病理生理学双语教学的调查与分析

目的探讨病理生理学双语教学的方式和效果以及影响因素。方法对我院2005级7年制临床专业学生进行病理生理学双语教学问卷调查,分析双语教学的有效方式和教学效果,并对影响因素进行分析。结果大多数学生赞成采用以中文教材为主、英文教材为辅,英汉对照多媒体课件以中文讲授为主、中间穿插英文关键词语以及英文课堂小结的教学方式。教学方法、教师素质、高质量教材等是影响双语教学的因素。结论双语教学方式采用英文板书、中文诠释、英文小结及联系实例效果为好;双语教学可提高学生专业英语水平,对掌握先进的科学知识有重要作用。     

应用加权秩和比法综合评估血吸虫防治效果

目的应用加权秩和比法综合评估血吸虫病防治效果,为血吸虫病防治及政策制定提供参考。方法选择反映血吸虫防治效果三个方面的疫情指标体系:人群感染情况、家畜感染情况、洲滩危险指标,并通过德尔菲法建立各指标的组合权重,再应用加权秩和比(RSRw)法对3个试点村连续4年的防治效果指标进行综合测评。结果试点村中双坪村及利兴村的RSRw时间序列值逐年升高,并在2009年达到最高,预示着两村的血吸虫病防治效果较好且呈逐年上升趋势,而灯塔村的RSRw时间序列值有所波动,且存在下滑趋势,意味着灯塔村的血吸虫病防治效果欠佳,防治工作质量有待加强。结论加权秩和比法可克服单一评估指标的不足,给人整体感,所包含信息量大,操作简单,应用性强,在评估血吸虫病防治效果中能综合直观地反映血吸虫病的防治效果及趋势,可为血吸虫病防治政策的制定及防治重点提供科学的参考。     

心理性亚健康中医健康教育问卷的研制与评价

[目的] 依据健康教育“知信行”相关理论,编制心理性亚健康人群中医健康教育问卷,并对其信度、效度、反应度进行评价。[方法] 采用Cronbach''s alpha系数分析问卷的结构效度,因子分析方法分析内容效度,修订心理性亚健康中医健康教育问卷。[结果] 编制的健康教育效果问卷各项目及总分的同质性信度处于0.71～0.75范围,显示该问卷的内部一致性较好;各项目与总分间的相关系数都在P<0.001水平上,表明该问卷具有良好的内容效度;各项目对高暴露组和低暴露组人群的反应程度差异具有统计学意义,说明该问卷具有较好的灵敏度。[结论] 心理性亚健康人群中医健康教育问卷具有较好信度和效度,可用于评价心理性亚健康中医健康教育的效果。     

对500名广州妇女关于激素替代疗法态度的调查

【目的】了解广州妇女对激素替代疗法 (HRT)的态度。【方法】对 5 0 0名妇女进行面对面的问卷调查 ,记录她们对绝经症状以及激素替代疗法的认识和态度。【结果】 5 9%的妇女认为对绝经症状应该求医 ,41%妇女采取消极忍耐的态度 ,76 2 %的人选择妇科就诊 ,19 8%的妇女选择内外科或精神科 ;仅有 2 2 1%的妇女听说过HRT。绝经后妇女应用HRT的有5 9% ,2 4 4%的人不知道HRT的益处 ,知道可以预防骨质疏松和心血管疾病的分别有 17 8%和 10 8% ,5 9 8%的人不知道HRT的副作用 ,13 6 %的人不知道在哪科医生的指导下应用HRT ,40 4%的人不知道何时开始应用HRT。【结论】我们认为广州妇女的围绝经期保健意识不强 ,对HRT的了解很少 ,对HRT的利弊认识不足 ,有必要开展这方面的科普教育工作。     

胃食管反流病：症状、内镜表现及食管pH监测关系分析

目的：比较及分析不同症状与黏膜损伤、病理性酸反流的关系。方法：选取2007年3月至2010年12月间于我院就诊、同时接受RDQ问卷调查、胃镜及动态食管pH监测的患者300例,分析症状、食管炎与食管pH变化三者的关系。结果：1. 男性、体重指数、食管裂孔疝是反流性食管炎的危险因素;年龄与重度反流性食管炎相关;2.问卷、内镜及食管pH监测结果缺乏一致性,但反流性食管炎患者重度黏膜损伤与病理性酸反流相关;3.胸痛症状与反流性食管炎及病理性酸反流未见明显相关性。结论：男性、高龄、体重指数、食管裂孔疝可能是食管炎的危险因素;内镜及食管pH监测各有其特点,在诊断中互相补充;与其他症状相比,胸痛患者食管炎或病理性酸反流的发生率下降。     

Screening for Low Energy Availability in Male Athletes: Attempted Validation of LEAM-Q

