娱乐场所女性性服务者安全套使用现状调查

目的 了解湖北省娱乐场所女性性服务者艾滋病及安全套使用的相关知识、态度和行为状况，为制定和实施针对性干预策略以及100％安全套使用项目干预效果的评估提供依据。方法 对湖北省48个项目地区的娱乐场所女性性服务者共6052人采用一对一现场问卷调查。获得有效问卷5963份，有效率为98．5％。结果 娱乐场所女性性服务者对艾滋病基本知识缺乏全面的了解。能正确回答所有问题的人数仅有33．7％；受多种因素影响。商业性行为中安全套使用率较低。最近一次性服务时安全套使用率占68．5％，而过去1个月提供性服务仅32．3％坚持使用安全套，与嫖客和固定性伴发生性关系时安全套使用率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；性服务者获得安全套的途径各不相同。结论 应制定针对性策略并采取相应措施，提高娱乐场所女性服务者艾滋病相关知识水平及安全套使用率。     

女性性服务者性病、艾滋病认知状况调查

目的了解娱乐场所女性性服务者性病/艾滋病（STD/AIDS）知识知晓情况、相关态度及行为状况,为有针对性地开展行为干预并评价实施效果提供依据。方法对南京市某区娱乐场所的女性性服务者进行一对一问卷调查。结果共调查76家娱乐场所209名女性性服务者,女性性病症状总知晓率为32.7%,艾滋病相关知识总知晓率为81.0%,不同文化程度对STD/AIDS知识正确知晓率有差异;最近一周平均每天接待1～3个客人的占81.9%;与固定性伴和与客人最近一次性行为中,安全套使用率分别为40.1%和85.6%;3个月内更换场所和更换城市的女性性服务者分别占53.4%和24.3%;有性病症状时,57.4%女性性服务者选择正规综合性医院性病门诊就医。结论娱乐场所性服务者的STD/AIDS相关知识仍偏低;女性性服务者高危性行为发生频繁且流动性强;娱乐场所行为干预应通过外展服务和同伴教育等方式有针对性开展,鼓励正确并坚持使用安全套预防STD/AIDS的传播。     

The Prüm Decisions as an Aspirational regime: Reviewing a Decade of Cross-Border Exchange and Comparison of Forensic DNA Data

The automatic exchange and comparison of DNA data between national databases to combat terrorism and cross-border crime in the EU area has been facilitated by the 2008 Prüm Decisions. While it was anticipated that all EU Member States would have fulfilled the requirements by August 2011, this has not yet occurred. Once each Member State has implemented the Prüm Decisions, which is expected to occur by spring or summer 2019, the EU Commission is planning on submitting a legislative proposal to amend the Prüm Decisions, possibly broadening its scope both in terms of types of data exchanged and the number of countries involved. Therefore, it is a timely place to review the available literature on the existing data on the cross-border exchange and comparison of DNA. However, due to the limited amount of available data regarding the Prüm regime’s contribution to combating crime and terrorism, this article reviews national DNA databases’ contribution to national criminal justice systems before it turns to the Prüm regime. Outlining how Prüm represents an “aspirational regime” focused on a secure and safe future, we draft recommendations directed towards rendering cross-border exchange of DNA data more transparent and accountable.     

Legal aspects of cross-border teleradiology

The growth of cross-border teleradiology has created legal challenges that are insufficiently addressed by nation health laws. New legislation is currently under development at the European level. This article will look at the details of the existing and proposed legislation and the still unsettled issues and will discuss the implications for international teleradiology.     

The role of the 2011 patients' rights in cross-border health care directive in shaping seven national health systems: Looking beyond patient mobility

Reports on the implementation of the Directive on the application of Patients' Rights in Cross-border Healthcare indicate that it had little impact on the numbers of patients seeking care abroad. We set out to explore the effects of this directive on health systems in seven EU Member States. Key informants in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Malta, Poland and The Netherlands filled out a structured questionnaire. Findings indicate that the impact of the directive varied between countries and was smaller in countries where a large degree of adaptation had already taken place in response to the European Court of Justice Rulings. The main reforms reported include a heightened emphasis on patient rights and the adoption of explicit benefits packages and tariffs. Countries may be facing increased pressure to treat patients within a medically justifiable time limit. The implementation of professional liability insurance, in countries where this did not previously exist, may also bring benefits for patients. Lowering of reimbursement tariffs to dissuade patients from seeking treatment abroad has been reported in Poland. The issue of discrimination against non-contracted domestic private providers in Estonia, Finland, Malta and The Netherlands remains largely unresolved. We conclude that evidence showing that patients using domestic health systems have actually benefitted from the directive remains scarce and further monitoring over a longer period of time is recommended.     

