Approach and avoidant emotion regulation prevent depressive symptoms in children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

The prevalence of depression is high in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), but its etiology has not yet been studied in this group. Emotion dysregulation is a well-known contributor to the development of depression in typically developing (TD) children, which might also apply to children with ASD. In this study, we examined the longitudinal relationship between three different ways of emotion regulation (approach, avoidance and worry/rumination) and depressive symptoms in children with ASD and a group of TD children which were compatible with the ASD group (age 9–15-years old). Children filled out self-report questionnaires at 3 time points (with a 9-month break between each session). To account for missing data multiple imputations were used. A regression model with clustered bootstrapping was used to establish which factors contributed to depression and to identify possible differences between the ASD and TD group. Approach and avoidant strategies prevented the development of depressive symptoms in both respective groups, whereas elevated levels of worry/rumination in turn increased children's depressive symptoms. Besides differences in absolute levels (children with ASD scored higher on symptoms of depression and lower on approach strategies than the TD group), no other differences between the groups emerged.     

上海市网络成瘾中学生的应对方式与社会支持

背景应激被认为与青少年网络成瘾存在一定的关联,除了事件本身,应对方式和寻求社会支持则是应激过程中的主观过程。目的评价网络成瘾中学生的社会支持系统和应对机制。方法以Beard的网络成瘾诊断标准结合功能受损程度,通过临床访谈得到网络成瘾中学生205人,以问卷调查形式评估他们的应对方式和社会支持。176人有效完成问卷（问卷有效率85.9%）,并且与352例（按照1∶2的比例年龄、性别配对）不满足网络成瘾诊断标准的学生进行比较。结果与非网络成瘾学生相比,网络成瘾学生在应对方式问卷的＂问题解决＂分量表和＂求助＂分量表上的平均分显著较低,而在＂自责＂和＂幻想＂分量表上的平均分较高。网络成瘾组中,社会支持评定量表中的＂支持总分＂、＂主观支持分＂、＂对支持的利用度＂分量表得分显著较低。Logistic回归分析提示网络成瘾与应对方式中使用＂问题解决＂、＂幻想＂、＂自责＂以及在＂对支持的利用＂能力上独立相关。结论在中学生中,网络成瘾与应对方式、社会支持的利用度相关。需要进一步的研究来确定,是否在学生中鼓励他们使用积极的应对方式或者训练他们发展和使用社会支持资源将预防或者改善网络成瘾的消极影响。     

抑郁症完美主义心理及应付方式的病例对照研究

目的 探讨抑郁症患者的完美主义心理特点及与应付方式之间的关系.方法 在本病例对照研究中,选取65例符合ICD- 10精神与行为障碍分类中抑郁症诊断标准的门诊或住院患者及65例按照性别、年龄、受教育程度进行配比的无精神障碍的志愿者,用中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷、应付方式问卷对其进行问卷调查.结果 病例组在完美主义总分(90.05±17.48)分vs(68.01±10.23)分、担心错误(24.46±7.40)分Vs(12.38±5.07)分、行动的疑虑(14.89±3.79)分vs(8.26±3.03)分、父母期望(12.45±4.24)分Vs(8.76±4.01)分、退避(0.61±0.26)分Vs(0.27±0.24)分、幻想(0.49±0.24)分Vs(0.32±0.15)分和自责(0.56±0.26)分Vs(0.29±0.14)分上得分高于对照组(P＜0.05),而在求助(0.33±0.14)分Vs(0.52±0.23)分、解决问题(0.28±0.13)分vs分(0.59±0.27)上得分低于对照组(均P＜0.05).完美主义总分与退避、自责正相关(r=0.58,0.48,P＜0.01),与求助、解决问题负相关(r =-0.55,-0.55,P＜0.01).结论 抑郁症患者可能比正常人更追求完美,更多使用不成熟的应付方式.     

基于结构方程模型探讨青少年睡眠质量与负性生活事件、应对方式的关系

目的 采用结构方程模型探讨青少年睡眠质量与负性生活事件、应对方式之间的关系,为改善青少年睡眠质量提供参考。方法 于2021年12月-2022年5月,选取重庆市3所中学767名初中生为研究对象,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）和简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）评估青少年睡眠质量、负性生活事件以及应对方式。采用结构方程模型分析睡眠质量与负性生活事件、应对方式之间的关系。结果 检出存在睡眠障碍者222人（28.94%）,青少年PSQI评分与ASLEC评分、SCSQ消极应对维度评分均呈正相关（r=0.612、0.590,P均<0.01）,与积极应对维度评分呈负相关（r=-0.435,P<0.01）。构建负性生活事件、应对方式和睡眠质量关系的结构方程模型,结果显示,青少年负性生活事件对睡眠质量有直接和间接正向效应（β=0.448、0.322,P<0.05）,积极应对对睡眠质量有直接负向效应（β=-0.368,P<0.05）,消极应对对睡眠质量有直接正向效应（β=0.442,P<0.05）。结论 负性生活事件和消极应对对青少年睡眠质...     

