基于德尔菲法的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系构建

 目的 构建护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系,为培养及评价护理人员感染防控能力提供客观标准。方法 通过文献查阅和半结构式访谈法拟定护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标草案,筛选并邀请全国20名感染防控、护理管理、感染性疾病等领域专家采用德尔菲法对草案进行修改,采取层次分析法确定最终指标权重。结果 两轮咨询专家积极系数均为100%,权威系数分别为0.874、0.882;肯德尔和谐系数在0.139~0.545,两轮专家咨询最终确定了包括一级指标3项、二级指标10项、三级指标28项的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系。结论 研究构建的护理人员医院感染防控能力评价指标体系,可为护理人员医院感染防控能力培训、评价提供依据。     

Self-Reported Dietary Supplement Use Is Reproducible and Relatively Valid in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy

BackgroundDietary supplement use is common, particularly among cancer survivors and those at increased risk for cancer.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to assess 1-year test–retest reproducibility of dietary supplement use reported via food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-1 vs FFQ-2) and relative validity in comparison to repeated 24-hour dietary recalls (FFQ-2 vs DRs).DesignThis ancillary study was conducted within a large prospective cohort, the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study-3.Participants/settingBetween 2015 and 2016, 684 participants in the United States (64% women; 62% non-Hispanic White, 23% non-Hispanic Black, and 15% Hispanic) completed two FFQs and up to six unannounced telephone interviewer-administered DRs over 1 year as part of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy.Primary outcome measuresFFQs queried current multivitamin-mineral supplement (≥10 components) use, frequency and dose (range) for seven supplements taken individually or as part of a complex (individual/complex) including calcium, vitamins D, C, and E, folic acid, fish oil, and glucosamine. DRs allowed exact reporting of supplement frequency and dose.Statistical analysesWeighted κ statistics were used to evaluate reproducibility between FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 and Spearman correlation coefficients assessed agreement between supplemental nutrient amounts assessed by FFQ-2 and the average of DRs.ResultsJust more than half of the participants reported taking multivitamin-mineral supplements on the baseline FFQ. Kappa statistics for the comparison of categorical responses between FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 were 0.67 for multivitamin-mineral supplements. Kappas for individual/complex supplements ranged from 0.47 for folic acid to 0.74 for vitamin D, with a mean of 0.64. Results were similar between men and women. Spearman correlation coefficients comparing FFQ-2 with the average of DRs (validity) for nutrient intakes from all sources ranged from 0.65 (fish oil for women) to 0.77 (vitamin D for men and calcium for women); results were similar among men and women.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the FFQ used in Cancer Prevention Study-3 has good reproducibility over 1 year and yields estimates comparable to a more detailed assessment for commonly consumed dietary supplements.     

Discrepancies Between Australian Eating Disorder Clinicians and Consumers Regarding Essential Components of Dietetic Treatment

BackgroundA recent Delphi study indicated that, compared with eating disorder (ED) consumers and carers, ED specialists were less likely to endorse involvement of a dietitian as a standard component of treatment. In addition, there was disagreement between these groups regarding the inclusion of a number of components of dietetic treatment.ObjectiveThis study aimed to further investigate these data to identify areas of disagreement among ED specialist dietitians, ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians, consumers, and carers with regard to outpatient dietetic treatment.Design and participants/settingThe ED specialists panel from a previous Delphi study was recoded into 2 panels: ED specialist dietitians (n = 31) and ED specialist non–dietetic clinicians (n = 48) to compare responses of these panels with responses from consumers (n = 32) and carers (n = 23).Main outcome measuresStatements in 7 categories relating to referral to dietitian, essential components of outpatient dietetic treatment regarding 4 ED patient populations, strategies to promote multidisciplinary collaboration, and skills dietitians should possess if treating patients with an ED were rated on a 5-point Likert scale.Statistical analysis performedOne-way analysis of variance was conducted with post-hoc multiple comparisons to compare mean statement ratings.ResultsThirty-seven statements (30%) showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) in responses between panels. Discrepancies were primarily observed for statements regarding how and when dietetics is included in treatment and essential components of dietetic treatment, particularly the use of behavioral tasks, such meal plans and self-monitoring. Results also highlighted deficits in participants’ understanding of core responsibilities of dietitians in ED treatment and dietitians “drifting” from delivering evidence-based components of dietetic treatment.ConclusionsResults of this study show discrepancies among ED dietitians, clinicians, consumers, and carers regarding what dietetic treatment for people with EDs should encompass. It also indicates the need for further research into optimizing dietetic treatment for EDs that is conducted in collaboration with individuals with lived experience.     

