Use of Smartphone Applications for Diabetes Management in Kuwait: A Pilot Study

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dasman Diabetes Institute (Kuwait) to investigate the attitudes to smartphone diabetes-related applications used by diabetic patients. In total, 111 patients aged 59.0?±?9.0?years completed the questionnaires. Most of the respondents were Kuwaiti (83%), with type 2 diabetes (79%) and had had diabetes for more than five years (93%). Although most respondents owned a smartphone (94%), only 12% were using diabetes-related applications. Barriers included unawareness, language, losing interest, lack of time and complicated use. Medical appointment reminder was an important desired feature. Designing apps in the Arabic-language with easy to use features is recommended.     

Specific hypertension smartphone application to improve medication adherence in hypertension: a cluster-randomized trial

Introduction: Digital interventions, such as smartphone applications (apps), are becoming an increasingly common way to support medication adherence and self-management in chronic illness.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in pharmacological therapeutic adherence in mild to moderate arterial hypertension (AHT), through an app installed on a mobile phone, as well as the degree of control reached by the patient with this tool.

Methods: Prospective, randomized controlled trial, full study and multicenter study. Four primary care centers participated. One hundred and fifty-four hypertensive patients under antihypertensive treatment were included. Two groups were established: a control group (CG) with usual intervention (n?=?77) and an intervention group (n?=?77) (IG), targeting hypertensive people who owned and regularly used a mobile smartphone, specifically using the app called AlerHTA to promote health education and reminder of appointments. There were three visits: initial, 6 and 12 months. Drug adherence was measured by electronic monitors (MEMSs). The primary outcomes were average daily percentage adherence between 80 and 100%, and AHT control.

Results: A total of 148 patients finished the study. Mean age was 57.5?±?9.9. Global adherence was 77.02% (CI?=?70.25–83.79) and daily adherence was 74.32% (CI?=?67.29–81.35%). Daily adherence was 93.15% and 86.3% in IG, and 70.66% and 62.66% in CG after 6 and 12 months respectively (p < .05). The percentage of uncontrolled patients was 28.3% (CI?=?21.05–35.55%). The control of high blood pressure at 12 months was 17.8% and 38.6% for IG and CG respectively (p < .05). The number of patients needed to treat to avoid non-adherence (NNT) was 4.23 patients.

Conclusions: The intervention with an app installed on the mobile phones of hypertensive patients favors pharmacological therapeutic adherence and improves the percentage of hypertensive patient control.

Trial registration: Spanish Agency of Medicine: EPA-SP UN-HTA-2015-01.     

Increasing engagement in pharmacology and pharmacogenetics education using games and online resources: The PharmacoloGenius mobile app

Mobile applications represent useful instruments to convey information and engage the users even during traveling, thanks to the wide diffusion of smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and similar devices. As such, they have high potential as learning tools that can act complementary to traditional teaching approaches. In the field of pharmacology, mobile applications are increasingly being used to improve adherence of patients or to help them report suspect adverse drug reactions. However, they have been scarcely applied to pharmacology education. In this article, we present PharmacoloGenius, a free Android mobile application integrating resources useful for students as well as healthcare professionals or researchers to expand knowledge on pharmacological topics. We gave particular emphasis to pharmacogenetics, as it is a fundamental tool to achieve personalized treatment. The application offers original games such as pharmacological trivia based on textbooks or special “journal club” trivia based on research articles conveying the state of the art on specific topics. Additionally, the app offers a curated list of online resources to study pharmacology and pharmacogenetics (e.g., free online courses, videos, and databases) as well as updated news on conferences, grants, and opportunities for pharmacologists. In conclusion, PharmacoloGenius aims to be a useful instrument for people interested in expanding their knowledge on pharmacology in an engaging way.     

