临床医学专业本科生诊断学学习成绩与毕业临床综合能力的相关研究

目的 研究五年制医学生诊断学学习成绩与毕业临床综合能力的相关性,为进一步提高诊断学课程的地位和重要性提供科学依据.方法 对徐州医学院临床医学本科专业2007届～2011届医学生诊断学学习成绩与毕业临床技能考试和临床理论考试成绩进行相关性分析.结果 毕业临床技能考试成绩与诊断学成绩明显相关（P＜0.01）,毕业临床理论考试成绩与诊断学成绩无明显相关性（P＞0.05）.诊断学成绩位于高分组和低分组的排名情况与毕业临床技能考试成绩的排名较为一致.结论 诊断学学习在医学本科生临床综合能力的培养上占据重要地位,应当进一步深化诊断学教学改革,尽快建立一套科学合理、系统有效的临床综合能力评价体系.     

The significance of Chlamydia trachomatis in prostatitis syndrome

Abstract

Research and publication expenses were supported in part by the Croatian Science Foundation and PLIVA Croatia Ltd. (project no. 04/30 ‘Research on the aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of patients with prostatitis syndrome’).     

诊断学教案书写体会

教案书写是教师上课的总体设计和思路的书面反映，是高质量课堂教学的保障。文章结合作者自己的诊断学教学实践，从教学目标、重点难点、教学方法、教学过程、课后记五个方面总结了教案书写的心得体会。     

Congenital stationary night blindness: An analysis and update of genotype–phenotype correlations and pathogenic mechanisms

Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) refers to a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous retinal disorders. Seventeen different genes with more than 360 different mutations and more than 670 affected alleles have been associated with CSNB, including genes coding for proteins of the phototransduction cascade, those important for signal transmission from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells or genes involved in retinoid recycling in the retinal pigment epithelium. This article describes the phenotypic characteristics of different forms of CSNB that are necessary for accurate diagnosis and to direct and improve genetic testing. An overview of classical and recent methods used to identify specific CSNB genotypes is provided and a meta-analysis of all previously published and novel data is performed to determine the prevalence of disease-causing mutations. Studies of the underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms based on cell culture techniques and animal studies are outlined. The article highlights how the study of CSNB has increased understanding of the mechanisms of visual signalling in the retina, likely to prove important in developing future treatments for CSNB and other retinal disorders.     

On the diagnosis of learning disabilities in the Austrian school system: Official directions and the diagnostic process in practice in Styria/Austria

There is no international consensus concerning the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose a learning disability (LD). In fact, various diagnostic criteria are used and interpreted differently in different countries. A common denominator can only be found in the fact that intelligence quotient (IQ) is often seen as important in order to identify LD, either in the framework of discrepancy models between cognitive ability and achievement or in the context of models relating LD to below-average IQ (Grünke, 2004). The present paper examines the criteria that are used for the diagnosis of LD in Styria, a federal state of Austria. For this purpose, 25 special educational needs (SEN) reports of children identified as having learning disabilities were examined. In addition, three expert interviews with school administration authorities were conducted. The results provide a first indication that IQ scores are not important for the diagnosis of LD in Styria. In fact, the diagnostic procedure seems to be quite unregulated and standardized tests are hardly ever used in this context. Moreover, the results show that a diagnosis of LD in Styria is usually based on poor reading skills, poor basic arithmetic skills, deficits in German language, and/or behavioral problems.     

Diagnosing coeliac disease: A literature review

Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastroenteropathy triggered by gliadin and gliadin-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) complexes. CD is one of the few autoimmune diseases with an accurate, non-invasive serological test. Anti-endomysial, anti-tTG and anti-deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP) antibodies are currently used for serological tests with tTG ELISAs being the superior test. Duodenal biopsy, although invasive, is the gold standard for CD diagnosis. HLA genotyping and flow cytometry can also be used as supplementary tests.The incidence of CD is rising globally although the reasons for this remain unclear. In addition, the true incidence of coeliac disease in African populations remains unknown although recent work suggests that South African populations express the alleles associated with this disease.This review examines the pathogenesis and diagnosis of coeliac disease and considers novel and innovative biomarkers in its diagnosis specifically in an African population.     

Methods of evaluating lumbar and cervical fusion

Introduced in 1911, spinal fusion is now widely used to stabilize the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, including the use of instrumentation and optimizing bone graft options, pseudarthrosis remains one of the most significant causes of clinical failure following attempted fusion. Diagnosis of this common complication is based on a focused clinical assessment and imaging studies. Pseudarthrosis classically presents with the onset of or return of axial or radicular symptoms during the first postoperative year. However, this diagnosis is complicated because other diagnoses can mimic these symptoms (such as infection or adjacent segment degeneration) and because many cases of pseudarthrosis are asymptomatic. Computed tomography and assessment of motion on flexion/extension radiographs are the two preferred imaging modalities for establishing the diagnosis of pseudarthrosis. The purpose of this article was to review the current status of imaging and clinical practices for assessing fusion following spinal arthrodesis.     

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin strains with defined resistance mutations: a new tool for tuberculosis laboratory quality control

ObjectiveLaboratory quality control (QC) is essential to assess the reliability of tuberculosis diagnostic testing. To provide safe QC reagents for the detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we generated antibiotic-resistant mycobacterial strains of attenuated virulence (M. bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)).MethodsSeven mono-resistant BCG strains were developed by introducing resistance-conferring mutations into wild-type BCG strains. Mutations were confirmed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing. Phenotypic resistance was quantified by microbroth dilution to determine the MIC₉₀. The capacity of two commercial tests (GeneXpert TB/RIF and Genotype MTBDRplus) to detect resistance-conferring mutations was evaluated independently.ResultsOur panel included BCG strains with mutations in rpoB (S450L, I491F), katG (deletion at AA428), gyrA (D94G), rpsL (K43R) and Rv0678c (S63R). These mutations translated respectively into phenotypic resistance to rifampin (MIC ≥8 mg/L), isoniazid (MIC ≥8 mg/L), moxifloxacin (MIC 4 mg/L) and streptomycin (MIC ≥8 mg/L); the Rv0678c mutant showed decreased susceptibility to both clofazimine (MIC 4 mg/L) and bedaqualine (MIC 1 mg/L). GeneXpert (Cepheid) and Genotype MTBDRplus (Hain Lifesciences) both called the rpoB S450L strain rifampin-resistant and the I491F mutant rifampin-susceptible, as expected based on single nucleotide polymorphism positions. Likewise, MTBDRplus called the novel katG deletion mutant isoniazid susceptible despite phenotypic resistance.ConclusionBCG strains engineered to be mono-resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs can be used as safe QC reagents for tuberculosis diagnostics and drug susceptibility testing.