非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在高危冠心病中的应用

目的 探讨用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的方法，以避免体外循环对冠心病高危因素患者产生的不良影响。方法 对100例冠心病患者行OPCAB，其中69例伴有冠心外科手术的高危因素。血管病变主要涉及左、右冠状动脉各分支。结果 手术死亡1例(1.4％)，手术转换2例(2．9％)，移植血管失功1例(1.4％)，术后非致命性心肌梗死4例(5．8％)，肾功能衰竭1例(1．4％)，胸骨感染1例(1．4％)，24小时内拔除气管内插管68例(98.6％)，接受输血17例(25．O％)。术后随访56例，随访时间1—13个月，死亡2例，心绞痛复发4例，充血性心力衰竭2例。术后无脑血管意外、再次手术止血、室性心律失常、下胶切口感染和呼吸衰竭等并发症发生。随访病例中14例做冠状动脉血管造影术，仅1例移植血管狭窄大于50％。所有乳内动脉血管桥均通畅。结论 对某些具有冠心外科手术高危因素的患者，采用OPCAB可降低并发症发生率和手术死亡率。然而，这种技术较适用于冠状动脉解剖条件较好的病例。远期结果需要长期随访进一步加以证实。     

306例冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的　总结冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的体会。　方法　回顾性分析 3 0 6例冠状动脉旁路移植术。男 2 49例 ,女 5 7例。应用体外循环 2 3 4例 ,非体外循环 72例。搭桥数 1～ 6支 人 ,平均 (3 .45± 1.2 5 )支 人。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果　二次开胸 5例 (1.6% ) ,低心排综合征 10例 (3 .3 % ) ,应用IABP4例 (1.3 % ) ,肝功能不全 6例 (2 .0 % )。肾功能不全 7例 (2 .3 % ) ,反复发作房颤 2 3例 (7.5 % ) ,肺功能不全 6例(2 .0 % ) ,脑合并症 3例 (1.0 % ) ,胸腔积液 41例 (13 .4% )。死亡 7例 (2 .3 % ) ,其余病人康复出院。结论　合理的选择病人 ,成熟的手术技术 ,良好的心肌保护及术后处理的加强是提高冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化检测及意义

目的　探讨冠心病患者与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的发生关系。方法　主要应用彩色多普勒超声技术检测 10 2例冠心病患者的颈动脉 ,对其中 34例进行冠状动脉造影检查。结果　为各组冠心病患者颈动脉管壁内 -中膜厚度 ,斑块指数均显著增高 ,其中心肌梗死患者伴有明显的血流参数异常 ,34例患者冠状动脉造影与颈动脉超声检查符合率为 75 % ,而且冠状动脉病变越重 ,颈动脉硬化发生率越高。结论　颈动脉粥样硬化程度可间接反映冠状动脉病变程度。     

多层螺旋CT冠脉成像的临床应用

目的旨在评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在冠状动脉疾病诊断中的作用。方法57例患者,按心率≤60次/min、60～70次/min、>71次/min分成3组,行冠脉MSCT造影(MSCTA),将数据在回顾性心电门控下行最大密度投影(MIP)、容积重建(VR)和多平面重建(MPR),观察其对冠状动脉的显示,其中11例与选择性冠状动脉造影(SCA)对照。结果心率≤70次/min患者CT图像质量明显优于心率>70次/min组(P<0.001)。11例与相应的SCA比较,MSCTA诊断50%以上狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值和准确度分别为88.9%、71.4%、86.7%和83.3%。结论MSCT能显示冠状动脉钙化和狭窄、进行冠脉支架术后评价。     

The effect of calcium dobesilate on venous function following saphenectomy in coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic use of calcium dobesilate (CD) can improve venous function after saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients who underwent elective CABG were divided into four equal groups. In Group A, the greater saphenous vein (GSV) was harvested below the knee and, in Group B, through the knee till the groin. These patients remained untreated. Group C received CD in a dosage of 1500 mg po daily after the GSV was harvested below the knee. Group D received same dosage of CD after the GSV was harvested through the knee till the groin. Venous function of ipsilateral leg was evaluated clinically and by Doppler ultrasonography in the postoperative first week and second month. RESULTS: Clinical findings of venous insufficiency were observed with a similar rate between groups at both early and late periods. In Groups A and B, after 2 months, flow velocities decreased and reflux periods increased significantly. In groups C and D, treatment with CD for 2 months after saphenectomy resulted in a significant increase in flow velocities and a significant decrease in reflux periods. Patients in Groups B and D have significantly more impaired venous functions. CONCLUSION: Saphenectomy results in ipsilateral leg venous dysfunction, which seems to be unrelated to leg swelling and to be more prominent in patients with high-level saphenectomy. In addition, to be careful about the restriction of the saphenectomy procedure into the most appropriate level, prophylactic use of CD can prevent this deterioration when it was added to varice socks.     

