缪刺考

At present, most physicians hold that Miu Ci is "left and right cross collateral prick-ing",but it does not conform to the original meaning of "Suwen·Miucilunpian"(Plain Questions ·Trea-tise on Miu Ci). Miucilanpian holds that Miu Ci is the extension and perfection of Ju Ci (contralateral me-ridian needling), which mainly pricks the collateral but is not limited to the collateral, as it also pricks the acupuncture point. As for the "left and right cross" point selection, it is one step in the procedure of the treatment in the process of contralateral collateral needling instead of being a principle.     

高浓缩钚材料贯穿辐射场计算方法研究

目的 为满足高浓缩钚材料操作人员辐射安全评价和核安全审评的要求,需要对高浓缩钚材料周围形成的贯穿辐射场进行计算分析,解决高浓缩钚材料发射的γ射线和中子射线贯穿机理和强度的计算问题。方法 本文在对高浓缩钚材料的组成及所含放射性核素的辐射特性进行深入分析的基础上,基于γ射线宽束减弱规律和中子分出截面理论,研究提出了适用于高浓缩钚材料γ剂量率和中子剂量率计算模式。结果 贴近高浓缩钚材料表面γ剂量率和中子通量理论计算值与实际测量值同一量级,表明计算模型是正确的。距离钚材料表面0、30、100 cm处γ剂量率实际测量值均大于计算值,并且距离越远相对误差越大;中子模拟计算值与实际测量值相对误差随距离的增加而减小。结论 通过原理分析和实测验证,证明本文提出的高浓缩钚材料辐射场计算方法是合理可行的,能够满足科学性和准确性要求。     

武警官兵吸烟危害认知状况调查

目的了解武警基层部队官兵吸烟相关认知状况,为实施健康教育和戒烟干预提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取武警某部786名官兵进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的总吸烟率为50.9%,士官的吸烟率最高,为62.0%,干部的吸烟率最低,为39.1%。吸烟者初学吸烟的平均年龄为16.24±2.55岁,其中74.5%的人在入伍前已学会吸烟,13.0%的吸烟者在入伍后第一年初学吸烟。结论武警官兵的吸烟率较高,初学吸烟年龄偏低,应加强入伍前和入伍第一年的控烟工作。     

高血压患病及相关因素的现况研究

目的了解浙江省杭州、绍兴和嘉兴市的高血压分布特征及危险因素,为浙江省高血压的预防控制工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取2011年3市≥35岁常住人口3200人,进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测,并运用SAS 9.0统计软件进行分析。结果调查人群高血压粗患病率26.12%,标化患病率为22.87%。男性30.79%高于女性21.13%,农村30.28%高于城镇16.28%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄、文化程度低、高血压家族史、BMI以及高血糖为高血压主要危险因素,OR值分别为1.19、1.54、1.13、1.43和1.44。结论杭州、绍兴和嘉兴市人群高血压患病率较高,需开展以控制高血压危险因素为主的综合防治措施。     

广州市南沙区居民盐膳食知信行调查

目的了解广州市南沙区居民盐使用的知信行基线现状,为制订切合实际的限盐干预策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,2012年4月～2012年6月抽取广州市南沙区中学、小学和幼儿园共7所学校,以家庭为调查单位,每户调查1人。本研究共发放调查表1 050份,收回1 000份,获有效调查表968份,有效率为92.2%。结果居民盐膳食知信行水平总得分最高为12分,有554人(61.3%)总分达到8分及以上。92.5%的居民认为饭菜过咸(吃盐过多)与健康有关;仅有29.7%的居民知道世界卫生组织推荐每人每天食盐量;女性、年龄较大、文化程度较高和家庭人均月收入高的知信行水平比男性、较年轻、文化程度低和家庭人均月收入低者高(P<0.05),国家机关、党群组织、企业、事业单位负责人、离退休人员的盐膳食知信行水平高于农林牧渔水利业生产人员、学生(P<0.05)。结论居民盐膳食知信行水平不平衡,应加强相关知识的宣传教育,并针对不同年龄、职业和文化程度等因素制订不同的策略和干预对策。     