A questionnaire-based screening tool for male athletes at risk of low energy availability (LEA) could facilitate both research and clinical practice. The present options rely on proxies for LEA such screening tools for disordered eating, exercise dependence, or those validated in female athlete populations. in which the female-specific sections are excluded. To overcome these limitations and support progress in understanding LEA in males, centres in Australia, Norway, Denmark, and Sweden collaborated to develop a screening tool (LEAM-Q) based on clinical investigations of elite and sub-elite male athletes from multiple countries and ethnicities, and a variety of endurance and weight-sensitive sports. A bank of questions was developed from previously validated questionnaires and expert opinion on various clinical markers of LEA in athletic or eating disorder populations, dizziness, thermoregulation, gastrointestinal symptoms, injury, illness, wellbeing, recovery, sleep and sex drive. The validation process covered reliability, content validity, a multivariate analysis of associations between variable responses and clinical markers, and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of variables, with the inclusion threshold being set at 60% sensitivity. Comparison of the scores of the retained questionnaire variables between subjects classified as cases or controls based on clinical markers of LEA revealed an internal consistency and reliability of 0.71. Scores for sleep and thermoregulation were not associated with any clinical marker and were excluded from any further analysis. Of the remaining variables, dizziness, illness, fatigue, and sex drive had sufficient sensitivity to be retained in the questionnaire, but only low sex drive was able to distinguish between LEA cases and controls and was associated with perturbations in key clinical markers and questionnaire responses. In summary, in this large and international cohort, low sex drive was the most effective self-reported symptom in identifying male athletes requiring further clinical assessment for LEA.     

Longitudinal Nutritional Intakes in Italian Pregnant Women in Comparison with National Nutritional Guidelines

Background: Nutritional quality during pregnancy is crucial for mother and child health and their short/long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence to nutritional recommendations in Italy during the three pregnancy trimesters in Normal Weight (NW) and Over Weight (OW) women. Methods: Data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial included 176 women (NW = 133; OW = 43) with healthy singleton pregnancies enrolled within 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake was assessed every trimester by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results: OW and NW had similar gestational weight gain. However, as Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend lower gestational weight gain (GWG) for OW, they exceeded the suggested range. In both groups, caloric intake during the three trimesters never met recommendations. Protein intake in first and second trimester was higher than recommendations, as was sugars percentage. Dietary fiber intake was lower in OW. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron and folic acid requirements were never satisfied, while sodium intake exceeded recommendations. Conclusions: NW and OW women in Italy do not adhere to nutritional recommendations during pregnancy, with lower caloric intake, protein and sugars excess and inadequacies in micronutrients intake. Pregnant women in Italy should be provided with an adequate counseling and educational intervention as well as supplementation when indicated.     

苏州城区中年非体力劳动人群体力活动状况与部分体适能指标的调查

目的通过调查苏州城区中年非体力劳动人群体力活动现状、部分体适能指标的特点以及两者间的关系,为较发达地区人群＂代谢症候群＂的预警提供依据。方法选取苏州城区中年城市非体力劳动者300名,采用国际体力活动问卷（长卷）调查体力活动状况,并对调查者进行了身高、体质量、腰围、臀围及血压、血糖的测试。结果中等强度的体力活动或步行是主要的活动方式,达到低、中、高活动水平的人口比例分别为35%、57%和8%,女性达到体力活动充足的比例（94%）具有高于男性（89%）的趋势,但无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。高水平体力活动人群的腰围（75.44±8.24）cm与腰臀比（0.79±0.04）低于低水平体力活动人群[腰围（80.88±5.28）cm、腰臀比0.84±0.05]（均P〈0.05）。身体质量指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、腰臀比（WHR）正常组人群的体力活动情况具有较好趋势（均P〈0.05）,而根据血压值划分的正常组在重体力活动与步行各方面均优于高血压组（均P〈0.05）。结论苏州城区中年非体力劳动人群主要参与强度为中等的体力活动或步行,重体力活动参与较少。体适能指标较优者普遍体力活动参与程度较高。     

高校图书馆员培训效果评价指标体系构建

图书馆馆员培训效果评价对馆员培训起着重要的指导作用,目前高校图书馆馆员培训效果评价方面的研究较欠缺。综合运用德尔菲法和层次分析法构建一个相对合理的高校图书馆馆员培训效果评价指标体系,以期为高校图书馆馆员的培训提供切实的帮助。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者家属参与早期活动方案的研究

目的探讨科学、可行的家属参与急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期活动方案。方法在文献回顾、半结构式访谈的基础上,基于互动式患者参与患者安全理论框架,初步形成急性缺血性脑卒中患者家属参与早期活动方案。通过19名专家进行2轮德尔菲法专家咨询,修订急性缺血性脑卒中患者家属参与早期活动方案。结果 2轮专家咨询的问卷回收率分别为89.47%和100%,专家权威系数为0.786和0.797。最终形成的急性缺血性脑卒中患者家属参与早期活动方案包括决策性参与、照护性参与、诉求性参与及安全保障方案4项一级指标,二级指标8项,三级指标29项。结论患者家属参与急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期活动方案的制订可提高家属对患者活动的关注与支持,对促进卒中患者康复有积极作用。