红花注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛、心肌缺血临床观察

目的:观察红花注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛、心肌缺血的临床疗效。方法:选择126例冠心病心绞痛、心肌缺血的病例,分红花组及丹参组,疗程两周,详细记录治疗前后的临床表现、心电图、血糖、血脂、血液流变学检查的变化。结果:红花、丹参均可明显改善冠心病心肌缺血相应的临床症状和心电图改变,以红花较显著。红花还有降血糖、血脂作用,显著改善血液流变指标。结论:红花注射液是治疗冠心病心绞痛、心肌缺血的理想药物。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像初步探讨

目的探讨心率与多层螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉（简称冠脉）成像运动伪影的关系，及MSCT冠脉成像的临床应用价值。方法对200例临床拟诊冠心病的患者行MSCT冠脉成像检查，分析扫描时心率与冠脉运动伪影的关系；其中37例同时行常规冠脉造影（简称冠造）检查，对比分析2种检查结果。结果扫描时心率≤55次／min、56～60次／min、61～65次／min、66～70次／min和〉70次／min组有运动伪影的冠脉节段分别占冠脉总数的0．1％（1／759）、1．1％（7／649）、2．5％（10／407）、42．6％（103／242）和75．5％（108／143）；以常规冠造作为金标准，MSCT诊断狭窄≥50％的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为79．2％、96．0％、83．8％、94．6％。扫描时心率与冠脉运动伪影的数量显著相关（r=0．655，P=0．000）。结论MSCT能较准确诊断冠脉50％以上的狭窄，是无创性诊断冠脉狭窄的重要工具。     

以桡动脉为移植体行冠状动脉旁路术的局解手术学研究

本文对104侧上肢桡动脉第一段和63例成人离体心脏之冠状动脉及其主要分支,根据临床应用进行了观测。结果:桡动脉长度为22.10±1.2cm;外径(下同):上端为3.00±0.6mm,下端为2.60±0.6mm。后降支(房室交点下1cm处)为2.41±0.4mm,左右心耳与肺劝脉交角下1cm处的前降支为3.83±0.6mm,右冠状动脉主干为3.79±0.7m。距离:自主动脉前窦上2cm至前降支中点的长度为6.61±0.5cm,经右冠状沟至房室交点的长度为11.80±1.5cm。测量数据提示:以桡动脉为移植体足以吻接任何冠状动脉。本文尚阐述和讨论了该术式的局解手术学基础和操作程序,对冠状动脉旁路术(CABO)中常用的几种移植体之利弊进行了评     

Reinfusion potassium blood cardioplegia versus cold blood reinfusion alone in elective revascularization

The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of potassium to reinfusion cold blood cardioplegia (CBC) offers an advantage over cold blood alone. Forty patients matched for age, left ventricular function, extent of coronary disease and number of vessels bypassed were prospectively randomized. Each patient received an initial dose of CB C (10 cc/kg) with potassium. Group I patients (n=23) received subsequent infusions of CBC (5 cc/kg) containing potassium while Group II patients (n=17) received cold blood only. The cross-clamp time, mean infusate volume and temperature were not significantly different in the two groups. Following reperfusion, the cardiac index and the CPK isoenzyme release at 0.5, 1, 8, and 12 h after cross-clamp release were not significantly different between the groups. The postoperative appearance of new Q-waves, inotropic agent requirement, and reversal of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme ratio were also not significantly different in the two groups. The study demonstrated that following initial arrest with potassium, cold blood is equally as effective as potassium blood cardioplegia in protecting the ischemic myocardium.     

多层螺旋CT与选择性冠状动脉造影对照研究及其临床应用

目的 评价冠状动脉多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)的临床应用价值。方法 25例患者均行冠状动脉MSCTA与选择性冠状动脉造影(SCA)，分析右冠状动脉、左冠状动脉主干、前降支和回旋支的通畅性，狭窄发生的部位和严重程度。将MSCTA与SCA结果对照，初步评价MSCTA的临床应用价值。结果 71支MSCTA显示无狭窄的冠状动脉支中，68支与SCA一致；29支显示狭窄的动脉支中，19支与SCA一致。其阴性预测值和阳性预测值分别为95．8％和65．5％；敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为86．4％、87．2％、87，0％。结论 MSCTA作为微创性检查，是评价冠状动脉病变和变异的重要的筛选手段。