体检人群鸡蛋不耐受与体重指数关系的横断面研究

目的 探索体检人群鸡蛋不耐受与体重指数(BMI)的关系,为鸡蛋不耐受提供病因学线索.方法 采用横断面研究设计,选取2008年8月至2009年7月于解放军总医院健康医学中心查体进行食物不耐受项目检测的12 766名健康体检者进行调查,应用logistic回归模型进行鸡蛋不耐受的多因素回归分析.结果 12 766名体检人群鸡蛋不耐受的体检阳性率为28.5％,且不耐受分级与性别相关(P＜0.05),女性(36.5％)显著高于男性(24.9％).logistic分析显示,鸡蛋不耐受与性别和BMI显著相关,与男性比较,女性的OR值为1.732(1.590～1.887);与正常体重者比较,体重过轻者的OR值为1.443(1.018～ 2.045).结论 鸡蛋不耐受可能与性别和BMI相关.     

Oral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine induces cross-protective immunity

Oral vaccination would provide an easy and safe measure to prevent infectious diseases by facilitating mass immunization. We investigated the feasibility of oral vaccination with inactivated whole influenza virus (A/PR8/34). Oral vaccination of mice induced high levels of serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific to the homologous virus (A/PR8) as well as cross reactive to heterologous (A/California/04/09) and heterosubtypic viruses (A/Philippines/2/82). IgG1 isotype antibodies were found to be induced at significantly higher levels than IgG2a antibodies. These antibodies induced by oral vaccination exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activities. High levels of both IgG and IgA antibodies were induced in vagina and lungs. Mucosal IgA antibodies were also elicited in other sites including saliva, urine, and fecal samples. Orally vaccinated mice were completely protected against challenge with homologous or heterologous viruses, and partially protected against heterosubtypic virus. Importantly, high recall antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses were induced in spleen, indicating the generation of memory B cells by oral vaccination. The present study therefore presents new findings of cross-reactive antibodies at systemic and diverse mucosal sites, recall antibody responses, and cross-protective efficacies by oral vaccination, thus supporting a proof-of-concept that oral delivery of vaccines can be developed as an effective vaccination route.     

透析器半自动手工复用与全自动复用的安全比较

目的:确保透析器复用后的安全性和有效性。方法:对半自动手工复用和全自动复用机复用的操作流程进行对比,对其工作原理、操作方法、步骤进行比较,分析半自动手工复用与全自动复用机各自复用的优缺点,以及可能存在的风险。结果:全自动复用机复用存在交叉感染的可能,半自动手工复用效率低、劳动强度大、用水量大。结论:复用机在设计上可进行针对性的改进,透析器复用时应预防交叉感染。     

通过互联网络对青少年吸烟观念和行为的跨文化比较研究

目的：探讨互联网络在跨化研究方面的可行性，比较中澳两国青少年女生的吸烟观念和行为。方法：中澳双方各8名12—13岁的女生参加面对面的重点人群讨论及网上虚拟重点人群讨论。结果：参加研究的两国学生对网上交流方式非常感兴趣，效果很好。双方学生都具有一定吸烟与健康的知识，有的澳方学生曾尝试过吸烟，但中国学生表示没有吸过烟；追求“酷”的感觉是青少年吸烟的重要影响因素。结论：用定性研究方法，通过网络进行跨化的比较研究是可行的，但具体操作对应注意一些问题。中澳两国学生关于吸烟的知识、观念差异不大，但行为方面略有不同。     

Healthcare-associated infections: challenges to public health in Brazil

This study presents a critical evaluation of the scientific literature related to this subject, aiming to assess the policies and administrative issues regarding the prevention and magnitude of healthcare-associated infections and discuss the challenges for their prevention in Brazil. The topics discussed included historical and administrative issues, challenges imposed by the characteristics of the healthcare system and the territorial dimension, laboratorial support limitations, costs, institutional culture, professional qualification, and patient engagement. It is urgent to hold a nationwide discussion among government representatives, institutions, and healthcare workers and users to overcome these challenges.