Relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet,intracerebral hemorrhage,and its location

IntroductionAlthough some authors evaluated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke alone is not yet examined.AimsWe conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the relationship between adherence to MeDi and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and different locations of ICH (ganglionic/internal capsule, brainstem/cerebellum, or lobar).MethodsWe analyzed charts and collected data of all consecutive patients with ICH admitted to our Internal Medicine Ward from 2005 to 2014. A scale indicating the degree of adherence to the traditional MeDi Score was constructed.ResultsWhen compared with 100 subjects without ICH, 103 subjects with ICH had significantly higher mean values of LDL (91.1 ± 38.7 mg/dl vs. 79.2 ± 34.4 mg/dl; p = 0.031), triglycerides (118.9 ± 62.9 mg/dl vs. 101.6 ± 47.6 mg/dl; p = 0.026), and proteinuria (32.6 ± 50.0 mg/dl vs. 18.1 ± 39.6 mg/dl; p=0.024) and a significantly lower mean MeDi Score (3.9 ± 1.0 vs. 7.0 ± 1.4; p < 0.0001). In a multiple regression analysis, smoking, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the MeDi Score remained significantly associated with ICH. We also observed a significantly lower mean MeDi Score in the lobar location group when compared with the ganglionic/internal capsule group (4.3 ± 1.0 vs. 3.5 ± 0.9; p < 0.0005).DiscussionOur findings regarding the higher prevalence of ICH in patients with lower adherence to MeDi may be related to the fact that patients with lower MeDi Score exhibit a worse cardiovascular risk profile with increased risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia.     

老年高血压患者饮食护理的研究进展

高血压是目前常见的慢性心血管内科疾病,是指动脉内血液压力过高[收缩压≥140 mm Hg、和(或)舒张压≥90 mm Hg]、引起全身血管性疾病。发病机制较复杂,可能与遗传、精神状态、年龄、生活习惯及药物等因素有关。高血压诊断方法为:非同日静息状态下测得血压升高两次以上。患病后常有疲劳乏力、颈项板紧、头晕头痛等不适症状,若血压持续升高,则严重损害心脏、脑部及肾脏等器官,如心肌梗死、肾衰竭及脑中风等,病情加重甚至危及生命,因此探寻经济、有效及可行的治疗方法,逐渐成为医学界研究热点。近年来研究表明,遵守控制血压、维持治疗、改善症状及防治并发症等治疗原则,有利于加速疾病康复进程,但老年群体受生理、心理等因素限制,易产生焦虑、紧张及烦躁等负性情绪,且患者饮食不合理,影响胃肠道蠕动、便秘等,使预后效果不理想,因此早期配合对症护理尤为重要。本文综述了老年高血压患者饮食护理的研究进展,以期为临床治疗提供老年高血压的帮助。     

我国西南地区居民饮食误区现况调查

目的 了解西南地区居民饮食误区的现况及其影响因素，为促进居民对饮食误区的正确认知及针对性营养宣教提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法进行调查，抽取西南地区（重庆、四川、云南、贵州）7 945名居民，面对面问卷调查。结果 48.31%居民了解补钙的最佳食物，仅有21.65%的居民了解补铁食物，有77.10%的居民不赞同“吃野生动物更有营养”，居民对“素食比荤素搭配更有益”、“红色食物补血”的态度持赞同的分别为45.28%、26.86%。有50.80%的居民赞同“食物相生相克”。不同性别、年龄、地区、职业、教育程度、收入、BMI的居民对饮食误区有差异，且差异有统计学意义，P＜0.001；回归分析显示:女性（OR = 0.87，95%CI:0.83～0.90）、城市居民（OR = 0.90，95%CI:0.86～0.94）、学生（OR = 0.74，95%CI:0.68～0.82）及白领（OR = 0.80，95%CI:0.74～0.86）、高教育程度（OR = 0.75，95%CI:0.70～0.80）、高收入（OR = 0.90，95%CI:0.85～0.96）的居民是对饮食误区认知的保护因素，超重（OR = 1.05，95%CI:1.00～1.11）、肥胖（OR = 1.10，95%CI:1.01～1.20）的居民对饮食误区认知是危险因素。结论 我国西南地区居民普遍存在饮食误区，对补铁、补钙食物来源的认知不够，大部分居民存在以下误区:“食物相生相克”、“红色食物补血”、“素食比荤素搭配更有益”。在进行营养健康宣教时应加强对男性、年龄偏大、农村地区、少数民族、教育程度较低、工人、低收入、BMI 不正常的居民进行营养知识科普，着重宣传补铁、补钙的途径，提高营养知识知晓率，纠正饮食文化误区，促进慢性疾病的预防。     

An association between diet,metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms

Diet is a key factor in the aetiology of many diseases, including metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract disorders. Metabolic syndrome is a growing and increasingly expensive health problem in both the developed and the developing world, with an associated rise in morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, lower urinary tract symptoms affect millions of individuals worldwide, lowering their quality of life. Associations have been established between both conditions in existing literature and the various components of the metabolic syndrome have been linked with the onset and aggravation of symptoms in various forms of LUTS. This current review explores the relationships between these in detail, focusing on their inter-relationships particularly vis-a-vis dietary macronutrient and micronutrient intake.     

Mediterranean Diet Decreases the Initiation of Use of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Inhibitors and Their Associated Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Our aim is to assess whether following a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) decreases the risk of initiating antithrombotic therapies and the cardiovascular risk associated with its use in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We evaluate whether participants of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study allocated to a MedDiet enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts (versus a low-fat control intervention) disclose differences in the risk of initiation of: (1) vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors (acenocumarol/warfarin; n = 6772); (2) acetylsalicylic acid as antiplatelet agent (n = 5662); and (3) other antiplatelet drugs (cilostazol/clopidogrel/dipyridamole/ditazol/ticlopidine/triflusal; n = 6768). We also assess whether MedDiet modifies the association between the antithrombotic drug baseline use and incident cardiovascular events. The MedDiet intervention enriched with extra-virgin olive oil decreased the risk of initiating the use of vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors relative to control diet (HR: 0.68 [0.46–0.998]). Their use was also more strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in participants not allocated to MedDiet interventions (HR_{control diet}: 4.22 [1.92–9.30], HR_MedDiets: 1.71 [0.83–3.52], p-interaction = 0.052). In conclusion, in an older population at high cardiovascular risk, following a MedDiet decreases the initiation of antithrombotic therapies and the risk of suffering major cardiovascular events among users of vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitors.     

Assessing the Public’s Comprehension of Dietary Guidelines: Use of MyPyramid or MyPlate Is Associated with Healthier Diets among US Adults

Background

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide a framework for food and nutrition programming in the United States as well as the foundation for individualized dietary guidance. Public utilization of the DGA, specifically the MyPyramid or MyPlate tool, is not well studied.