以问题为基础学习教学方法在诊断学教学中的应用

目的观察以问题为基础学习（PBL）教学方法在诊断学教学中的应用效果。方法将188名学生随机分为两组，即PBL教学实验组（93名）和传统教学对照组（95名）。按照统一教材、统一教学大纲、统一教学计划，统一教学进度进行教学。PBL实验组在传统及多媒体综合教学的基础上突出了以问题为基础学习＋案例分析导入，然后逐渐展开的教学方法。用同一试卷测试和比较两组学生的实验课成绩、理论课成绩和总成绩。结果实验组学生理论课成绩明显高于对照组学生（P〈0．01），总成绩也明显高于对照组学生（P〈0．05）。结论PBL教学方法优于传统教学方法，值得进一步在诊断学教学中推广。     

Characterisation of anti- Escherichia coli Monoclonal Antibodies for Use in Diagnostic Assays

A number of monoclonal antibodies were produced against Escherichia coli and two of them were chosen for further study. Antibody 2D1 reacted with all 34 E. coli strains assessed but not with a variety of other bacterial strains, including 45 Salmonella. Antibody 4E1 was more broadly reactive and bound to all E. coli and Salmonella strains tested as well as some species of Enterobacteriaceae. The isotype for 2D1 was found to be IgG2a and for 4E1, IgG2b, both with kappa light chains. The 2D1 antibody was further characterised, and shown to identify a heat modifiable outer membrane protein of E. coli. The effect of temperature, detergent and 2-mercaptoethanol was assessed on exposing the 2D1 epitope using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. 4E1 binding was investigated with rough mutants and the antibody was found to identify an inner core, heptose-associated, structure.     

对规划教材《中医诊断学》心病辨证的“系统”分析

总结历代中医临床名家医案并建立数据库,采用非条件Logistic多元逐步回归方法,形成中医证候及其临床表现的知识库并编制“中医临床辅助诊断系统”软件,输入《中医诊断学》心病证候的临床表现,比较软件和教材给出的辨证结果。根据分析,建议:①在心气虚证中加入能辨病位的临床表现;②从心阳虚证或心阳虚脱证中去掉瘀血的临床表现;③将心脉痹阻证与瘀阻脑络证合并。     

诊断学教学质量监控与管理体系的构建

诊断学是医学的基础与桥梁,高质量的诊断学教学是培养合格医学人才的保证。要提高诊断学教学质量,必须加强对教学过程的内部监控,建立更加系统、科学、高效的质量管理体系,从教学管理水平、教学管理人员及教师素质、学生素质、教学条件、教学过程、教学质量督导系统、教学信息评估反馈系统等各个环节加强管理。     

诊断学实习课中加强案例教学的研究

目的 探讨诊断学实习课中加强案例教学的有效性及可行性。方法 以中山大学1999级临床医学专业8个诊断学实习小组共102名学生为实验组（52人）及对照组（50人），实验组每次课中安排2例～3例短小的案例进行讲述或讨论，其余授课内容与对照组相同。比较两组学生的体检、病历、标本及理论考试成绩，分析评教问卷。结果 实验组学生在体检、病历及标本考试的成绩高于对照组学生，差异有显著性。问卷调查结果显示，学生对案例教学法持肯定态度，认为“优”及“良”者各为60．4％和33．2％。结论 案例教学有利于提高学生的学习成绩及学习的积极性，可以促进医学生临床技能的提高。     

Gonarthritis photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6 derivatives

BackgroundThe new methods of osteoarthritis treatment are in constant demand due to the complexity of the early diagnosis and therapy. Specific features of Сhlorin e6 derivative (Ce6) accumulation in knee joint tissues and the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of gonarthritis were studied.MethodsThe experimental research was conducted on the model of posttraumatic gonarthritis on rabbits. The analysis of dynamics of change of Ce6 concentration in tissues of a knee joint was carried out by the method of fluorescent diagnostics. The intra-joint PDT was carried out using 662 nm laser with energy density of 120–150 J/cm² and a sapphire diffuser. An analysis of slices was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect through apoptosis.ResultsThe method of fluorescent spectroscopy revealed that the highest amount of Ce6 was accumulated in the synovial membrane of a damaged knee joint 2.5 h after its intravenous introduction. On 14th day after gonarthritis modeling but before PDT the synovial membrane showed signs of synovitis. On 21st day after PDT the synovial membrane possessed noticeable villous structure, and no cells of inflammatory nature were observed.ConclusionFluorescent diagnostics in knee joint tissues can be used in clinical practice of gonarthritis before, during and after PDT for monitoring the Ce6 accumulation and for treatment control. Optimal radiation energy density was determined to be 150 J/cm². In the studied time intervals (5–25 min) no dependency of PDT effect on irradiation time at the same energy density was observed. The analysis of results of clinical and morphological research shows that PDT is a low-invasive method of gonarthritis treatment with a high degree of efficiency and selectivity.     

Strategies for gene cloning

Cancer, including genitourinary malignancy, is a consequence of accumulated genetic aberrations in genes involved in crucial regulatory pathways. The result is a deregulation of cellular behaviour, leading to neoplastic transformation, uncontrolled cell proliferation and acquisition of metastatic ability. The development and perfection of techniques in the field of recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, (differential) analysis of gene expression, and sequencing of genes and proteins have provided a wealth of information about the genetic aberrations associated with cancer development. This “recombinant DNA and gene cloning” technology and the recently developed DNA chip technology may provide new molecular diagnostic tools. Furthermore, the technology of gene cloning in combination with the progress in in vivo gene delivery techniques offers new treatment modalities, like gene therapy, additional to conventional therapies. This review is intended to provide a general introduction to the fundamentals or strategies of recombinant DNA and gene cloning techniques as a basis for understanding the rapidly expanding range of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. Some illustrative examples are provided, addressing basic and biomedical research and possible clinical applications in genitourinary oncology. Received: 16 March 1998 / Accepted 29 July 1998     

突出精品意识,强化诊断学课程建设

诊断学是一门实践很强的课程,我们从诊断学各教学环节入手,按照人才培养目标,制订课程建设目标,创新和优化教学内容,注重教材建设,改革教学方法,强化教师队伍建设,取得了明显的教学效果。     

费兆馥中医诊断学学术传承特色

费兆馥，上海中医药大学教授，著名中医诊断学专家，上海中医药大学名师工程“费兆馥名师研究室”名师，长期从事中医诊断学教学、科研和临床工作，在脉诊现代化研究中取得了大量的研究成果，所著《中国脉诊研究》、观代中医脉诊学》已成为该研究领域的代表性著作。2005年7月，上海中医药大学提出“名师传承工程”这一中医学术传承探索模式，首批名师工程共成立了16个名师工作室和名师研究室，费兆馥名师研究室是其中之一。