硫氢化钠对高浓度葡萄糖环境下原代人脐静脉内皮细胞的影响

目的 观察硫氢化钠(NaHS,外源性的H2S供体)对高浓度葡萄糖环境下原代人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的作用。方法 以0.125%胰酶和0.01%EDTA灌注法获得HUVECs,分别用5.5mmol/L葡萄糖、25mmol/L葡萄糖、25mmol/L葡萄糖+50μmol/L NaHS及50μmol/L NaHS处理72h,采用MTT法检测各组细胞的存活率,Western blot法检测H2S生成酶胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(cystathionine-γ-Iyase,CSE)的变化。结果 MTT检测表明,25mmol/L葡萄糖组的HUVECs存活率比5.5mmol/L葡萄糖组下降28.37%(P<0.05),而50μmol/L NaHS和25mmol/L葡萄糖共同处理组的细胞存活率比25mmol/L葡萄糖组上升30.3%(P<0.05),50μmol/L NaHS组与5.5mmol/L葡萄糖组无明显差异(P>0.05)。与5.5mmol/L葡萄糖组相比,以25mmol/L葡萄糖处理72h后能使CSE蛋白的表达下降(P<0.05),而25mmol/L葡萄糖+50μmol/L NaHS 则能改善这种损害作用(P<0.05),CSE蛋白的表达比25mmol/L葡萄糖组增强。结论 高浓度葡萄糖降低人原代脐静脉内皮细胞的生长和存活率,减少CSE蛋白的表达,而NaHS能够减轻高浓度葡萄糖对CSE的作用。     

Prognostic impact of B-vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

One-carbon metabolism (OCM) plays a pivotal role in both the stability and integrity of DNA and is mainly regulated by B-vitamins. This study aims to investigate the clinical relevance of B-vitamins and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on OCM-related genes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A total of 322 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who received rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone-based immunochemotherapy were recruited into this study. The serum levels of B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B2 [riboflavin], vitamin B6 [pyridoxal 5′-phosphate], and vitamin B12 [cobalamin]), as well as SNPs on methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase (MTR), MTR reductase (MTRR) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) genes, were assessed at diagnosis. The prognostic values were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression methods. Overall, the low serum concentration of folate and vitamin B2, as well as the presence of CTH1364 TT genotype, were significantly associated with poor treatment response in DLBCL. Multivariate analysis indicated that compared with patients in the medium and high serum folate tertiles, low serum folate tertile patients had both significantly inferior progression-free survival (P = .033, Tertile 2 vs Tertile 1, and P = .031, Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1) and overall survival time (P < .001, Tertile 2 vs Tertile 1, and P = .001, Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1). Compared with patients in the medium and high serum vitamin B2 tertiles, low serum vitamin B2 tertile patients had both significantly inferior progression-free survival (P = .006, Tertile 2 vs Tertile 1, and P = .001, Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1) and overall survival time (P = .030, Tertile 2 vs Tertile 1, and P = .255, Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1). In conclusion, alterations in B-vitamin metabolism significantly affected disease progression and had a prognostic impact on DLBCL.     

Relationship between polymorphism of cystathionine beta synthase gene and congenital heart disease in Chinese nuclear families

Objective To study the relationship between polymorphism of cystathionine beta synthase （CBS） gene and development of congenital heart disease （CHD）. Methods One hundred and twenty-seven CHD case-parent triads were recruited from Liaoning Province as patient group, and 129 healthy subjects without family history of birth defect were simultaneously recruited as control group together with their biological parents. For all subjects the polymorphism of CBS gene G919A locus was examined by PCR-ARMS method, Results The frequencies of three genotypes （w/w, w/m, and m/m） in control group were 27.2%, 58,4%, and 14.4%, respectively, with no significant difference in gender. A significant difference in the allele frequency was found between CHD patients and controls, the wild allele frequency was 67,9% in patients and 55.7% in controls CHD parents＇ genotype distribution was significantly different from that in controls. Further comparison of each type of CHD showed that genotype frequencies in several CHD subtypes were significantly different from those in their corresponding controls. The results of TDT analysis showed that no allele transmission disequilibrium existed in CHD nuclear families. Conclusions CBS gene G919A mutation is associated with the development of CHD, and the mutated allele may decrease the risk of CHD.     

Korean red ginseng ameliorated experimental pancreatitis through the inhibition of hydrogen sulfide in mice

AimEffective therapy to treat acute pancreatitis (AP) or to prevent its recurrence/complication is still not available. Based on previous results that suggest that: i) hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) levels were significantly increased in pancreatitis and gastritis and ii) Korean red ginseng (KRG) efficiently attenuated Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis through the suppressive actions of H₂S, we hypothesized that KRG can ameliorate experimental pancreatitis through suppression of H₂S generation.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were pre-administered KRG and then subjected to cerulein injection or pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) to induce pancreatitis. Blood and pancreas tissues were collected and processed to measure serum levels of amylase, lipase and myeloperoxidase and the concentration of H₂S and the levels of various inflammatory cytokine in pancreatic tissues of mice with induced AP.ResultsKRG significantly inhibited NaHS-induced COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA in pancreatic cells, but dl-propargylglycine did not. KRG ameliorated cerulein-induced edematous pancreatitis accompanied with significant inactivation of NF-κB and JNK in pancreatic tissues of C57BL/6 mice (p < 0.001) and also significantly ameliorated PDL-induced necrotizing pancreatitis (p<0.01); in both conditions, the significant suppression of H₂S resulting from KRG pretreatment afforded rescuing outcomes. Along with suppressed levels of H₂S consequent to depressed expressions of CBS and CSE mRNA, KRG administration efficiently decreased the serum level of amylase, lipase, and myeloperoxidase and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in animal models of mild or severe AP.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence for the preventive and therapeutic roles of KRG against AP mediated by H₂S suppression.     

