BP神经网络及其在药学研究中的应用

BP神经网络是目前应用最广泛的人工神经网络模型，本文详细阐述了BP神经网络的原理和特点，并论述了其在药学研究中的应用。     

数字图像分析在面部整形中的应用

将数字图像分析、模拟技术应用于隆鼻术及烧伤后口唇畸形的整复中，通过测量分析，在术前模拟出术后的面部图像，并输出手术数据，在医生及患者认可后，指导手术进行，否则，继续图像的修改，在手术允许的范围内，直到医、患双方认可。力求美容手术精确化、定量化及图像化并就如何应用数字图像技术于畸形整复进行了探讨     

Digital sonomicrometer system for measuring small vascular diametersin situ

Although present sonomicrometer techniques for measuring continuous changes in vascular diameter are very useful, two problems with available methods are difficulty in maintaining crystal alignment throughout an acute experiment and inability to measure absolute dimensions less than 1 mm. We have designed and ultrasonic dimension gauge system to over come these problems. The design uses a gate to pass a 20 MHz signal to a counter during the sonic travel time between crystals, and then converts the digital count to an analogue voltage. Interference from the transmitting impulse in the received signal was minimised using MOSFET transistors allowing measurements of absolute dimensions from 0.00 mm to 99.9 mm. An averaging effect which depends upon the asynchrony between the basic timer and the counter clock results in a resolution of at least 10 μm. Repeated calibration curves showed an accuracy of 2.5 μm without significant bias. Piezoelectric crystals were mounted to a lighweight stainless-steel clip to facilitate attachment to the vessel and to maintain the crystals in focus during changes in diameter. Mean and phasic diameters measured in the femoral artery with the clip device correlated well with measurements obtained with crystals sewn to the adventitia of the femoral artery of the dog (slope =0.97, r=0.99).     

对医院药事管理委员会系统工程管理的初探

本文通过对医院药事管理委员会的组织形式以及在医院药学事业中的特殊地位、工作任务、工作职责及职能效应的初步探讨,指出医院药事管理委员会在发展和建设医院药学事业中具有十三种职能、七大效应。认为加强医院药事管理委员会建设,是发展医院药学事业和保证医院药品质量的一种好方式。     

脑血管造影和介入治疗过程中脑动脉痉挛的发生和治疗

目的探索脑血管造影和介入治疗过程中脑血管痉挛(CVS)的发生、表现和治疗效果。方法400例患者经股动脉穿刺对双侧颈内动脉、椎动脉等行数字减影血管造影检查共470例次,其中,52例在造影后接受了介入治疗。造影剂为含碘300mg/mL的非离子型造影剂。对造影和治疗过程中出现重度CVS者经导管注入0.3%罂粟碱10mL解痉。结果造影和介入治疗过程中CVS的发生率为17.7%(83/470),其表现为颈动脉管壁不光整,呈波浪状14例(16.9%),颈动脉管腔轻度变窄36例(43.4%),中度25例(30.1%),重度6例(7.2%),颈内动脉不显影2例(2.4%)。轻至中度CVS未作特殊治疗,无不良反应或后遗症发生;8例重度痉挛者经导管注入罂粟碱后6例明显缓解,1例遗留后遗症,1例病死。结论脑血管造影和介入治疗过程中CVS的发生率不容忽视,造影剂的高渗刺激、导管导丝机械性刺激和血管内压力改变是CVS的高危因素,动脉内注入罂粟碱有良好的解痉作用。     

