颅内表皮样囊肿术后迟发出血的护理

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿术后迟发出血的临床特点及护理方法.方法 对2002-2012年北京天坛医院行手术治疗的628例颅内表皮样囊肿患者中术后并发迟发出血的31例患者资料进行回顾性分析,分析该并发症的临床特点及其相应的护理措施.结果 颅内表皮样囊肿术后迟发出血发生率为4.9％(31/628),明显高于同期颅内肿瘤切除术后颅内出血的发生率[0.9％(122/13 479),P＜ 0.001].31例术后迟发出血患者中,男14例,女17例;平均年龄(39岁±20)岁;出血时间发生在术后第5～23天,中位时间为术后第8天.临床表现主要包括颅高压和(或)脑膜刺激征(71.0％),脑疝(16.1％),癫痫(9.7％)以及晕厥(3.2％).11例出现二次出血,二次出血发生率为35.5％(11/31).25例患者康复出院,其中21例恢复满意,另4例神经功能障碍较前加重;其余6例死亡.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿术后并发迟发出血的时间发生在术后第5～23天,且术后1周左右迟发出血比例较大,出血后二次出血发生率高.在此期间,护理人员应提高对该并发症的警惕,争取早发现,早抢救;出血发生后积极有效的护理,对改善患者的预后具有重要的作用.     

Anestesia geral sem opioide e recuperação induzida da anestesia em paciente com distrofia miotônica tipo‐1: relato de caso

Myotonic dystrophy type‐1 (Steinert disease) is an autosomal dominant, progressive multisystem disease in which myotonic crisis can be triggered by several factors including pain, emotional stress, hypothermia, shivering, and mechanical or electrical stimulation. In this report, dexmedetomidine‐based general anesthesia, in combination with a thoracic epidural for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with Steinert disease, is presented. An Aintree intubation catheter with the guidance of a fiberoptic bronchoscope was used for intubation to avoid laryngoscopy. Prolonged anesthetic effects of propofol were reversed, and recovery from anesthesia was accelerated using an intravenous infusion of theophylline.     

儿童球内异物延迟取出的临床特征及手术术式选择的分析

目的探讨导致儿童球内异物延迟取出的致伤原因及异物特点,并分析其临床特征及手术术式的选择。 方法收集2002年1月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心因球内异物伤住院的91例(91只眼)儿童眼外伤的病例资料,并进行回顾分析。其中,男性81例(81只眼),女性10例(10只眼),年龄1~14岁,平均年龄(10.7±2.7)岁。根据致伤原因、异物性质、异物滞留位置、异物最长径、异物伤后并发症及异物延迟取出的手术方式进行分组。使用均数±标准差( ±s)描述年龄的分布情况;采用频数和百分比描述不同分组的病例数量和分布情况。使用卡方检验分析爆炸伤与非爆炸伤导致眼内炎发生率的差异。 结果儿童球内异物伤首位致伤原因为爆炸伤,共55例(55只眼),占60.4%;异物滞留位置中有74例(74只眼)异物滞留于玻璃体腔,占81.3%;异物性质中土质异物所占比例最大,共29例(29只眼),占31.9%;44例(44只眼)为多个异物,占48.4%;异物最长径≥10 mm的巨大异物共12例(12只眼),占13.2%。在伤后并发症中,视网膜裂孔者65例(65只眼),占71.4%,居首位;其次为外伤性白内障者61例(61只眼),占67.0%;再次为视网膜脱离者47例(47只眼,占51.6%)、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变者27例(27只眼,占29.7%)及眼内炎者22例(22只眼,占24.2%)。异物延迟取出的手术术式选择中有83例(83只眼)行玻璃体切割术,占91.2%。其中,20例(20只眼)使用眼内窥镜辅助手术,占24.1%;63例(63只眼)使用联合晶状体摘除术,占69.2%。 结论儿童球内异物患者以学龄男童高发,爆炸伤为致伤首要原因,泥沙、石块及烟花爆竹等土质异物占比最大。异物滞留于眼后段是异物延迟取出的主要原因。伤后可伴发外伤性白内障、视网膜裂孔、视网膜脱离、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变及眼内炎等多种并发症。玻璃体切割联合晶状体摘除术是主要的手术方式。儿童球内异物伤并发症多,治疗棘手,故应积极预防儿童眼外伤的发生。     

Novel co-axial prilling technique for the development of core–shell particles as delayed drug delivery systems