Traveling for care: Inter-regional mobility for aortic valve substitution in Italy

Patient flows across the regions of the Italian National Health Service can shed light on patient mobility, including cross-border flows within the European Union. We used 2009 data on 11,531 NHS admissions for aortic valve replacement operations to measure the extent of inter-regional patient mobility and to determine whether resident and non-resident patients differ. We also investigated whether public and private hospitals behave differently in terms of attracting patients. For this major cardio-surgical intervention, patient mobility in Italy is substantial (13.6% of total admissions). Such mobility mainly involves patients moving from southern to northern regions, which often requires several hundred kilometers of travel and a transfer of financial resources from poorer to richer regions. Patients admitted in the regions where they reside are older than those admitted outside their regions (69.2 versus 65.6, p < 0.0001), and stay in hospital approximately 0.7 days longer (14.7 versus 14.0, p = 0.017). Compared to public hospitals, private hospitals are more likely to admit non-resident patients (OR between 2.1 and 4.4). The extent and direction of patients’ mobility raise equity concerns, as receiving care in locations that are distant from home requires substantial financial and relational resources.     

Psychological factors associated with protected sex among indirect female sex workers in Denpasar,Bali, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

A cross-sectional study was conducted among indirect FSWs (a type of FSWs who provide sex services under the cover of entertainment or recreational enterprises) in Denpasar, Bali from August to October 2017 to investigate factors associated with protected sex with clients using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework. The protected sex as a dependent variable was identified through self-reported consistency in using condoms with clients in the last month. Independent variables consisted of six HBM constructs and three main groups of modifying factors (personal, sex work, and interventional factors). Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the determinants. The prevalence of protected sex with clients in last month was 50.17% (95%CI?=?41.50–80.83). Indirect FSWs were more likely to use condoms consistently if they completed senior high school or higher. Meanwhile, those working in a karaoke lounge, bar, or café were less likely to have protected sex than those in a massage parlour, spa, or beauty salon. Based on HBM, an increase of one-score of these following constructs increased likelihood of protected sex: perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Low protected sex among indirect FSWs indicates the need for public health interventions at individual, interpersonal, and institutional level.     

我国科技期刊跨界融合现状及构建设想

【目的】 调研我国传统媒体跨界融合特征,探析我国科技期刊跨界融合的发展方向。【方法】 通过文献调研跨界融合的概念及研究现状,结合案例分析传统媒体跨界融合特点。【结果】 科技期刊要坚持从平台、内容、传播3个方面进行跨界发展,围绕用户需求提供优质内容与跨界服务,增强科技期刊的引领作用。【结论】 科技期刊可通过增强出版跨界关联更多的知识点及服务;也可以在平台上提供更多围绕科研过程的知识服务;还可以拓宽服务对象及范围,通过跨界教育、跨界科普等扩大社会影响,惠及大众,从而实现科技强国。     

德宏傣族景颇族自治州跨境婚姻家庭HIV感染率及影响因素分析

目的 了解德宏傣族景颇族自治州（德宏州）跨境婚姻家庭HIV感染现状及影响因素。方法 2017年5月至2018年6月,以17 594户登记在册的跨境婚姻家庭为研究对象,开展全员筛查为目标的横断面调查,以问卷形式收集调查对象的信息,并同时进行HIV抗体检测。结果 有32 400名研究对象完成HIV抗体检测, HIV感染率为2.27%（736/32 400）,中国籍和缅甸籍的HIV感染率分别为2.44%（375/15 372）和2.12%（361/17 028）。夫妻双方HIV检测结果均已知的13 853户跨境婚姻家庭中,双阴性、双阳性和单阳性家庭数分别为13 415（96.84%）、142（1.03%）和296户（2.13%）,单阳性家庭分为仅丈夫阳性家庭167户（1.20%）和仅妻子阳性家庭129户（0.93%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,跨境婚姻家庭中,丈夫感染HIV的主要危险因素为吸毒史和高危性行为史,而妻子感染HIV的主要危险因素为高危性行为史。结论 德宏州跨境婚姻家庭的HIV感染率较高,需加强HIV检测、预防和行为干预工作。     

2010--2012年攀枝花市暗娼艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的分析攀枝花市2010—2012年暗娼的艾滋病（AIDS）相关行为变化,以及艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染流行趋势,为评价暗娼艾滋病综合干预效果及调整干预措施提供依据。方法采用重复横断面调查的方法,于每年的4—6月,对艾滋病监测哨点的从事商业性性交易的女性进行问卷调查并采血检测。结果2010—2012年共调查暗娼2400人,其AIDS知识知晓率分别为90．9％、93．9％和98．0％,差异有统计学意义（χ2=37．78,P〈0．001）。最近一次与客人发生性行为时使用安全套率分别为64．3％、89．9％和93．9％,最近一个月与客人发生性行为时每次使用安全套率分别为43．3％、61．8％和69．0％,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=286．97,P〈0．001;χ2=155．15,P〈0．001）。HIV抗体检测阳性率分别为1．3％、0．8％和0．6％,差异无统计学意义（χ2=2．02,P=0．365）。结论攀枝花市暗娼艾滋病综合干预工作效果明显;今后应借鉴新的方法,以促进咨询检测、促进安全套使用为重点内容,对重点暗娼人群实施持续的、高覆盖的综合干预。