Relative Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Dietary Intake According to the NOVA Classification in Mexican Children and Adolescents

BackgroundUltra-processed foods (UPFs) are associated with poor diet quality and chronic diseases. UPFs fall into 1 of the following 4 groups classified according to the extent and purpose of processing: group 1 is unprocessed or minimally processed foods (MPFs); group 2 is processed culinary ingredients; group 3 is processed foods; and group 4 is UPFs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) compared with two 24-hour dietary recalls (24DRs) `to estimate dietary intake per NOVA food group in Mexican children and adolescents.DesignThis study is a secondary analysis of dietary data from a subsample of children and adolescents who participated in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.Participants/settingThe study participants were 217 children (aged 5 through 11 years) and 165 adolescents (aged 12 through 19 years) with complete information for the SFFQ and two 24DRs.Main outcome measuresDaily averages of energy intake and percent of energy intake for each NOVA category were calculated using the SFFQ and two 24DRs.Statistical analysisTo assess relative validity, the SFFQ was compared with two 24DRs to estimate dietary intake per NOVA food group. Mean differences, Spearman correlations, intraclass correlations coefficients (ICCs), and Bland–Altman plots for continuous variables and weighted κ for ordinal variables were calculated.ResultsFor percentage of energy intake, ICCs in children and adolescents were moderate for MPFs (ICC = 0.47 and ICC = 0.56, respectively) and UPFs (ICC = 0.53 and ICC = 0.57, respectively). Bland–Altman plots indicated reasonably consistent agreement for UPFs and MPFs groups in children and adolescents. Classification by quintiles was acceptable in all groups.ConclusionsData from this study indicated reasonable relative validity of the SFFQ to rank the percentage of energy intake from MPFs and UPFs in Mexican children and adolescents.     

Specific Dietary Protein Sources Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

BackgroundPuerto Rican adults residing in the US mainland experience a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A diet containing healthy protein-rich sources may help control risk factors for MetS.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate 2-year longitudinal associations between intake of various protein-rich foods and changes in the six MetS components.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study using data from the baseline (2004–2007) and 2-year follow-up visits (2006–2011) in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.Participants/settingParticipants were self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in Boston, Massachusetts, or the surrounding area (n = 1,126).Main outcome measuresMetS components were fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and waist circumference.Statistical analysisBaseline intake of foods reported in a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were expressed as servings/day, and protein-rich foods were categorized as unprocessed white meat, unprocessed red meat, processed meat, milk and yogurt, cheese, fish and seafood, beans, nuts, and eggs. Associations between each continuous protein food group and continuous 2-year change in MetS components were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and other dietary sources.ResultsThe top contributors to total protein intake were unprocessed red meat (13.3%) and unprocessed poultry (13.0%), and the lowest were eggs (2.92%) and nuts (0.91%). Higher intake of processed meats was associated with an increase in waist circumference over 2 years (β = 1.28; standard error [SE] = 0.63), whereas higher intake of fish and seafood was associated with a decrease in waist circumference (β = ?3.47; SE = 1.39). Intake of unprocessed poultry was associated with a decrease in triglycerides (β = ?24.5; SE = 9.13). No other significant associations were observed between protein sources and 2-year changes in MetS components.ConclusionsConsuming less processed meat and more fish and seafood and unprocessed poultry was associated with decreases in waist circumference and triglycerides among US mainland Puerto Ricans. Other dietary protein sources were not related to cardiometabolic health.     