Benefits of the DICOM Structured Report

Recently, the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) standard introduced rules for the encoding, transmission, and storage of the imaging diagnostic report. This medical document can be stored and communicated with the images in picture archiving and communication system (PACS). It is a structured document that contains text with links to other data such as images, waveforms, and spatial or temporal coordinates. Its structure, along with its wide use of coded information, enables the semantic understanding of the data that is essential for the Electronic Healthcare Record deployment. In this article, we present DICOM Structured Report (SR) and discuss its benefits. We show how SR enables efficient radiology workflow, improves patient care, optimizes reimbursement, and enhances the radiology ergonomic working conditions. As structured input significantly alters the interpretation process, understanding all its benefits is necessary to support the change. Biography Rita Noumeir is a professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Quebec, école de Technologie Superieure in Montreal. A founding member of the Imaging, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (LIVIA), her main research interest is the Healthcare Information Technology, specifically, Interoperability, Electronic Patient Record, Security, Information Confidentiality, and Image Processing. As a member of both Technical and Planning International IHE Radiology Committees, Dr. Noumeir took part over the last 5 years in developing many Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Integration Profiles in Radiology and in organizing several Integration Demonstrations. She is a cofounder of IHE Canada. Dr. Noumeir contributed to many research and development projects in collaboration with several Canadian and international companies in medical imaging and healthcare information. Currently, she collaborates with the Diagnostic Imaging Team of Canada Health Infoway to define the principles and architecture for sharing imaging information between multiple healthcare institutions. She plays a leading role in the development of this solution that is published as an IHE Integration Profile for which she is the editor. Rita Noumeir holds a Ph.D. and a Masters degree in Biomedical Engineering from école Polytechnique of Montreal specializing in Medical Imaging. She is a professional engineer, and a member of the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec.     

开展药学信息学课程教学的必要性和方法探讨

目的：探讨药学高等教育中开设药学信息学课程的必要性和可行性。方法：通过剖析药学信息学的原理和内容，分析国内药学信息学教育的现状，提出开展药学信息学教育的方法。结栗：药学信息学教育是药学发展和高等教育改革的要求，开展药学信息学教育必须编写系统的专业教材，并注重培养学生的自我运用信息和处理信息的能力。结论：开展药学信息学教育是必要和迫切的。     

Digital echocardiography in myocardial infarction

Probably the most under-utilised application of echocardiography is in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This under-utilisation is striking since echocardiography can be very valuable in evaluating the natural history and therapy of CAD. One reason why echocardiography is not being utilised to its fullest is because of the reliance on videotape to record and display echocardiograms. This medium is time consuming and inconvenient for clinicians to review studies, it is not ideal for detecting subtle wall motion abnormalities, and videotape is impractical for comparing serial studies. Recording and storing echocardiograms on a digital medium overcomes these difficulties. Digital cine loops of single cardiac cycles provide great versatility. Multiple views or studies can be displayed simultaneously, subtle changes in wall motion are more easily detected and different views, or serial studies, can be readily compared. Such images can be displayed on computers on the ward or in the coronary care unit (CCU) and be available 24 hours a day, seven days a week at the convenience of the clinician. One does not need to find a recording on a two hour videotape, which may be in the ultrasound instrument, and one can view the exam in 30 sec instead of 5 to 10 min. Regional and global left ventricular function is one of the most important manifestations of CAD. With new therapeutic efforts at restoring myocardial function and limiting infant expansion, assessing LV function is more important than ever. Digital echocardiography is an extremely practical and convenient way for clinicians to obtain this information.     

The gap between legal rules and practice in advertising non-registered pharmaceutical products : A new method of analysis

The market of non-registered pharmaceutical products is growing fast in number and overall costs, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other European countries. These products often give the impression that the consumer may expect 'an effect as from a drug'. Legally, there is a clear distinction between 'drugs' and 'commodities' in the Netherlands; the question is whether legislation and practice concur. In an investigation we analysed texts of advertisements for non-registered pharmaceutical products published in a popular magazine. A method was developed, based on the legal definition of a drug and jurisprudence, to determine in a qualitative and quantitative way the application of medicinal claims. It transpired that in 65% of the analysed advertisements explicit or implicit claims were made. These products should therefore be subject to drugs legislation. Thus, in the Netherlands there is a gap between legislation and practice in advertising non-registered pharmaceutical products.     

直接数字曲面体层摄影在涎腺造影中的临床价值

目的评价直接数字曲面体层摄影在涎腺造影中的临床价值。方法选择表现正常的腮腺造影数字化曲面体层影像(58侧)及传统曲面体层照片(44侧),评价主导管、腮腺腺泡及分支导管的显影情况。结果在显示腮腺主导管、第一级分支导管及腮腺腺泡方面,直接数字曲面体层与传统曲面体层胶片摄影无明显差异;数字成像显示细微解剖结构(第二、三级分支导管)的质量则明显优于胶片方式(P<0.01)。结论直接数字曲面体层摄影在涎腺造影中具有重要的临床价值。