大学生流言蜚语态度问卷的编制

目的编制大学生流言蜚语态度问卷。方法随机抽取993名大学生为被试,通过开放式问卷调查、初始问卷的预测和正式施测,编制了大学生流言蜚语态度问卷。结果①大学生流言蜚语态度问卷含有2个因子,分别是社会价值、道德价值;②问卷模型拟合指数RM SEA=0.041,NNF I=0.97,CF I=0.98,GF I=0.97,拟合良好。结论大学生流言蜚语态度问卷是一个信效度较好的测评工具。     

Quality of life outcomes following dacryocystorhinostomy: external and endonasal laser techniques compared

AIMS/BACKGROUND . Endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy (ELDCR) has recently become established as an alternative technique to conventional external DCR (EXDCR) for relief of epiphora. The aim of this study was to compare quality of life and symptomatic outcomes in patients treated by these two methods. METHODS . A postal questionnaire was sent to 204 ELDCR and 78 EXDCR patients who had undergone surgery under our care more than 6 months previously. The questionnaire included the validated 18-item Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) and 5 further questions addressing ocular symptomatology. RESULTS . Fully completed questionnaires were received from 156 ELDCR and 50 EXDCR patients. Mean GBI scores of +16.8 (ELDCR) and +23.2 (EXDCR) were obtained (Mann-Whitney U test = NS). Ocular symptom scores were +33 (ELDCR) and +54 (EXDCR) (p=0.005). CONCLUSION . Patients undergoing either ELDCR or EXDCR experience significant benefit in their healthcare status as detected by the GBI. There is no significant difference between the scores obtained by the two groups of patients. There were improvements in ocular symptom scores in both groups, with patients who had EXDCR scoring significantly better than the ELDCR group.     

中文版青少年癫痫患者生活质量问卷效度及信度检验

目的 评价中文版青少年癫痫患者生活质量问卷( QOLIE-AD-48)效度、信度及敏感度,为临床研究提供一个良好的测量工具.方法 对143例青少年癫痫患者进行QOLIE-AD-48问卷测验,分析量表效度、信度及敏感度.结果 聚合/判别效度显示分量表内的每道题目与所在分量表的相关系数在0.4以上,每一题目与所在分量表的相关性高于其他分量表.结构效度表明主轴因子没有二级因子产生,所有的分量表与总分显著相关(P＜0.Ol).总分内部一致信度为0.92,分量表在0.62 ～0.90之间,总分重测信度ICC为0.81.总分随发作严重程度的增加而显著下降,显示敏感度良好.结论 中文版QOLIE-AD-48具有良好的效度、信度及敏感度.     

应用Delphi法对临床护士特定情况下药物处方权的初步探讨

[目的]探讨中国临床护士特定情况下的药物处方权。[方法]采用自行设计的问卷,应用Delphi法对39名护理专家和14名医疗专家进行临床护士特定情况下药物处方权的问卷咨询。[结果]30名护理专家同意给予护士处方权,13名的医疗专家同意给予护士处方权;同意给予护士处方权的专家对特定情况中高热、过敏性休克的认同率高,对昏迷和心肌梗死的认同率低;专家对协议处方的认同率较高;通过对第1轮问卷的修改形成第2轮咨询问卷。[结论]不同意给予护士处方权的专家观点可以从政策、管理、临床、教育四方面进行分析,同意的专家对所列内容的选择较集中。     

咳嗽症状严重程度评价

咳嗽是临床上常见的症状,可由许多疾病引起。评价患者咳嗽程度能够帮助了解患者生活质量受影响程度以及评估治疗效果。近年,发展出了许多咳嗽评估方法包括有咳嗽评分,生活质量问卷,咳嗽监测以及咳嗽反射敏感性测定。在临床实际中应综合使用这些方法以互为补充。     

Sexual behaviour of Croatian blood donors as a threat to the health of blood recipients

Background

In this cross-sectional study we assessed the prevalence of the various blood safety sexual risk behaviours among blood donors from East Croatia and the possibilities for improving the present blood donor screening procedure.

