综合医院急诊科应对群体性伤害紧急医疗救援

综合医院急诊科开展群体性伤害的紧急医疗救援，建立一支训练有素的队伍应从建立突发事件应急救援指导小组、培养急诊医护人员基本技能、制定应对群发伤预隶、掌握4个阶段重点等方面进行，循序渐进规范急诊质量体系。     

Hurricane Katrina and youth anxiety: The role of perceived attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors

This study sought to examine the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on youth's anxious response to disaster by testing a theoretical model which posits youths’ perceptions of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors as moderators of the relation between pre and post disaster anxiety symptoms. Seventy-four youth (ages 6–17 years) and their parents exposed to Hurricane Katrina participated in pre and post disaster assessments. Results indicated that both youths’ pre disaster perceived attachment beliefs (i.e., trust and communication) and perceptions of parenting behaviors (i.e., acceptance and firm control) moderated the relation between pre and post Katrina anxiety symptoms. Exploratory analyses demonstrated no age, gender, or ethnicity differences in post Katrina anxiety symptoms. Findings are discussed in terms of how parents may influence youths’ pre and post disaster anxiety symptoms in the face of natural disasters and the implications for intervention.     

Does disaster affect immigrant victims more than non-immigrant victims in Dutch general practice: a matched cohort study

Background  In the literature, immigrant victims appear to be more vulnerable to health effects of a disaster than indigenous victims. Most of these studies were performed without pre-disaster measurement and without using a control group. Aim  The objective of the study is to monitor differences between two groups of victims, Turkish immigrants and indigenous Dutch, in utilization and morbidity as presented in general practice after a man-made disaster. Methods  A matched cohort study was performed with pre-disaster (1 year) and post-disaster (4 years) measurements of patients from 30 general practices in Enschede. Turkish victims (N = 303) and Dutch victims (N = 606), matched on age, gender and socioeconomic status, were included. Main outcome measures were psychological problems and physical symptoms as recorded by the general practitioner, using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Results  The Turkish victims showed higher utilization than the Dutch victims prior to the disaster. In the 1st post-disaster year, both groups of victims showed an increase in utilization, but the increases did not differ significantly. The Turkish group showed no significantly greater increase than the Dutch group in the five most prevalent clusters of health problems (psychological, respiratory, skin, musculoskeletal, and digestive). Conclusion  The Turkish victims in general practice were as vulnerable as the Dutch victims for the effects on their health of this man-made disaster. Differences between Turkish and native Dutch victims of this man-made disaster can largely be explained by the differences that existed already before the disaster.     

The challenge of spinal cord injury care in the developing world

Great strides have been made in reducing morbidity and mortality following spinal cord injury (SCI), and improving long-term health and community participation; however, this progress has not been uniform across the globe. This review highlights differences in global epidemiology of SCI and the ongoing challenges in meeting the needs of individuals with SCI in the developing world, including post-disaster. Significant disparities persist, with life expectancies of 2 years or less not uncommon for persons living with paraplegia in many developing countries. The international community has an important role in improving access to appropriate care following SCI worldwide.     

影视教学法在灾难应对教学中的应用

目的 探讨影视教学法在灾难应对教学中的应用及其效果.方法 在我院2009级、2010级118名学生中开设灾难应对课程,主要采用观看灾难影视资料＋真实案例分析＋讨论相结合的教学方法.课程实施前后,采用自制的“应对灾难相关知识和技能”进行评估调查.课程结束后,对教学内容和教学效果进行问卷调查.结果 课程开始前,73.7％的学生对灾难的表现基本不了解或说不清,63.6％的学生不知道如何应对灾难;课程结束后,91.6％的学生认为对灾难的表现有了一定了解,71.2％的学生知道如何应对灾难;87.9％的学生认为影视教学法很好,8.9％认为影视教学法可以改进并继续应用,教学满意度为96.8％;课程开始前,应对灾难相关知识和技能得分是（54.0±l3.0）分,课程结束后得分为（93.0±7.0）分,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 应用影视教学为主导的教学方法有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,巩固教学效果,进而提高应对灾难的实际能力.     

舟曲特大山洪泥石流救灾部队的食品卫生保障

目的总结舟曲特大山洪泥石流救灾部队食品卫生安全保障经验,为履行多样化军事任务卫勤保障提供依据。方法在现场调查灾区环境特点、灾情和救灾部队食品卫生现状的基础上,分析确定任务部队食品卫生保障关键控制点,采取针对性综合保障措施。主要做法是:①加强宣传教育,普及山洪泥石流救灾防病和食品卫生知识,提高广大官兵的自我防病能力;②提高认识,确保救灾部队食品卫生监督质量;③明确责任,逐级负责,使食品卫生监督主动化;④结合灾区特点与任务部队实际,制定灾区任务部队食品卫生保障制度;⑤严把食品采购、运输、加工和储藏关;⑥建立军地联动的食品卫生监督应急机制。结果基于以上综合保障措施,救灾部队未发生任何食品卫生安全相关事件。结论结合灾区和救灾部队实际,有针对性地采取食品卫生保障措施,可确保救灾部队食品卫生安全。     

对22例地震伤员不良心理状态的心理干预效果分析

目的 研究心理干预对地震伤员不良心理状态治疗的临床效果.方法 采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别评定22例地震伤员心理干预前后的心理状况,根据不良心理状态程度,对22例地震伤员分别进行规范化的心理干预.结果 经心理干预治疗后,伤员的焦虑程度较干预前明显降低(P＜0.05),抑郁程度亦明显降低(P＜0...