城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标的构建

目的 构建城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标,为了解城市老年人居家环境的质量水平和相关服务需求提供评价工具.方法 以世界卫生组织老年友好城市指南作为理论框架,在文献回顾和质性访谈的基础上形成草稿.采用德尔菲法对20名专家进行2轮咨询.结果 2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为90.91％、90.00％;第2轮专家咨询的权威系数为0.865,专家意见协调系数为0.305～0.671;最终确定的指标体系包括户外空间和建筑、交通、家庭住宅、社会交往和参与、社区服务和信息与通讯6项一级指标,84项二级指标.结论 城市居家老年人宜老环境自我报告评估指标有较好的专家认可度,可作为评价中国城市居家老年人环境质量的工具.     

居家养老环境风险评估体系的构建

目的 构建居家养老环境风险评估指标体系,为开展老年人居家环境风险评估提供测评工具.方法 采用文献研究法、焦点小组讨论法、德尔菲专家咨询法筛选评估指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,建立老年人居家养老环境风险评估体系.结果 2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率分别为92.31％、86.11％,权威系数分别为0.878、0.892;Ⅰ级指标协调系数分别为0.276、0.291;最终构建的居家养老环境风险评估指标体系包括Ⅰ级指标9个和Ⅱ级指标43个,并确定各级指标权重.结论 居家养老环境风险评估体系被专家认可,评估指标体系的内容全面、权重合理,但需进一步在社区开展实证研究.     

麻醉科专科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建适合我国的麻醉科专科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系,为麻醉科专科护士培养及评价提供参考.方法 通过文献回顾法、小组讨论法、德尔菲专家函询法以及层次分析法,确定麻醉科专科护士岗位胜任力各级评价指标及权重.结果 麻醉科专科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系包含专业知识、专业技术、专业能力、管理能力和个人特质5项一级指标和38项二级指标.两轮函询专家积极系数分别为89.47％和94.12％,专家权威系数分别为0.865和0.889,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.182、0.237(均P＜0.01).结论 构建的麻醉科专科护士岗位胜任力评价指标体系,可作为麻醉科专科护士岗位胜任力水平的测评工具,为麻醉科专科护士培训、考核及任用提供参考.     

湖北省胃肠道肿瘤病人围手术期静脉血栓栓塞症多中心调查及分析

目的 调查分析湖北省胃肠道肿瘤病人围手术期静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）防治现状。方法 回顾性分析2019-01-01至2019-12-31湖北省胃肠外科联盟成员医院收治的行手术治疗的胃肠道肿瘤病人VTE防治相关临床资料。 结果 收集62家医院调查问卷7751份,其中有效问卷共计7474份,有效率96.4%。所有病人中,术前736例（9.8%）接受恰当预防措施,7012例（93.8%）术前行D-二聚体检查,2301例（30.7%）术前行下肢静脉超声检查。术后451例（6.0%）病人接受恰当预防措施。术后6434例（86.1%）病人行D-二聚体检查;1675例（22.2%）行下肢静脉超声检查,其中164例发生下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）,20例病人发生肺动脉栓塞（PE）,有5例PE病人住院期间死亡。结论 当前湖北省胃肠道肿瘤病人围手术期下肢静脉超声检查及恰当预防比例偏低,围手术期VTE规范化防治水平有待提高。     

应用德尔菲法确定骨质疏松高风险人群评估工具及评价指标

目的运用德尔菲法筛选骨质疏松高风险人群的评估工具和评价指标,为临床骨质疏松高风险人群的辨识提供依据。方法在文献研究基础上,结合专家意见设计调查问卷,对骨质疏松领域专家进行两轮调查,统计分析专家积极系数、意见集中程度和协调程度。结果第一轮发放问卷20份收回20份,第二轮发放30份收回28份,专家积极系数分别为100%和93.33%。结果显示,骨质疏松风险一分钟测试题、中医评估量表和亚洲人骨质疏松症自我筛查工具可作为骨质疏松高风险人群的风险评估初筛工具;双能X线吸收检测法、骨转换指标、血钙血磷3项应作为主要的辅助检查内容;骨密度、中医证候积分、血钙血磷、平衡能力、生活质量评分、骨转换指标、疼痛视觉模拟评分、跌倒次数、骨折发生次数可作为重点的评价指标。结论基于德尔菲法确定了骨质疏松高风险人群的评估工具及评价指标,为骨质疏松高风险人群的筛选评价提供参考。