黑果枸杞色素最佳提取工艺研究

目的研究黑果枸杞色素的最佳提取工艺条件。方法通过单因素和多因素正交试验,对影响提取物中色素含量的各因素进行了研究。结果影响黑果枸杞色素提取率的因素大小依次为：固液比〉溶剂比〉浸提温度〉浸提时间。黑果枸杞色素的最佳提取工艺条件为5%盐酸和85%乙醇混合溶剂做浸提剂,溶剂比1∶1,提取温度70℃,提取时间4 h,固液比1∶20。结论优选的工艺稳定可行。     

正交试验优选盐炙续断炮制工艺

目的:研究盐炙工艺对川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量的影响,优选盐炙续断炮制工艺.方法:以HPLC测定川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量为评价指标,采用正交试验法筛选盐炙续断炮制工艺参数.结果:优选的盐炙续断炮制工艺为每500 g续断药材用10 g盐浸润45 min,150℃炒制8 min.结论:优选的盐炙续断炮制工艺可明显提高续断有效成分的溶出率,且工艺稳定、质量可控,为续断炮制规范的研究提供参考.     

白金妇安颗粒中挥发油β-环状精包合物制备工艺

目的: 优选白金妇安颗粒中挥发油β-环状精包合物制备工艺。方法: 以不同时间挥发油的提取量为指标,采用正交试验法对白金妇安颗粒中的当归、川芎、郁金、牡丹皮的挥发油提取工艺进行优选;以倍他环糊精(β-CD)包封挥发油的包封率为指标,采用正交试验法对白金妇安颗粒中的的挥发油包合工艺进行优选。结果: 药材当归、川芎、郁金、牡丹皮粉碎成粗粉,加5倍量的水,浸泡2 h,水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油5 h。取挥发油5倍量的β-环糊精,加入1倍β-CD量20%乙醇,研磨成糊状,加入挥发油,继续研磨2 h,得糊状物,低温干燥。结论: 确定的工艺合理,有效成分提取率高。     

模拟按压手法对兔膝骨关节炎治疗作用的实验研究

目的探讨推拿手法对兔膝骨关节炎的治疗作用及机制。方法将36只健康新西兰大白兔随机分为6组,每组6只,即正常组、模型组和治疗组(根据治疗手法不同再分成4组);除正常组外,其余30只实验兔采用髌韧带缺损术建立膝骨关节炎模型,8周后对治疗组实验免进行治疗,隔天治疗1次,连续治疗6周;对照组不做任何治疗。6周后,检测各组实验兔血清中TNF-α、MMP-13水平,膝关节软骨标本经HE、番红O及甲苯胺蓝染色后光镜下观察病理组织学改变,并用免疫组化检测软骨细胞整合素α1β1的表达。结果①组织形态学:治疗组与模型组比较,软骨细胞簇集和基质失染现象有减轻趋势,但未达到正常组水平;②各治疗组与模型组比较,Mankin评分及血清TNF-α、MMP-13水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③治疗组与模型组整合素α1β1表达无明显差异,但均较正常组表达高。结论软骨组织形态学及血清学检测显示,按压手法通过改变关节内应力环境,调节TNF-α、MMP-13和整合素α1β1的表达来抑制软骨细胞的凋亡,刺激软骨的组织与再生,促进软骨细胞外基质的代谢,从而起到抑制关节软骨退变的作用。     

童喘清颗粒对大鼠长期毒性的实验研究

目的观察连续灌胃给予童喘清颗粒药物对大鼠产生的毒性反应。方法用相当于生药材20.0、10.0和5.0g/kg剂量的童喘清颗粒给大鼠连续灌胃给药180 d,观察给药期间大鼠的一般状况及可能出现的毒性反应,给药结束时测试大鼠血常规及血液生化等指标。结果 3个给药组分别与对照组进行比较,大鼠一般状况均未见明显异常,各种血常规和血液生化指标、脏器系数及组织结构也均未见明显异常。结论童喘清颗粒长期连续灌胃未见毒性反应,长期服用安全。     

五叶草莓醇提物对S180荷瘤小鼠VEGF、bFGF影响及形态学观察的实验研究

目的:观察单味五叶草莓醇提物对S180荷瘤小鼠的影响,探讨五叶草莓抗肿瘤效果及可能机制。方法:对S180荷瘤小鼠实体瘤模型予以单味五叶草莓醇提物及CTX治疗,观察抑瘤率,胸腺、脾脏指数及肿瘤细胞中VEGF、bFGF的蛋白表达,并进行疗效分析。结果:CTX组及五叶草莓高、低剂量组的抑瘤率分别为51.69%、45.05%、37.77%,提示环磷酰胺的抑瘤率最高,五叶草莓有一定的抑瘤率;五叶草莓高剂量组与模型组比较脾脏指数明显升高,且具有显著差异(P0.01),中药五叶草莓对胸腺及脾脏有一定的保护作用,对免疫器官影响小于CTX。五叶草莓VEGF、bFGF蛋白在小鼠S180肉瘤组织中呈高表达,环磷酰胺及五叶草莓各剂量组可降低VEGF蛋白表达,其中VEGF与模型组相比有显著差异(P0.01)。结论:五叶草莓醇提物对S180荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤有一定的抑制作用;可促进S180荷瘤小鼠免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的生长;提高S180荷瘤小鼠VEGF、bFGF的水平。     