In this study, biocompatible double layered beads consisting of pectin core and alginate shell were prepared through a single step manufacturing process based on prilling apparatus equipped with co-axial nozzles. The core was loaded with piroxicam (PRX) as model non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Morphology, size distribution and shape of the double layered beads varied depending on the operative conditions and polymer concentrations. Co-axial nozzles size, applied vibration frequency, gelling conditions and, mainly, polymers mass ratio were identified as critical variables. Particularly, the relative viscosity of polymeric feed solutions inside the nozzle was the key parameter to obtain homogeneous and well-formed coated particles. The produced beads were investigated for the release kinetic in different media. Once PRX was encapsulated within the pectin core, a controlled release pattern was observed. Particularly, beads produced with 4:1 core/shell ratio (F4) released less than 30% of PRX in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) while total liberation of the drug was achieved during the next 3 h in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). More interesting, F4 tested in SIF was able to release drug in a delayed and sustained manner at established time points (2h_8.2%, 3h_32.2%, 4h_70.1% and 5h_about 100%). Based on the above results, co-axial prilling approach is expected to provide success in manufacturing systems with delayed drug release profiles. Such systems may be potentially useful in targeting diseases which are affected by the circadian rhythm, such as chronic inflammation.     

Effects of mirthful laughter on pain tolerance: A randomized controlled investigation

IntroductionChronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects many people. Currently, there is no single treatment known to cure or assure relief from chronic pain. Accordingly, the management of patients’ discomfort is an integral part of treating chronic pain. Such treatment, however, is not effective for many patients. We investigated whether mirthful laughter provided by comic relief can influence pain tolerance and muscle soreness in young healthy participants.MethodsForty participants underwent a randomized controlled cross-over designed experiment. Each participant was exposed to a comedy video eliciting mirthful laughter and an uninteresting documentary. Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced in one leg at a time by eccentric exercise. Pain tolerance was tested using blunt force application and assessed subjectively using a visual analog scale.ResultsWatching the comedy video elicited a significantly greater irregular breathing pattern compared with watching the documentary video (p < 0.001). After watching the comedy, the participants’ positive affect was increased (Δ2 ± 1) while it was largely decreased (Δ-11 ± 2) after watching the documentary video (p < 0.001). Pain tolerance was decreased by 17 ± 5 N after viewing the documentary video (p < 0.001), but did not change significantly after watching the comedy.ConclusionsThirty minutes of watching a comedy eliciting laughter favorably influenced pain tolerance in healthy humans.Clinical trial no.#NCT02896075.     

Treatment of dysphagia in esophageal carcinoma: Transthoracic En-Bloc esophagectomy and reconstruction 48 hours later

In 82 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer (90% squamous cell carcinoma, 10% adenocarcinoma) transthoracic “en bloc” esophagotomy with regional lymphadenectomy was performed. The reconstruction with gastric interposition was carried out with delayed urgency in a second operation 48–72 h after the initial procedure. The results of this group were compared to a group of 65 patients who had transmediastinal esophagectomy without thoractotomy and mediastinal as well as suprapancreatic lymphadenectomy and immediate reconstruction by gastric interposition. The number of postoperative risk situations concerning cardiopulmonary features were comparable in both groups. The 30-day mortality rate and postoperative morbidity was not significantly different between both patient groups (mortality rate: transthoracic: 6.6%, transmediastinal: 7.7%). The advantages of a 2-stage procedure are that esophagectomy and especially mediastinal lymphadenectomy can be performed precisely without time pressure. After 2 days the stomach is hypotonic and dilated as a result of truncal vagotomy and can easily be elevated to the neck. The interval of 48–72 hours was chosen because the postoperative right-to-left shunt has nearly normalized after this time period. En bloc esophagectomy and reconstruction with delayed urgency can be performed without disadvantages compared to a 1-stage procedure. It can especially be recommended for operations in which esophagectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy are difficult and wearisome.     

探究中周部加光镜片联合调节训练延缓近视发展

目的：探究中周部加光镜片联合调节训练延缓近视发展的临床疗效。方法：选取2011年6月-2012年6月门诊复查检查确诊为近视的60例患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。治疗组采用中周部加光镜片联合调节训练延缓近视的发展,对照组则采用常规治疗方法调节训练延缓近视的发展。结果：治疗组患者的近视延缓明显要优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：中周部加光镜片联合调节训练延缓近视发展具有较好的临床疗效,值得推广应用。