Materials and methods

The study included 423 blood donors of both sexes who completed a specially designed anonymous questionnaire immediately after their blood donations. The questionnaire contained questions on demographic data, sexual preferences, and possible sexual risk behaviours in the period before the blood donation.

Results

The study revealed that the most common forms of sexual risk behaviour among Croatian blood donors had been irregular condom use during sexual contacts with new partners (294/423; 69.5%) and five or more sexual partners during the lifetime (213/423; 50.4%). More male than female subjects had had five or more sexual partners during their lifetime (p<0.0001). Compared to married donors, single subjects more frequently reported sexual contacts without using a condom with their new partners in the period from the last blood donation (p<0.0001) and also in the period of 1 month before current blood donation (p=0.0060). A larger number of younger than older subjects had practiced different types of sexual intercourses during the lifetime (p=0.0002) but more older than younger subjects reported irregular use of condom on sexual contacts with a new partner during their lifetime (p=0.0231).

Conclusion

Blood donors who were involved in various forms of sexual risk behaviour represent a serious threat to the health of blood recipients. In this respect a new approach to blood donor screening procedure with additional questions on sexual behaviour in anonymous donor questionnaires would improve the safety of transfusion treatment in East Croatia.     

The impact of endothelin-1 genetic analysis and job strain on ambulatory blood pressure

Objective

An interaction between the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1), blood pressure (BP) and social determinants has been previously found. Using a well-characterized cohort of participants, the impact of associations between genetic factors and job strain on BP was evaluated.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of five polymorphisms covering the EDN1, of which 2 were previously reported to be associated with BP, was performed. Study subjects had previously completed a baseline evaluation including 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and an assessment of job strain. This report presents the findings for 184 subjects who gave DNA samples for genetic analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed between each genetic marker and 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as two-way ANOVAs to test the interaction effect with job strain.

Results

Trends for relationships were observed between SBP and two polymorphisms: rs10478694 and rs5369. An interaction between job strain and those heterozygous for two polymorphisms showed higher SBP (P=.029 and .008) and a tendency for higher DBP. All findings were more significant when analyses were confined to the 139 Caucasian subjects.

Conclusion

This is the first study to report an interaction between the EDN1 gene, job strain and BP, supporting previous evidence of a role of this gene in the interaction between environmental stress and ambulatory BP. Given the limited sample size, the results should be considered preliminary, and further studies are required.     

Knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy among inhabitants of Silesia. A questionnaire study

Background and purposeEpilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological diseases. Social acceptance is very important for people with epilepsy and their relatives. The aim of the study was to assess public knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy in Silesia.Material and methodsWe examined 419 people, inhabitants of Silesia, at the mean age of 34 ± 15 years. The study was performed using a questionnaire containing 15 questions evaluating knowledge about epilepsy and attitudes towards people with epilepsy.Results43.2% of the respondents knew an epileptic person themselves. 44.7% had witnessed an epileptic seizure; 68.8% would help a person during an epileptic seizure, but most of them (73.4%) would do it incorrectly (by putting an object into the mouth to prevent biting the tongue). 94.5% of respondents had nothing against friendship with an epileptic person, but 12.1% suggested that children with epilepsy should attend special schools. 85.9% of all those examined said that people with epilepsy should inform others about their disease, 81.9% would mention the existence of an epileptic person in their family. 40.5% of respondents believe that people with epilepsy can do the same jobs as healthy people, 75.3% would employ an epileptic person themselves.ConclusionsThe knowledge about epilepsy and first aid during epileptic seizure is still insufficient among inhabitants of Silesia. Most of the responders, especially better educated ones, declare acceptance and tolerance of people with epilepsy. More effort should be made to improve public knowledge of epilepsy by preparing wide-spread educational programmes.     

机械通气系统效能评估指标的建立

目的 应用Delphi法筛选机械通气系统效能评估指标.方法 根据研究主题遴选25名从事危重症治疗和护理工作的咨询专家,采用Delphi法进行两轮咨询.结果 两轮咨询问卷回收率分别为100%和96%;专家权威系数均为0.89;专家意见的协调系数分别为0.47和0.49,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);两轮咨询后,最终...