内源性硫化氢及其合成酶在膀胱癌恶性进展中的表达

目的探讨内源性硫化氢(H2S)及其合成酶胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS)、胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)和3-巯基丙酮酸硫转移酶(MPST)在正常膀胱组织以及膀胱癌中的表达。方法选取因膀胱癌而行膀胱肿瘤电切术或膀胱癌根治术的肿瘤组织标本76例,同时收集15例正常膀胱组织作对照组。通过免疫组化和Western blot研究CBS、CSE和MPST在正常膀胱组织以及不同病理分期/分级膀胱癌组织中的表达情况;通过敏感硫电极法检测H2S在正常膀胱组织和膀胱癌中的含量。分别比较H2S及其合成酶在各组之间的差异,初步探讨H2S及其合成酶与膀胱癌恶性进展之间的关系。结果免疫组化结果显示CBS(79.1%)、CSE(81.3%)和MPST(84.6%)在膀胱癌黏膜和肌层组织中均有表达。CBS(P=0.021和P<0.001)和MPST(P=0.015和P=0.045)的表达在膀胱癌不同分期和分级之间有统计学差异。在所有检测的标本中,肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的H2S含量最高[(52.6±2.91)nmol·mg-1·min-1],各组之间有统计学差异。结论内源性H2S及其合成酶CBS、CSE和MPST在膀胱癌组织中的表达明显高于正常膀胱组织,且其表达在膀胱癌不同分期和分级之间有统计学差异。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因突变及胱硫醚β-合成酶基因突变与脑梗死的关系

目的：探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因突变及胱硫醚β－合成酶（CBS）基因突变与脑梗死的关系。方法：分别用聚合酶链反应（PCR）及聚合酶链反应－限制性片段多态性（PCR－RFLP）技术，检测69例脑梗死及67例正常对照的CBS 844ins68突变频率及MTHFR C 677T突变频率。结果：MTHFR C667T及CBS 844ins 68的各种基因型频率在脑梗死组和正常对照组之间无显性差异（P＞0．05），结论：在本研究人群中，MTHFR C 677T及CBS 844ins 68基因突变可能不是脑梗死的独立危险因素。     

高肺血流量对肺血管结构及胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶基因表达的影响

目的：探讨高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管结构和内源性硫化氢体系的变化。方法：SD大鼠共16只，随机分为分流组及对照组。对分流组大鼠行腹主动脉—下腔静脉分流术。11周后以右心导管法测定肺动脉平均压(pulmonary artery mean pressure，mPAP)。检测右心室／体重(right ventricle／body weight，RV／BW)和右心室／左心室 室间隔(right ventricle／left ventricle plus septum，RV／LV S)比值。并且以光学显微镜和电子显微镜观测肺血管结构的变化。以分光光度法测定血浆硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide，H2S)含量。化学法测定肺组织硫化氢产出率，以原位杂交的方法检测肺动脉胱硫醚—γ—裂解酶(cystuthionine—γ—lyase，CSE)mRNA表达。结果：分流组大鼠mPAP、RV／BW及RV／(LV S)比值明显高于对照组，光镜下肺小血管肌化程度明显增强，肺中、小肌型动脉相对中膜厚度明显增加。电镜下，肺中、小肌型动脉内皮细胞增生、肥厚、肿胀，平滑肌细胞增生、肥厚，并由收缩表型向合成表型转化。分流组大鼠的血浆H2S含量及肺组织CSE活性(肺组织H2S产出率)明显低于对照组，肺动脉mRNA表达明显降低。结论：肺血管结构重建是高肺血流量所致肺动脉高压的重要病理基础，内源性H2S体系——mRNA表达、CSE活性及血浆H2S含量下降可能在其形成中起重要的作用。     

Gas biology: Tiny molecules controlling metabolic systems

It has been recognized that gaseous molecules and their signaling cascades play a vital role in alterations of metabolic systems in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Contrary to this awareness, detailed mechanisms whereby gases exert their actions, in particular in vivo, have been unclear because of several reasons. Gaseous signaling involves diverse reactions with metal centers of metalloproteins and thiol modification of cysteine residues of proteins. Both the multiplicity of gas targets and the technical limitations in accessing local gas concentrations make dissection of exact actions of any gas mediator a challenge. However, a series of advanced technologies now offer ways to explore gas-responsive regulatory processes in vivo. Imaging mass spectrometry combined with quantitative metabolomics by capillary-electrophoresis/mass spectrometry reveals spatio-temporal profiles of many metabolites. Comparing the metabolic footprinting of murine samples with a targeted deletion of a specific gas-producing enzyme makes it possible to determine sites of actions of the gas. In this review, we intend to elaborate on the ideas how small gaseous molecules interact with metabolic systems to control organ functions such as cerebral vascular tone and energy metabolism in vivo.