Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.     

本草纲目药物警戒数据库设计与应用研究

目的:为深入分析研究本草纲目中的药物警戒思想提供新方法。方法:基于本草纲目金陵本文献著作设计了药物警戒数据库,阐述了数据库建立的要求和存储模型的选取,以及数据库的概念和逻辑设计。结果:在此数据库的基础上可建立知识发现系统,应用数据挖掘算法,对本草纲目中的药物警戒思想进行分析。结论:本草纲目药物警戒思想数据库的建立可以为深入研究药物警戒思想提供方便、准确的手段,此方法也可应用于其他文献著作研究。     

Reciprocal Enforcement and Other Collateral Issues With Licensure Discipline

While the fear of liability is generally related to malpractice lawsuits, for nurses, including nurse practitioners (NPs), the greater risk is in licensure discipline. Unlike physicians, NPs are more likely to be disciplined by their board of nursing than they are to be sued in malpractice.¹ In addition, licensure discipline can be more consequential than malpractice lawsuits, because licensing boards have the authority to temporarily, or even permanently, separate an NP from practice. Because punitive action by a nursing board can create other problems, it is important to understand the potential effects of having one’s license disciplined.     

预约诊疗服务技术及实现方法综述

本文对目前医院开展的现场预约挂号、远程预约挂号具体的实现方式和采取的技术方法进行研究，分析阐述各种方式的优缺点、技术特点和实际开展应用的情况。     

Reducing questionnaire length did not improve physician response rate: a randomized trial

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of reducing questionnaire length on the response rate in a physician survey.Study Design and SettingA postal four double-page questionnaire on end-of-life decision making was sent to a random sample of 1,100 general practitioners, 400 elderly care physicians, and 500 medical specialists. Another random sample of 500 medical specialists received a shorter questionnaire of two double pages. After 3 months and one reminder, all nonresponding physicians received an even shorter questionnaire of one double page.ResultsTotal response was 64% (1,456 of 2,269 eligible respondents). Response rate of medical specialists for the four double-page questionnaire was equal to that of the two double-page questionnaire (190 and 191 questionnaires were returned, respectively). The total response rate increased from 53% to 64% after sending a short one double-page questionnaire (1,203–1,456 respondents).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that reducing the length of a long questionnaire in a physician survey does not necessarily improve response rate. To improve response rate and gather more information, researchers could decide to send a drastically shortened version of the questionnaire to nonresponders.     

ACR Neck Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (NI-RADS): A White Paper of the ACR NI-RADS Committee

Imaging surveillance after treatment for head and neck cancer is challenging because of complicated resection and reconstruction surgery, in addition to posttreatment changes from radiation and chemotherapy. The posttreatment neck is often a source of anxiety for diagnostic radiologists, leading to suboptimal reporting and no standardized guidance for next management steps. Nevertheless, imaging is critical for detecting submucosal recurrences in a timely manner, so that patients remain candidates for salvage surgery. In 2016, the ACR convened the Neck Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (NI-RADS) Committee with the goals to (1) provide recommendations for surveillance imaging; (2) produce a lexicon to distinguish between benign posttreatment change and residual or recurrent tumor in the posttreatment neck; and (3) propose a NI-RADS template for reporting on the basis of this lexicon with defined levels of suspicion and management recommendations. In this article, the authors present the ACR NI-RADS Committee’s recommendations, which provide guidance regarding the management of patients after treatment for head and neck cancer.     

高分辨率CT在非结核分枝杆菌肺病诊治中的价值

搜集广州市胸科医院2015年3月至2017年9月经菌种鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病、并行胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)检查的99例患者,回顾性分析肺内病灶部位、数量、形态、大小、密度、边界、分布及淋巴结的CT征象;评估99例NTM肺病患者治疗前后HRCT的表现。HRCT检查表现为斑点片状渗出、实变93例,支气管扩张78例,空洞60例,纤维条索状影59例,结节状影58例,树芽征55例,磨玻璃样影46例,淋巴结肿大45例,胸膜增厚18例,胸腔积液9例,病变通常以多种形态混杂存在。91例NTM肺病患者经克拉霉素、利福平、乙胺丁醇及阿米卡星治疗6~18个月后CT复查,显示病灶均减少;8例患者经HRCT精准定位后行患侧肺叶切除术,术后肺部病灶明显减少,但均出现术侧胸膜肥厚粘连。胸部HRCT对NTM肺病的诊断及治疗具有重要的应用价值。     

Defining a valid day of accelerometer monitoring in adults with mental illness

IntroductionA valid day of accelerometry is commonly defined as an absolute duration of wear time. Data processing inconsistencies can arise when using absolute valid-day criteria for adults with varied waking hours. The aim was to compare the use of absolute and relative valid-day criteria in a sample of adults with mental illness.MethodsData were from 99 non-institutionalised adults with mental illness. Participants were asked to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer continuously for seven days, and to note sleep and non-wear times. Absolute valid-day criteria were defined as a set number of hours/day, and relative criteria as a proportion of waking hours. The mean waking duration, non-wear time, and time spent in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), were derived from accelerometer data, and compared for a range of absolute and relative criteria. The potential inaccuracy of PA and SB estimates were also estimated.ResultsUse of absolute criteria systematically biased the sample toward those with longer waking hours, and resulted in a median of 86% (IQR = 47%–198%) more non-wear time than relative criteria. The potential inaccuracy of SB was from −2.5% to 0% with relative criteria, and from −2.2% to 10.6% for absolute criteria.ConclusionsFor participant samples with varied waking hours, such as adults with mental illness, a valid-day criterion should be based on the proportion of waking hours, rather than the absolute time. The specific valid-day criterion should be chosen for each study independently, and be accompanied with a measure of the non-wear time.