青少年和儿童牙冠与牙弓遗传度的研究

错畸形的病因学研究是口腔正畸学的热点之一。错畸形多具有遗传倾向,表现为亲代与子代之间牙及颅面性状的相似性,牙齿发育作为全身发育的一部分,环境因素可以通过影响基因的表型而使牙齿发育表现多种多样,但牙齿发育受遗传因素影响更大[1]。牙冠宽度是牙齿形态测量及牙量指数的重要指标,牙弓形状、大小与牙弓间隙分析、矫治后牙弓的稳定性密切相关。牙冠和牙弓的测量值在正畸诊断和治疗中具有重要意义。该文对遗传性因素影响牙齿和牙弓正常发育的研究现状进行概述,以期为错畸形的临床诊断和治疗提供参考。     

Is antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis worthwhile?

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare condition which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Almost 100 years ago, the links between endocarditis and procedures, particularly dental procedures, were postulated. Over 50 years ago the first guidelines recommending antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), with the aim of preventing IE developing after procedures, were proposed. However, there has only ever been circumstantial evidence in humans that AP prevents IE. The rarity of IE has made a randomised controlled clinical trial impractical to date. This article outlines the history of AP and reviews the evidence base for the use of AP to prevent IE.     

应用异种脱细胞真皮基质在种植义齿修复中的美学效果评价

目的评估异种脱细胞真皮基质植入上前牙种植区唇侧软组织的临床美学效果。方法对30例单个上前牙缺失患者行美学区单颗种植义齿修复的患者进行回顾性研究。随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组行种植术伴种植区唇侧异种脱细胞真皮基质骨膜下植入术,对照组行单纯种植术。种植义齿负载半年后按一定标准拍摄口内照片,两位观察者用红色美学指数评估口内照片中种植体周软组织各项得分。分组进行统计学分析,分析不同软组织处理与红色美学指数值之间的关系。结果种植义齿负载半年后两组种植体留存率均为100%;实验组红色美学指数平均为10.77±2.56分,对照组的红色美学指数平均9.57±2.10分,两组比较,实验组患者红色美学指数较高(P<0.05)。结论在上颌前牙美学区进行单牙种植修复时,采取异种脱细胞真皮基质骨膜下植入,可以改善种植区唇侧的美学效果。     

微创去腐技术治疗患者龋齿的临床效果评价

目的:分析微创去腐技术治疗患者龋齿的临床效果。方法:将98例龋齿患者分为观察组和对照组。观察组患者52例,采用微创去腐技术治疗龋齿;对照组患者46例,采用传统高速牙钻去腐治疗龋齿。结果:观察组患者的疼痛评分低于对照组,两组患者的单牙治疗时间、治疗后20个月时充填物完好率对比P>0.05,并发症对比P<0.05。结论:微创去腐技术治疗龋齿患者效果显著。     

口腔科患者电子病历程序的建立

目的通过系统结构设计、专家指标论证等方式,建立起有循证医学意义的口腔疾病病案管理系统框架图和口腔科患者病案管理系统的电子程序。方法使用模拟退火模型收录可能的诊断指标、治疗指标、复查指标,使用9分度专家打分法分别建立三个指标的层次分析模型,对于三个指标进行分层,并运用ACCESS+ASP技术构建网络框架体系。结果设计出的口腔科电子病历管理网站可包涵四大业务模块:面向患者模块;面向医生模块;费用管理;数据模块。结论口腔门诊电子病历管理网站的建立能很好地保证病案的完整性,系统地进行口腔疾病统计,促进口腔医患互动和圈内病例的交流学习。     

2～6岁儿童牙科诊室行为影响因素研究

目的：探讨影响2~6岁儿童牙科诊室行为的因素。方法选取71例2~6岁儿童,分为A组(配合组)、B组(不配合组);获取儿童的情绪类型以及日常的行为特点、儿童母亲的牙科焦虑状况、儿童家长的口腔健康意识等资料。结果A、B两组患儿的年龄、情绪应激性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);家长对儿童口腔疾病的责任承担度、患儿入园表现、治疗持续时间与儿童的牙科诊室行为存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论家长的责任承担度、患儿入园表现、治疗的持续时间是影响2~6岁儿童牙科诊室行为的主要因素。     

Accuracy of the London Atlas,Haavikko’s Method and Cameriere’s European Formula of dental age estimation in Turkish children

Age estimation is a mandatory procedure when the chronological age is unknown or uncertain. Dental development is the preferred characteristic for estimating a child's age. There are many methods for dental age estimation, but their reliability can differ between populations. This study compared the accuracy of three of these methods—the London Atlas (LA), Haavikko's method (HM), and Cameriere's European formula (CF)—in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey. Panoramic radiographs of 980 children from northwestern Turkey aged between 6.00 and 14.99 years were examined for the whole study group and separately for different ages and sexes by all three methods. Statistical differences between chronological age and dental age were tested using the paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The LA, HM, and CF accuracies were determined based on the mean absolute error. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between chronological age and dental age for both sexes was linear for all methods. The LA overestimated the chronological age by 0.09 years, while HM and CF underestimated it by 0.49 and 0.11 years, respectively. The difference between dental age and chronological age was significant in all samples, for all methods, except for the LA in boys. When boys, girls, and the total sample were evaluated, values with the lowest mean absolute error were obtained by HM and were statistically significant in all three groups. Therefore, HM is more accurate than the LA and CF for dental age estimation in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey.     

Provision of hepatitis B vaccination for primary care dental staff in Scotland

OBJECTIVES: All dental surgeons should be protected from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by immunisation, ideally administered and monitored via occupational health services (OHS). This study examined relevant OHS systems in place for dental primary care healthcare workers (DHCW) across all Health Board Areas (HBAs) in Scotland. It also explored the DHCWs' knowledge of, and access to, these systems in three HBAs. METHODS: Data from senior staff in all Scottish Health Boards and Primary Care Trusts were collected by self-completing questionnaires. Information from DHCWs was collected via telephone interviews with General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) and Community Dental Officers (CDOs) in each of Ayrshire and Arran, Highland and Lothian Health Boards. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 15 HBAs had robust HBV vaccination and monitoring systems. However, only 7/15 (47%) of these covered all DHCWs. Seven HBAs provided vaccination and monitoring for CDOs only, leaving GDPs to undertake these responsibilities for themselves. Of the 105 DHCWs approached, 82 gave an interview. These interviews highlighted major differences between HBAs in relation to access of DHCWs to OHS and indicated that CDOs had greater access than GDPs to OHS. Overall, 31% of DHCWs were not satisfied with the OHS available. CONCLUSION: In order to safeguard both staff and patients, significant further work is required to ensure that all DHCWs have access to appropriate OHS support for provision and monitoring of immunisation procedures and related functions such as management of sharps injuries.     

安达市地氟病7年监测结果分析

目的 科学地评价饮水型氟病区改水降氟预防措施的效果。方法 用离子电极法测定水氟浓度,用Ｄｅａｎ氏法检查８～１２岁儿童氟斑牙。结果 １９９１－１９９３年,水氟浓度逐年下降,而１９９４年以后,水氟浓度出现回升;氟斑牙患病率随着水氟浓度的高低而上下波动,但总的患病率仍呈较高的水平。结论 水氟浓度与氟斑牙的患病率呈正相关关系,因此,要控制氟斑牙的患病率必须解决监测点水氟回升问题,将水氟浓度降低到允许范围。