Who Would Pay Higher Taxes for Better Mental Health? Results of a Large‐Sample National Choice Experiment

Policy Points

•  Public funding for mental health programs must compete with other funding priorities in limited state budgets.
•  Valuing state‐funded mental health programs in a policy‐relevant context requires consideration of how much benefit from other programs the public is willing to forgo to increase mental health program benefits and how much the public is willing to be taxed for such program benefits.
•  Taxpayer resistance to increased taxes to pay for publicly funded mental health programs and perceived benefits of such programs vary with state population size.
•  In all states, taxpayers seem to support increased public funding for mental health programs such as state Medicaid services, suggesting such programs are underfunded from the perspective of the average taxpayer.

ContextThe direct and indirect impacts of serious mental illness (SMI) on health care systems and communities represents a significant burden. However, the value that community members place on alleviating this burden is not known, and SMI treatment must compete with a long list of other publicly funded priorities. This study defines the value of public mental health interventions as what the public would accept, either in the form of higher taxes or in reductions in nonhealth programs, in return for increases in the number of mental health program beneficiaries.MethodsWe developed and fielded a best‐practice discrete‐choice experiment survey to quantify respondents’ willingness to be taxed for increased spending among several competing programs, including a program for treating severe mental health conditions. A realistic decision frame was used to elicit respondents’ willingness to support expanded state budgets for mental health programs if that expansion required either cuts in the competing publicly financed programs or tax increases. The survey was administered to a general population national sample of 10,000 respondents.FindingsNearly half the respondents in our sample either chose “no budget increase” for all budget scenarios or had preferences that were too disordered to estimate trade‐off values. Including zero values for those respondents, we found that the mean (median) amount that all respondents were willing to be taxed annually for public mental health programs ranged between $156 ($99) per year for large‐population states and $343 ($181) per year for small‐population states. Respondents would accept reductions of between 1.6 and 3.4 beneficiaries in other programs in return for 1 additional mental health program beneficiary.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with findings that a substantial portion of the US public is unwilling to pay higher taxes. Nevertheless, even including the substantial number of respondents who opposed any tax increase, the willingness of both the mean and median respondent to be taxed for mental health program expansions implies that programs providing mental health services such as state Medicaid are underfunded.     

通塞脉片治疗急性脑缺血的拆方研究

目的?在通塞脉片基础上,获得治疗急性脑缺血的通塞脉微丸精简方。方法?在中医药理论指导下,在固定君臣药基础上,采用正交试验进行拆方,选择对小鼠脑缺血存活时间的影响以及体外血小板聚集抑制率的影响为评价指标,优选治疗急性脑缺血的通塞脉微丸精简方。结果?原通塞脉片处方减去党参、牛膝后的通塞脉微丸精简方具有较好的延长小鼠脑缺血存活时间,降低血小板聚集抑制率。结论?由黄芪、当归、金银花、玄参、石斛、甘草等组成的通塞脉精简方具有较好的治疗急性脑缺血的治疗作用。      

Predicting health behaviors with an experimental measure of risk preference

We conduct a large-scale economics experiment paired with a survey to examine the association between individual risk preference and health-related behaviors among adults aged 18-87 years. Risk preference is measured by the lottery choice experiment designed by Holt and Laury [Holt, C.A., Laury, S.K., 2002. Risk aversion and incentive effects. The American Economic Review 92(5), 1644-1655]. Controlling for subject demographic and economic characteristics, we find that risk aversion is negatively and significantly associated with cigarette smoking, heavy drinking, being overweight or obese, and seat belt non-use. In additional specifications, we find that risk aversion is negatively and significantly associated with the likelihood a subject engaged in any of five risky behaviors and the number of risky behaviors reported.     

集装箱硫酰氟熏蒸灭蟑的量效学研究

目的研究广谱熏蒸剂——硫酰氟熏蒸灭蟑的最佳剂量与时间的关系。方法采用静式呼吸道吸入染毒法对各组德国小蠊进行熏蒸处理,观察其中毒症状与死亡情况,运用二次响应面回归模型对实验数据进行拟合及预测,并经过现场模拟验证。结果模型方差分析结果显示,响应面模型有统计学意义（F=75.12,P〈0.0001）,总决定系数R2=0.7848,模型的一次项、二次项与交叉项均有统计学意义,其决定系数分别为0.1493、0.1902和0.4453;以该模型预测所得的硫酰氟灭蟑剂量与作用时间值为依据进行现场模拟试验,灭蟑率均达到100%。结论根据本次研究基本确定了硫酰氟熏蒸灭蟑的最佳剂量与作用时间的关系,为今后集装箱熏蒸工作中设定正确的投药量与时间提供了科学依据。