氟尿嘧啶的pH指示剂吸收度比值测定法

本文采用pH指示剂吸收度比值法测定氟尿嘧啶的含量,并就实验条件及影响测定的因素进行了探讨;给出了氟尿嘧啶的工作曲线,并利用此工作曲线在不同温度下进行了回收率试验。本法准确度高、精密度良好、变异系数小,测定样品时不需要标准对照品,具有方法便简的优点。     

Tolerance and evidence of physical dependence to daily codeine injections in the rat

Core temperatures, measured by telemetry, and acquisition of food pellets on a continuous reinforcement schedule were recorded every 30 min in unrestrained male rats given saline for 5 days before and 5 days after 10 daily SC injections of codeine phosphate (200 mg/kg) at 08:00 hr. After the first codeine injection rats were immobile, slightly catatonic, breathed shallowly and had elevated core temperatures, loss of body weight and inhibition of feeding activity. As injections of codeine were repeated, the initial depressant signs decreased and the period of inhibited feeding was replaced by prolonged (greater than 8 hr) post-injection bouts of feeding activity (stimulated feeding) during daylight hours. Core temperatures remained elevated during this phase of drug-induced feeding activity. Mean body weight and 24-hr food intake remained below control levels over the 10-day codeine period as diurnal feeding patterns became reversed. On the first withdrawal day core temperatures declined and feeding patterns changed from those responses on the last codeine day as the rats lost body weight and were hyperirritable. As withdrawal continued core temperature and feeding patterns began to resemble those of the saline control period, body weights increased and hyperirritability subsided. In this study, tolerance and evidence of physical dependence to daily injections of codeine could be demonstrated in rats by continuous monitoring of their diurnal feeding and temperature responses.     

Comparison of tympanic and rectal temperature in febrile patients

Objective. To compare tympanic membrane temperature and rectal temperature in febrile pediatric patients.Methods. Sixty febrile children were enrolled as continuous enrollment at initial triage. Two readings of ear temperature were taken in each child with Thermoscan infrared thermometer. Rectal temperature was recorded by a digital electronic thermometer. Comparison of both the techniques was done and co-relation co-efficients calculated. Parental preference for both techniques was assessed.Results. It was observed that mean ear temperature was 38.9±0.90C and that for rectal temperature was 38.8±0.8°C. The correlation coefficient between the two was 0.994 (p < 0.01). Coefficients for both sites were comparable over a wide age range. The difference between readings taken from two ears was not significant. Temperature ranges over which readings were recorded were quite wide for both techniques. Parental preference for tympanic thermometry over rectal thermometry was noticed. Tympanic thermometry utilizes pyro-electric sensors, to detect infra-red rays emitted from the surface of tympanic membrane. Ear temperatures correlates well with rectal temperatures which have long been considered as “core” temperatures. Parents prefer the technique of ear thermometry which is quick (2 sec), safe and non-invasive and patient resistance for this is also less.Conclusion. A non-invasive, non-mucous device which is accurate over a wide range of temperature could be very useful.     

Does the optimization of cardiac output by fluid loading increase splanchnic blood flow?

We studied the effects of increasing cardiac output by fluidloading on splanchnic blood flow in patients with haemodynamicallystabilized septic shock. Eight patients (five female, 39–86yr) were assessed using a transpulmonary thermo-dye-dilutiontechnique for the measurement of cardiac index (CI) intrathoracicblood volume (ITBV) as a marker of cardiac preload and totalblood volume (TBV). Splanchnic blood flow was measured by thesteady state indocyanine-green technique using a hepatic venouscatheter. Gastric mucosal blood flow was estimated by regionalcarbon dioxide tension (PR_CO2). Hydroxyethyl starch was infusedto increase cardiac output while mean arterial pressure waskept constant. In parallel, mean norepinephrine dosage couldbe reduced from 0.59 to 0.33 µg kg^–1 min^–1.Mean (SD) TBV index increased from 2549 (365) to 3125 (447)ml m^–2, as did ITBV index from 888 (167) to 1075 (266)ml m^–2 and CI from 3.6 (1.0) to 4.6 (1.0) litre min^–1m^–2. Despite marked individual differences, splanchnicblood flow did not change significantly neither absolutely (from1.09 (0.96) to 1.19 (0.91) litre min^–1 m^–2) norfractionally as part of CI (from 28.4 (19.5) to 24.9 (16.3)%).Gastric mucosal PR_CO2 increased from 7.7 (2.6) to 8.3 (3.1)kPa. The PCO₂-gap, the difference between regional and end-tidalPCO₂, increased slightly from 3.2 (2.7) to 3.4 (3.1) kPa. Thus,an increase in cardiac output as a result of fluid loading isnot necessarily associated with an increase in splanchnic bloodflow in patients with stabilized septic shock. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 657–62     

Involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors for citalopram-induced hypothermia in the rat

OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors for citalopram-induced hypothermia in the rat. METHODS: Core temperature measurements were performed in adult male Wistar rats (305-340 g) using a computer-assisted recording instrument. The temperature readings were automated and gave a printout when the core temperature had stabilised at +/- 0.1 degree C for 10 s. RESULTS: Citalopram (6.25-100.0 mumol/kg) produced a dose-dependent hypothermia. The effect was maximal within 60 min after administration, and had waned off at 120 min. The 5-HT1B receptor agonist anpirtoline (0.25-4.0 mumol/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in core temperature. The citalopram-induced hypothermia (25 mumol/kg) was antagonised by pretreatment with either of the 5-HT1A and the 5-HT1B receptor antagonists, WAY-100,635 (0.04 mumol/kg) and NAS-181 (1.0 mumol/kg), respectively, or by the two drugs in combination. Subchronic treatment with the SSRI zimeldine (100 mumol/kg once daily for 2 weeks) resulted in tolerance to the hypothermic effect of citalopram (100 mumol/kg). CONCLUSIONS: The hypothermia produced by acute administration of the SSRI citalopram is mediated via activation of 5-HT1A, as well as 5-HT1B receptors, and this effect is subject to the development of tolerance.     

pH指示剂吸收值比值法测定硫酸阿托品

目的测定硫酸阿托品的含量。方法采用pH指示剂吸收值比值法,在波长374 nm和494 nm处测定吸收度。结果标准曲线方程为R=8.367X-5.4×10-4,r=0.999 6;平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.30%。结论此方法可作为硫酸阿托品的质量控制标准。     

bcl-2表达和淋巴结转移可作为皮肤鳞癌独立预后指标

目的寻找皮肤鳞癌有效的预后指标。方法选取32例皮肤鳞癌患者的病理检验蜡块,记录肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况;运用TUNEL染色和形态学方法结合,统计凋亡指数、bcl-2和p53表达情况, 随访患者1、2、3、5年生存情况,用SPSS11．0统计有效的预后指标。结果肿瘤淋巴转移以及病理分级与 3、5年生存率均相关(P值分别为0．026、0．037),肿瘤大小与其不相关(P>0．05)。p53表达与五年无瘤生存率不相关。结论COX多变量分析显示bcl-2表达和淋巴结转移是独立的预测指标。     

慢性肝炎患者血清中丙型肝炎病毒核心区和包膜1区基因变异研究

目的 探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）核心（C）区和包膜1（E1）区变异与其感染慢性化的关系。方法 10例HCV慢性感染者和2例急性感染者血标本,采用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）扩增HCV的C区羧基端、E1及E2区氨基端片段（1kb),扩增产物进行克隆,以单链构象多态性（SSCP）和异质性双体（HD）分析对每份血清的30个克隆的C／E1区准种（quasispecies)进行筛选,挑选每例标本HCV的优势株与劣势株序列进行测定,并分析推导的氨基酸序列。结果 各例患者血清中HCV的C／E1区扩增片段形成的SSCP条带间差异明显,而HD与同源双体之间差距不明显。HCV急性感染者和慢性感染者血清病毒C区无发生变异,后者E1区氨基酸替换率为1．32％,但功能性氨基酸无改变。结论 HCV的E1区序列变异以准种形式存在,但与免疫逃避可能无关。     

妊娠时间作为妊娠早期生殖损伤筛选指标的探讨

目的 探讨妊娠时间作为妊娠早期生殖损伤观察指标的可行性。方法 以二硫化碳（CS2）作业女工为观察对象,（1）采用回顾性流行百闻不如一见 学研究方法调查已孕女工妊娠所需的月经周期数;（2）应用前瞻性流行病学研究方法。追踪观察待孕女工至临床妊娠时的月经周期数;（3）整理回顾性研究现场空气中CS2监测结果,监测前瞻性研究期间各观察时对象接触左浓度,结果 回顾性研究（127名接触者和108名对照）和前瞻性流行病学研究（257名接触者和366名对照结果均表明,女工接触CS2后各月经周期妊娠率明显低于对照组;且妊娠时间随其接触CS2浓度的增高（r=0.1198,P=0.024),腻主接触时间的增加（r=0.2799,P=0.000)而延长,结论 妊娠时间可作为妊娠早期生死损伤筛选指标之一。     

Differential subcellular localisation of the tumour suppressor protein LIMD1 in breast cancer correlates with patient survival

The tumour suppressor gene (TSG) LIM domain containing protein 1 (LIMD1) has been associated with transformation of epithelial cells of the lung and its expression is downregulated in all lung tumour samples tested compared to normal lung matched controls. In the first study of its kind we used an anti-LIMD1 specific monoclonal antibody to investigate expression/localisation of the LIMD1 protein in a well-characterised tissue microarray of breast cancers and normal adjacent epithelia. Comparison of tumour with adjacent normal and distant normal tissue demonstrated that LIMD1 expression is moderate to high compared to tumour. There was also a significant correlation with histological grade (p = 0.0001), tumour size (p = 0.013) and tumour type (p = 0.004) indicating an association with aggressive disease. Cytoplasmic LIMD1 expression was seen in 99.3% of cases, with 43.1% showing both nuclear and cytoplasmic localisation. Absence/loss of nuclear staining showed a strong correlation with patient survival and was indicative of poor prognosis (p = 0.033). There was no association with lymph node status and other clinicopathological parameters. Nuclear staining was more pronounced in better prognosis tumours and normal tissue. This study demonstrates that LIMD1 represents a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer. Combined with the fact that LIMD1 expression is downregulated in lung cancers this clearly indicates that LIMD1 may represent a critical TSG, the function of which is deregulated via overall loss of expression and/or relocalisation within the cell during tumour development. The possible functions of LIMD1 localisation within the nucleus and cytoplasm and its relationship to tumour prognosis are discussed.