Effects of Control Over Aversive Stimulation and Type A Behavior on Cardiovascular and Plasma Catecholamine Responses

Cardiovascular, plasma catecholamine, and behavioral effects of control over aversive events were studied in 87 Type A and B male adults. Subjects performed a choice reaction time (RT) task during which they received loud noise bursts and/or electric shocks on designated trials. About half of the cases were told they could avoid noise and shock by attaining a predetermined criterion of RT speed (Contingency). The remaining half were instructed that noxious stimulation would be delivered randomly, irrespective of their performance (No Contingency). Half of the cases in each treatment were exposed to high frequency of aversive stimulation (High FAS), whereas the remaining half received low frequency of such stimulation (Low FAS). Within Contingency, High and Low FAS were designed to signify failure and success, respectively. Aversive stimulation in No Contingency was gratuitous and, therefore, did not convey information about performance. Relative to No Contingency, the Contingency treatment induced greater increases in RT speed, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and plasma epinephrine. Differential FAS did not potentiate these differences. It also was found that the Type A subjects had higher systolic blood pressure and heart rate responses than Type B's. The prediction that Contingency (particularly with High FAS) would elicit greater physiologic and behavioral hyperresponsiveness in A's than B's received some support in the data for RT speed and plasma NE. Findings were discussed in terms of sympathetic activation of hemodynamic changes under conditions of active coping. Consideration was given to the role of the sympathetic nervous system and Type A behavior in cardiovascular disease.     

An acceptance-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy in multimodal rehabilitation: A pre-post test evaluation in highly distressed patients with rheumatic diseases

Objective

To examine the potential effectiveness of a multimodal rehabilitation program including an acceptance-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy for highly distressed patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods

An observational study employing a one-group pre-post test design (N = 25). The primary outcome was psychological distress. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, illness acceptance, and coping flexibility. Group pre-to-post and pre-to-12 months follow-up treatment changes were evaluated by paired-samples t-tests and Cohen's effect sizes (d). Individual changes were evaluated by the reliable change index (RCI) and clinically significant change (CSC) parameters.

Results

Significant effects were found post-treatment and maintained at 12 months in psychological distress (d > 0.80), illness acceptance (d = 1.48) and the SF-36 subscales role physical, vitality, and mental health (d ≥ 0.65). No significant effects were found for coping flexibility and the SF-36 subscales physical functioning, bodily pain, social functioning, and role emotional. Both a reliable (RCI) and clinically significant (CSC) improvement was observed for almost half of the highly distressed patients.

Conclusion

The patients enrolled in the multimodal rehabilitation program showed improved psychological health status from pre to post-treatment.

Practice implications

A randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm or refute the added value of an acceptance-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy for highly distressed patients in rehabilitation.     

精神分裂症非理性信念和应对方式与社会功能的相关性

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者非理性信念和应对方式与社会功能的关系.方法 对89例精神分裂症患者在心理治疗前和结束后60周进行测评,测评工具包括阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、非理性信念量表（IBS）、应对方式问卷（CSQ）及个人和社会功能量表（PSP）.结果 ①与治疗前相比,治疗结束后60周IBS中的低挫折耐受、概括化评论和绝对化要求评分降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;CSQ中的问题解决评分升高,自责、幻想、退避与合理化评分降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;PSP评分升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;②Pearson相关分析表明,概括化评论、绝对化要求和幻想评分与社会功能评分之间呈显著负相关（r=-0.226,-0.211,-0.218;P ＜0.05）,问题解决评分与社会功能评分之间呈显著正相关（r=0.247,P=0.020）;③路径分析表明,问题解决、幻想、概括化评论对社会功能的路径系数分别为0.268,-0.214,-0.226（P＜0.05）,概括化评论对问题解决的路径系数为-0.371（P ＜0.01）,绝对化要求对幻想的路径系数为0.411（P＜0.01）.结论 非理性信念、应对方式与精神分裂症患者的社会功能相关;问题解决、幻想和概括化评论对社会功能产生直接作用;概括化评论与绝对化要求分别通过问题解决和幻想对社会功能产生间接作用.     

医护人员职业倦怠与应对方式

目的了解医护人员的职业倦怠现状,探讨应对方式与职业倦怠之间的关系,为制定针对性地干预措施提供依据。方法采用职业倦怠调查问卷和简易应对方式问卷对本市3家医院300名一线医护人员进行调查。结果①年龄30～39岁的医护人员情感耗竭较高,40～49岁的医护人员有较高的成就感(F=4.39,4.17;P<0.05);②工龄10～19年的医护人员情感耗竭较高,20～29年的医护人员有较高的成就感(F=4.18,4.21;P<0.05);③妇产科医护人员情感耗竭较高,精神科医护人员的人格解体较高(F=5.02,5.40;P<0.05);④医护人员的应对方式与职业倦怠呈显著正相关(t=0.94,0.96;P<0.01)。结论医护人员面对工作的压力,很容易产生职业倦怠,应对方式与职业倦怠有密切的关系。     

昆明市流动儿童歧视知觉与应对方式

目的探讨昆明市流动儿童歧视知觉与应对方式的现状及关系,以促进其更好地融入城市生活。方法采用歧视知觉问卷和应付方式问卷对昆明市的508名流动儿童和180名非流动儿童进行问卷调查。结果与非流动儿童相比,流动儿童在歧视知觉(t=-5.406,P0.001)和歧视体验(t=-3.519,P0.001)上的得分显著偏高,并与其流动时间存在一定相关;应对方式上,两个群体在自责(F=2.951,P0.05)、幻想(F=1.426,P0.01)两个维度上存在显著差异;除问题解决外,流动儿童歧视体验与应对方式各维度均存在显著相关。结论流动儿童歧视知觉水平有待降低,歧视知觉对其应对方式的选择具有部分的预测作用。