the extent to which master's students’ habits, routines, and role participation were affected by Hurricane Ike during the transition from academic work to Level II Fieldwork placement. Three master's level occupational therapy students who experienced the hurricane while attending school were recruited for the study and were administered a qualitative interview and the Role Checklist. On the basis of the interview, emerging themes with subthemes were Temporal Aspects—preparation, storm, immediate poststorm, and recovery/rebuilding; Effects of Storm on Occupational Performance—loss of personal space, lack of leisure participation, changes in habits, and loss of routines; and Personal Outcomes—areas of transformation and changes in roles. As noted by the Role Checklist, some new roles were assumed by the participants following the storm, while some prehurricane roles were not resumed posthurricane. Implications for occupational therapy for individuals affected by disasters are highlighted including the importance of role participation and impact upon occupational performance.     

地震灾区三种不同环境条件264例剖宫产临床分析

目的研究地震前后孕产妇和新生儿健康状况及三种不同条件下剖宫产手术安全性。方法研究对象来自地震灾区什邡市妇幼保健院产妇共264例,分为震前对照、震后应急和恢复重建三组。回顾性调查孕产妇的基本信息、异常妊娠、剖宫产术、院内感染等资料。结果震后应急B组正常妊娠接受剖宫产手术比例80.9%,恢复重建C组为76.4%,均高于震前对照A组70.9%。震后恢复重建C组胎膜早破14例,占该组异常妊娠总数66.7%（14/21）,高于震前对照组36.0%（9/25）和震后应急组29.4%（5/17）。剖宫产手术时间震后应急B组最低平均37.1min,较另外两组少。震后两组术后切口一期愈合,未发生院内感染。结论地震后应急组正常妊娠孕妇接受剖宫产手术比例增加,恢复重建组异常妊娠胎膜早破发生增多。地震后在地震临时手术室和过渡板房手术室开展的剖宫产手术安全,预防院内感染措施有效。     

灾害救援护士“准备期”的心理干预

心理弹性已成为积极心理学研究的热点问题。从灾害救援护士在灾害救援中心理应激特点和心理弹性的内涵及特点入手，着重分析心理弹性内在、外在保护因素，并从保护因素方面构建心理弹性系统，提出灾害救援护士在“准备期”的预防性心理干预策略，以全面提升其心理弹性，有助于更好应对灾害应激环境、维护其身心健康。     

地震灾害后我院护生专业态度及情商的调查研究

目的调查地震灾害后护生的专业态度和情商。方法采用问卷调查法对我院96名护生进行调查。结果地震灾害后,75．00％的护生为选择护理专业而自豪,94．79％的护生认为护理工怍是神圣的,87．37％的护生喜欢护理工作;73．96％的护生情商较高。结论地震灾害对护生专业态度、情商方面的主要影响是积极向上的。