Helping the Helpers – A research protocol for user-centered technology to aid caregiver management of medications for people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Background and objectiveSystematically supporting caregiver-assisted medication management through IT interventions is a critical area of need toward improving outcomes for people living with ADRD and their caregivers, but a significant gap exists in the evidence base from which IT interventions to support caregivers' medication tasks can be built. User-centered design can address the user needs evidence gap and provide a scientific mechanism for developing IT interventions that meet caregivers’ needs. The present study employs the three phases of user-centered design to address the first two stages of the NIH Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development.MethodsWe will conduct a three-phase study employing user-centered design techniques across three aims: Aim 1) assess the needs of ADRD caregivers who manage medications for people with ADRD (Stage 0); Aim 2) co-design a prototype IT intervention to support caregiver-assisted medication management collaboratively with ADRD caregivers (Stage IA); and Aim 3) feasibility test the prototype IT intervention with ADRD caregivers (Stage IB).DiscussionOur user-centered design protocol provides a template for integrating the three phases of user-centered design to address the first two stages of the NIH Stage Model that can be used broadly by researchers who are developing IT interventions for ADRD caregivers.     

丁元庆对水肿治则治法的认识

针对《中医内科学》教材中水肿的治疗原则,丁元庆教授提出不同认识。通过对治则、治法基本概念的深刻理解,认为发汗、利尿、泻下逐水属于治法的范畴,不适合作为水肿病的治则。结合《黄帝内经》对水肿的认识,丁元庆教授认为,水肿的病机有邪阻致肿与正虚致肿两端,故治应分虚实,在此基础上提出水肿治则可概括为祛邪补虚,宣通阳气,恢复脏腑气化,通利水道,其中尤应重视宣发通畅阳气,以升发、鼓舞津液,使水肿尽消。     

Investigating Social Networking applications on smartphones detecting Facebook,Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+ artefacts on Android and iOS platforms

The rapid growth in usage and application of Social Networking (SN) platforms make them a potential target by cyber criminals to conduct malicious activities such as identity theft, piracy, illegal trading, sexual harassment, cyber stalking and cyber terrorism. Many SN platforms are extending their services to mobile platforms, making them an important source of evidence in cyber investigation cases. Therefore, understanding the types of potential evidence of users’ SN activities available on mobile devices is crucial to forensic investigation and research. In this paper, we examine four popular SN applications: Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+, on Android and iOS platforms, to detect remnants of users’ activities that are of forensic interest. We detect a variety of artefacts (e.g. usernames, passwords, login information, personal information, uploaded posts, exchanged messages and uploaded comments from SN applications) that could facilitate a criminal investigation.     

The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by T cells and macrophages in gastric mucosa

Numerousstudieshaverecentlyfoundthatmacrophagemigrationinhibitoryfactor(MIF)playsapivotalroleininflammatoryandimmune mediated diseasessuchasendotoxemia,septicshock,delayed type hypersensitivityreactions,chroniccrescentic glomerulonephritis,andrheumatoidarthritis.112However,itsmolecularfunctionandrolein gastrointestinaldiseaseshasnotbeenfullystudiedand thuswarrantsacomprehensiveinvestigation.Helicobacterpylorus(H.pylori)isbelievedtoplayan importantroleinthedevelopmentofgastricinflammationandul…     

A Clinical Support App for routine wound management: reducing practice variation,improving clinician confidence and increasing formulary compliance

Wounds continue to be of a global concern. Therefore, a more focussed, evidence‐based approach to wound assessment and management is required. The WOUND COMPASS™ Clinical Support App (CSA) is designed to support the health care professional with wound assessment and management at the point of care. This real‐world pilot study aimed to determine the utility of the CSA during routine wound management, in multiple care settings. A non‐interventional, real‐world pilot programme of the CSA was conducted at four sites. Patients received routine wound management. The CSA was programmed to replicate the site''s formulary for evidence‐based wound management. Anonymised pre‐ and post‐pilot clinician opinion surveys on useability and impact of the CSA were collected and reported. Wound Specialists (n = 7 [100%]) and Non‐Wound Specialists (NWS) (n = 58 [82%]) indicated that competence and confidence in wound assessment were enhanced with use of the CSA (100%; 82%). Furthermore, practice variation was reduced because of a greater compliance to their local formulary (n = 7 [100%]; 79% [54%]). This real‐world pilot shows the positive impact of the CSA, and the improvements that can be potentially realised via reduction in practice variation, improvement in NWSs confidence when managing wounds and increased formulary compliance.